Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 3/2011

01-04-2011

CARTO-guided vs. NavX-guided pulmonary vein antrum isolation and pulmonary vein antrum isolation performed without 3-D mapping: effect of the 3-D mapping system on procedure duration and fluoroscopy time

Authors: Yaariv Khaykin, Richard Oosthuizen, Lauren Zarnett, Zaev A. Wulffhart, Bonnie Whaley, Carol Hill, David Giewercer, Atul Verma

Published in: Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology | Issue 3/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) guided by intracardiac echocardiography and a roaming circular mapping catheter is an effective treatment modality for atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, the complexity of this technique leads to long procedure times and high fluoroscopy exposure. This study examined the effect of two different mapping systems on the procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes of PVAI for atrial fibrillation.

Methods

Referred patients underwent PVAI using a magnetic-based 3-dimensional (3-D) mapping (CARTO® System; group 1), a current-based system (EnSite NavX™; group 2), or fluoroscopy without 3-D mapping (group 3) between February 2004 and November 2009.

Results

Data were analyzed from 71 patients in group 1, 165 patients in group 2, and 197 patients in group 3. Baseline characteristics and measured long-term outcomes did not differ between the groups. Although patients in group 1 were more likely to undergo a concurrent flutter ablation (P = 0.01), they had significantly shorter procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and radiofrequency energy delivery time compared with group 2 and 3 patients. No difference was detected among the groups with respect to recurrence, mean time to recurrence, or number of PVAI procedures.

Conclusions

Use of a magnetic-based 3-D mapping system, which allows precise spatial localization of the ablation catheter, was associated with significantly lower procedure time, fluoroscopy duration, and radiofrequency energy delivery time during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation compared with a current-based system and ablation performed without 3-D mapping, although measured short- and long-term clinical outcomes were similar.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Camm, A. J., & Obel, O. A. (1996). Epidemiology and mechanism of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. The American Journal of Cardiology, 78(8A), 3–11.PubMedCrossRef Camm, A. J., & Obel, O. A. (1996). Epidemiology and mechanism of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. The American Journal of Cardiology, 78(8A), 3–11.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Benjamin, E. J., Wolf, P. A., D’Agostino, R. B., Silbershatz, H., Kannel, W. B., & Levy, D. (1998). Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 98(10), 946–952.PubMed Benjamin, E. J., Wolf, P. A., D’Agostino, R. B., Silbershatz, H., Kannel, W. B., & Levy, D. (1998). Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 98(10), 946–952.PubMed
3.
go back to reference Wolf, P. A., Mitchell, J. B., Baker, C. S., Kannel, W. B., & D’Agostino, R. B. (1998). Impact of atrial fibrillation on mortality, stroke, and medical costs. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(3), 229–234.PubMedCrossRef Wolf, P. A., Mitchell, J. B., Baker, C. S., Kannel, W. B., & D’Agostino, R. B. (1998). Impact of atrial fibrillation on mortality, stroke, and medical costs. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(3), 229–234.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Connolly, S. J. (1999). Preventing stroke in atrial fibrillation: why are so many eligible patients not receiving anticoagulant therapy? CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 161(5), 533–534.PubMed Connolly, S. J. (1999). Preventing stroke in atrial fibrillation: why are so many eligible patients not receiving anticoagulant therapy? CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 161(5), 533–534.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Crandall, M. A., Bradley, D. J., Packer, D. L., & Asirvatham, S. J. (2009). Contemporary management of atrial fibrillation: update on anticoagulation and invasive management strategies. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 84(7), 643–662.PubMedCrossRef Crandall, M. A., Bradley, D. J., Packer, D. L., & Asirvatham, S. J. (2009). Contemporary management of atrial fibrillation: update on anticoagulation and invasive management strategies. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 84(7), 643–662.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Chung, M. K., Shemanski, L., Sherman, D. G., Greene, H. L., Hogan, D. B., Kellen, J. C., et al. (2005). Functional status in rate- versus rhythm-control strategies for atrial fibrillation: results of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Functional Status Substudy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(10), 1891–1899.PubMedCrossRef Chung, M. K., Shemanski, L., Sherman, D. G., Greene, H. L., Hogan, D. B., Kellen, J. C., et al. (2005). Functional status in rate- versus rhythm-control strategies for atrial fibrillation: results of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Functional Status Substudy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(10), 1891–1899.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Corley, S. D., Epstein, A. E., DiMarco, J. P., Domanski, M. J., Geller, N., Greene, H. L., et al. (2004). Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Circulation, 109(12), 1509–1513.PubMedCrossRef Corley, S. D., Epstein, A. E., DiMarco, J. P., Domanski, M. J., Geller, N., Greene, H. L., et al. (2004). Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Circulation, 109(12), 1509–1513.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Guglin, M., Chen, R., & Curtis, A. B. (2010). Sinus rhythm is associated with fewer heart failure symptoms: insights from the AFFIRM trial. Heart Rhythm, 7(5), 596–601.PubMedCrossRef Guglin, M., Chen, R., & Curtis, A. B. (2010). Sinus rhythm is associated with fewer heart failure symptoms: insights from the AFFIRM trial. Heart Rhythm, 7(5), 596–601.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Chen, S. A., Hsieh, M. H., Tai, C. T., Tsai, C. F., Prakash, V. S., Yu, W. C., et al. (1999). Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins: electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological responses, and effects of radiofrequency ablation. Circulation, 100(18), 1879–1886.PubMed Chen, S. A., Hsieh, M. H., Tai, C. T., Tsai, C. F., Prakash, V. S., Yu, W. C., et al. (1999). Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins: electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological responses, and effects of radiofrequency ablation. Circulation, 100(18), 1879–1886.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Shah, D. C., Takahashi, A., Hocini, M., Quiniou, G., et al. (1998). Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. The New England Journal of Medicine, 339(10), 659–666.PubMedCrossRef Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Shah, D. C., Takahashi, A., Hocini, M., Quiniou, G., et al. (1998). Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. The New England Journal of Medicine, 339(10), 659–666.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Haissaguerre, M., Shah, D. C., Jais, P., Hocini, M., Yamane, T., Deisenhofer, I., et al. (2000). Electrophysiological breakthroughs from the left atrium to the pulmonary veins. Circulation, 102(20), 2463–2465.PubMed Haissaguerre, M., Shah, D. C., Jais, P., Hocini, M., Yamane, T., Deisenhofer, I., et al. (2000). Electrophysiological breakthroughs from the left atrium to the pulmonary veins. Circulation, 102(20), 2463–2465.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Natale, A., Pisano, E., Shewchik, J., Bash, D., Fanelli, R., Potenza, D., et al. (2000). First human experience with pulmonary vein isolation using a through-the-balloon circumferential ultrasound ablation system for recurrent atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 102(16), 1879–1882.PubMed Natale, A., Pisano, E., Shewchik, J., Bash, D., Fanelli, R., Potenza, D., et al. (2000). First human experience with pulmonary vein isolation using a through-the-balloon circumferential ultrasound ablation system for recurrent atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 102(16), 1879–1882.PubMed
13.
go back to reference Pappone, C., Oreto, G., Lamberti, F., Vicedomini, G., Loricchio, M. L., Shpun, S., et al. (1999). Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a 3D mapping system. Circulation, 100(11), 1203–1208.PubMed Pappone, C., Oreto, G., Lamberti, F., Vicedomini, G., Loricchio, M. L., Shpun, S., et al. (1999). Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a 3D mapping system. Circulation, 100(11), 1203–1208.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Pappone, C., Oreto, G., Rosanio, S., Vicedomini, G., Tocchi, M., Gugliotta, F., et al. (2001). Atrial electroanatomic remodeling after circumferential radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation: efficacy of an anatomic approach in a large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 104(21), 2539–2544.PubMedCrossRef Pappone, C., Oreto, G., Rosanio, S., Vicedomini, G., Tocchi, M., Gugliotta, F., et al. (2001). Atrial electroanatomic remodeling after circumferential radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation: efficacy of an anatomic approach in a large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 104(21), 2539–2544.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Pappone, C., Rosanio, S., Oreto, G., Tocchi, M., Gugliotta, F., Vicedomini, G., et al. (2000). Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: a new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 102(21), 2619–2628.PubMed Pappone, C., Rosanio, S., Oreto, G., Tocchi, M., Gugliotta, F., Vicedomini, G., et al. (2000). Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: a new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 102(21), 2619–2628.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Marrouche, N. F., Dresing, T., Cole, C., Bash, D., Saad, E., Balaban, K., et al. (2002). Circular mapping and ablation of the pulmonary vein for treatment of atrial fibrillation: impact of different catheter technologies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40(3), 464–474.PubMedCrossRef Marrouche, N. F., Dresing, T., Cole, C., Bash, D., Saad, E., Balaban, K., et al. (2002). Circular mapping and ablation of the pulmonary vein for treatment of atrial fibrillation: impact of different catheter technologies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40(3), 464–474.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Estner, H. L., Deisenhofer, I., Luik, A., Ndrepepa, G., von Bary, C., Zrenner, B., et al. (2006). Electrical isolation of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation: reduction of fluoroscopy exposure and procedure duration by the use of a non-fluoroscopic navigation system (NavX). Europace, 8(8), 583–587.PubMedCrossRef Estner, H. L., Deisenhofer, I., Luik, A., Ndrepepa, G., von Bary, C., Zrenner, B., et al. (2006). Electrical isolation of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation: reduction of fluoroscopy exposure and procedure duration by the use of a non-fluoroscopic navigation system (NavX). Europace, 8(8), 583–587.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Lakkireddy, D., Nadzam, G., Verma, A., Prasad, S., Ryschon, K., Di Biase, L., et al. (2009). Impact of a comprehensive safety program on radiation exposure during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a prospective study. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 24(2), 105–112.PubMedCrossRef Lakkireddy, D., Nadzam, G., Verma, A., Prasad, S., Ryschon, K., Di Biase, L., et al. (2009). Impact of a comprehensive safety program on radiation exposure during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a prospective study. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 24(2), 105–112.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Rotter, M., Takahashi, Y., Sanders, P., Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Hsu, L. F., et al. (2005). Reduction of fluoroscopy exposure and procedure duration during ablation of atrial fibrillation using a novel anatomical navigation system. European Heart Journal, 26(14), 1415–1421.PubMedCrossRef Rotter, M., Takahashi, Y., Sanders, P., Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Hsu, L. F., et al. (2005). Reduction of fluoroscopy exposure and procedure duration during ablation of atrial fibrillation using a novel anatomical navigation system. European Heart Journal, 26(14), 1415–1421.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Wagner, L. K., Eifel, P. J., & Geise, R. A. (1994). Potential biological effects following high X-ray dose interventional procedures. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 5(1), 71–84.PubMedCrossRef Wagner, L. K., Eifel, P. J., & Geise, R. A. (1994). Potential biological effects following high X-ray dose interventional procedures. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 5(1), 71–84.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Lo, L. W., & Chen, S. A. (2009). Developments and recent advances in catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Future Cardiology, 5(6), 557–565.PubMedCrossRef Lo, L. W., & Chen, S. A. (2009). Developments and recent advances in catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Future Cardiology, 5(6), 557–565.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Knackstedt, C., Schauerte, P., & Kirchhof, P. (2008). Electro-anatomic mapping systems in arrhythmias. Europace, 10(Suppl 3), iii28–34.PubMedCrossRef Knackstedt, C., Schauerte, P., & Kirchhof, P. (2008). Electro-anatomic mapping systems in arrhythmias. Europace, 10(Suppl 3), iii28–34.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Piorkowski, C., Hindricks, G., Schreiber, D., Tanner, H., Weise, W., Koch, A., et al. (2006). Electroanatomic reconstruction of the left atrium, pulmonary veins, and esophagus compared with the “true anatomy” on multislice computed tomography in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 3(3), 317–327.PubMedCrossRef Piorkowski, C., Hindricks, G., Schreiber, D., Tanner, H., Weise, W., Koch, A., et al. (2006). Electroanatomic reconstruction of the left atrium, pulmonary veins, and esophagus compared with the “true anatomy” on multislice computed tomography in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 3(3), 317–327.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Shpun, S., Gepstein, L., Hayam, G., & Ben-Haim, S. A. (1997). Guidance of radiofrequency endocardial ablation with real-time three-dimensional magnetic navigation system. Circulation, 96(6), 2016–2021.PubMed Shpun, S., Gepstein, L., Hayam, G., & Ben-Haim, S. A. (1997). Guidance of radiofrequency endocardial ablation with real-time three-dimensional magnetic navigation system. Circulation, 96(6), 2016–2021.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Juneja, R. (2009). Radiofrequency ablation for cardiac tachyarrhythmia: principles and utility of 3D ampping systems. Current Science, 97(3), 416–424. Juneja, R. (2009). Radiofrequency ablation for cardiac tachyarrhythmia: principles and utility of 3D ampping systems. Current Science, 97(3), 416–424.
26.
go back to reference Packer, D. L. (2005). Three-dimensional mapping in interventional electrophysiology: techniques and technology. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(10), 1110–1116.PubMedCrossRef Packer, D. L. (2005). Three-dimensional mapping in interventional electrophysiology: techniques and technology. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(10), 1110–1116.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Nademanee, K., McKenzie, J., Kosar, E., Schwab, M., Sunsaneewitayakul, B., Vasavakul, T., et al. (2004). A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43(11), 2044–2053.PubMedCrossRef Nademanee, K., McKenzie, J., Kosar, E., Schwab, M., Sunsaneewitayakul, B., Vasavakul, T., et al. (2004). A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43(11), 2044–2053.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Khaykin, Y., Skanes, A., Champagne, J., Themistoclakis, S., Gula, L., Rossillo, A., et al. (2009). A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of electroanatomic circumferential pulmonary vein ablation supplemented by ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms versus potential-guided pulmonary vein antrum isolation guided by intracardiac ultrasound. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(5), 481–487.CrossRef Khaykin, Y., Skanes, A., Champagne, J., Themistoclakis, S., Gula, L., Rossillo, A., et al. (2009). A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of electroanatomic circumferential pulmonary vein ablation supplemented by ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms versus potential-guided pulmonary vein antrum isolation guided by intracardiac ultrasound. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(5), 481–487.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Faulkner, K., & Werduch, A. (2008). An estimate of the collective dose to the European population from cardiac X-ray procedures. The British Journal of Radiology, 81(972), 955–962.PubMedCrossRef Faulkner, K., & Werduch, A. (2008). An estimate of the collective dose to the European population from cardiac X-ray procedures. The British Journal of Radiology, 81(972), 955–962.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Georges, J. L., Livarek, B., Gibault-Genty, G., Aziza, J. P., Hautecoeur, J. L., Soleille, H., et al. (2009). Reduction of radiation delivered to patients undergoing invasive coronary procedures. Effect of a programme for dose reduction based on radiation-protection training. Archives of Cardiovascular Disease, 102(12), 821–827.CrossRef Georges, J. L., Livarek, B., Gibault-Genty, G., Aziza, J. P., Hautecoeur, J. L., Soleille, H., et al. (2009). Reduction of radiation delivered to patients undergoing invasive coronary procedures. Effect of a programme for dose reduction based on radiation-protection training. Archives of Cardiovascular Disease, 102(12), 821–827.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Steven, D., Servatius, H., Rostock, T., Hoffmann, B., Drewitz, I., Mullerleile, K., et al. (2010). Reduced fluoroscopy during atrial fibrillation ablation: benefits of robotic guided navigation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(1), 6–12.PubMedCrossRef Steven, D., Servatius, H., Rostock, T., Hoffmann, B., Drewitz, I., Mullerleile, K., et al. (2010). Reduced fluoroscopy during atrial fibrillation ablation: benefits of robotic guided navigation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(1), 6–12.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Khaykin, Y., Mendez, C., Whaley, B., Giewercer, D., Cashabeck, D., Monaghan, J., et al. Fluoroscopy time alone is insufficient to estimate deleivered radiation dose during ablation procedures. Presented at: Heart Rhythm Society’s 31st Annual Scientific Sessions. May 12–15, 2010. Denver, Colorado. Abstract PO1-35. Khaykin, Y., Mendez, C., Whaley, B., Giewercer, D., Cashabeck, D., Monaghan, J., et al. Fluoroscopy time alone is insufficient to estimate deleivered radiation dose during ablation procedures. Presented at: Heart Rhythm Society’s 31st Annual Scientific Sessions. May 12–15, 2010. Denver, Colorado. Abstract PO1-35.
33.
go back to reference Ferguson, J. D., Helms, A., Mangrum, J. M., Mahapatra, S., Mason, P., Bilchick, K., et al. (2009). Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation without fluoroscopy using intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(6), 611–619.CrossRef Ferguson, J. D., Helms, A., Mangrum, J. M., Mahapatra, S., Mason, P., Bilchick, K., et al. (2009). Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation without fluoroscopy using intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(6), 611–619.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Verma, A., Mantovan, R., Macle, L., De Martino, G., Chen, J., Morillo, C. A., et al. (2010). Substrate and Trigger Ablation for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation (STAR AF): a randomized, multicentre, international trial. European Heart Journal, 31(11), 1344–1356.PubMedCrossRef Verma, A., Mantovan, R., Macle, L., De Martino, G., Chen, J., Morillo, C. A., et al. (2010). Substrate and Trigger Ablation for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation (STAR AF): a randomized, multicentre, international trial. European Heart Journal, 31(11), 1344–1356.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Di Biase, L., Wang, Y., Horton, R., Gallinghouse, G. J., Mohanty, P., Sanchez, J., et al. (2009). Ablation of atrial fibrillation utilizing robotic catheter navigation in comparison to manual navigation and ablation: single-center experience. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1328–1335.PubMedCrossRef Di Biase, L., Wang, Y., Horton, R., Gallinghouse, G. J., Mohanty, P., Sanchez, J., et al. (2009). Ablation of atrial fibrillation utilizing robotic catheter navigation in comparison to manual navigation and ablation: single-center experience. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1328–1335.PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Elayi, C. S., Di Biase, L., Barrett, C., Ching, C. K., al Aly, M., Lucciola, M., et al. (2010). Atrial fibrillation termination as a procedural endpoint during ablation in long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 7(9), 1216–1223.PubMedCrossRef Elayi, C. S., Di Biase, L., Barrett, C., Ching, C. K., al Aly, M., Lucciola, M., et al. (2010). Atrial fibrillation termination as a procedural endpoint during ablation in long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 7(9), 1216–1223.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
CARTO-guided vs. NavX-guided pulmonary vein antrum isolation and pulmonary vein antrum isolation performed without 3-D mapping: effect of the 3-D mapping system on procedure duration and fluoroscopy time
Authors
Yaariv Khaykin
Richard Oosthuizen
Lauren Zarnett
Zaev A. Wulffhart
Bonnie Whaley
Carol Hill
David Giewercer
Atul Verma
Publication date
01-04-2011
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology / Issue 3/2011
Print ISSN: 1383-875X
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8595
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-010-9538-9

Other articles of this Issue 3/2011

Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 3/2011 Go to the issue