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Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
Published in: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 12/2016

01-12-2016 | Reproductive Physiology and Disease

Anti-Müllerian hormone is produced heterogeneously in primate preantral follicles and is a potential biomarker for follicle growth and oocyte maturation in vitro

Authors: Jing Xu, Fuhua Xu, John H. Letaw, Byung S. Park, Robert P. Searles, Betsy M. Ferguson

Published in: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics | Issue 12/2016

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Abstract

Purpose

The main goals of this study were to investigate the expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor (AMHR2) during follicular development in primates, and to evaluate the potential of AMH as a biomarker for follicle growth and oocyte maturation in vitro.

Methods

The mRNA and protein expression of AMH and AMHR2 were determined using isolated follicles and ovarian sections from rhesus macaques (n = 4) by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Isolated secondary follicles were cultured individually. Follicle growth and media AMH concentrations were assessed by ELISA. The mRNA expression profiles, obtained from RNA sequencing, of in vitro- and in vivo-developed antral follicles were compared. Secondary follicles from additional animals (n = 35) were cultured. Follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and media AMH concentrations were evaluated for forecasting follicular development in vitro by AMH levels.

Results

AMH immunostaining was heterogeneous in the population of preantral follicles that were also stained for AMHR2. The mRNA expression profiles were comparable between in vivo- and in vitro-developed follicles. AMH levels produced by growing follicles were higher than those of nongrowing follicles in culture. With a cutoff value of 1.40 ng/ml, 85 % of nongrowing follicles could be identified while eliminating only 5 % of growing follicles. Growing follicles that generated metaphase II-stage oocytes secreted greater amounts of AMH than did those yielding immature germinal vesicle-stage oocytes.

Conclusions

AMH, co-expressed with AMHR2, was produced heterogeneously by preantral follicles in macaques with levels correlated positively with follicle growth and oocyte maturation. AMH may serve as a biomarker for primate follicular development in vitro.
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Metadata
Title
Anti-Müllerian hormone is produced heterogeneously in primate preantral follicles and is a potential biomarker for follicle growth and oocyte maturation in vitro
Authors
Jing Xu
Fuhua Xu
John H. Letaw
Byung S. Park
Robert P. Searles
Betsy M. Ferguson
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics / Issue 12/2016
Print ISSN: 1058-0468
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7330
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-016-0804-3

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