Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Heart Failure Reviews 4/2017

Open Access 01-07-2017

PET-CMR in heart failure - synergistic or redundant imaging?

Authors: Michael A. Quail, Albert J. Sinusas

Published in: Heart Failure Reviews | Issue 4/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Imaging in heart failure (HF) provides data for diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring. Both MRI and nuclear imaging techniques have been successfully used for this purpose in HF. Positron Emission Tomography-Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (PET-CMR) is an example of a new multimodality diagnostic imaging technique with potential applications in HF. The threshold for adopting a new diagnostic tool to clinical practice must necessarily be high, lest they exacerbate costs without improving care. New modalities must demonstrate clinical superiority, or at least equivalence, combined with another important advantage, such as lower cost or improved patient safety. The purpose of this review is to outline the current status of multimodality PET-CMR with regard to HF applications, and determine whether the clinical utility of this new technology justifies the cost.
Literature
2.
go back to reference Bailey DL, Pichler BJ, Guckel B, Barthel H, Beer AJ, Botnar R, Gillies R, Goh V, Gotthardt M, Hicks RJ, Lanzenberger R, la Fougere C, Lentschig M, Nekolla SG, Niederdraenk T, Nikolaou K, Nuyts J, Olego D, Riklund KA, Signore A, Schafers M, Sossi V, Suminski M, Veit-Haibach P, Umutlu L, Wissmeyer M, Beyer T (2016) Combined PET/MRI: from status quo to status go. Summary report of the fifth international workshop on PET/MR imaging; February 15-19, 2016; Tubingen, Germany. Mol Imaging Biol 18(5):637–650. doi:10.1007/s11307-016-0993-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bailey DL, Pichler BJ, Guckel B, Barthel H, Beer AJ, Botnar R, Gillies R, Goh V, Gotthardt M, Hicks RJ, Lanzenberger R, la Fougere C, Lentschig M, Nekolla SG, Niederdraenk T, Nikolaou K, Nuyts J, Olego D, Riklund KA, Signore A, Schafers M, Sossi V, Suminski M, Veit-Haibach P, Umutlu L, Wissmeyer M, Beyer T (2016) Combined PET/MRI: from status quo to status go. Summary report of the fifth international workshop on PET/MR imaging; February 15-19, 2016; Tubingen, Germany. Mol Imaging Biol 18(5):637–650. doi:10.​1007/​s11307-016-0993-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
go back to reference Bart BA, Shaw LK, McCants CB Jr, Fortin DF, Lee KL, Califf RM, O'Connor CM (1997) Clinical determinants of mortality in patients with angiographically diagnosed ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 30(4):1002–1008CrossRefPubMed Bart BA, Shaw LK, McCants CB Jr, Fortin DF, Lee KL, Califf RM, O'Connor CM (1997) Clinical determinants of mortality in patients with angiographically diagnosed ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 30(4):1002–1008CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Petibon Y, Guehl NJ, Reese TG, Ebrahimi B, Normandin MD, Shoup TM, Alpert NM, El Fakhri G, Ouyang J (2016) Impact of motion and partial volume effects correction on PET myocardial perfusion imaging using simultaneous PET-MR. Phys Med Biol 62(2):326CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Petibon Y, Guehl NJ, Reese TG, Ebrahimi B, Normandin MD, Shoup TM, Alpert NM, El Fakhri G, Ouyang J (2016) Impact of motion and partial volume effects correction on PET myocardial perfusion imaging using simultaneous PET-MR. Phys Med Biol 62(2):326CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
go back to reference Dilsizian V, Bacharach SL, Beanlands RS, Bergmann SR, Delbeke D, Gropler RJ (2009) ASNC imaging guidelines for nuclear cardiology procedures: PET myocardial perfusion and metabolism clinical imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 16(4):651CrossRef Dilsizian V, Bacharach SL, Beanlands RS, Bergmann SR, Delbeke D, Gropler RJ (2009) ASNC imaging guidelines for nuclear cardiology procedures: PET myocardial perfusion and metabolism clinical imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 16(4):651CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Sinusas AJ (2010) Molecular imaging in nuclear cardiology: translating research concepts into clinical applications. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 54(2):230–240PubMed Sinusas AJ (2010) Molecular imaging in nuclear cardiology: translating research concepts into clinical applications. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 54(2):230–240PubMed
7.
8.
go back to reference Uren NG, Melin JA, De Bruyne B, Wijns W, Baudhuin T, Camici PG (1994) Relation between myocardial blood flow and the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. New Engl J Med 330(25):1782–1788CrossRefPubMed Uren NG, Melin JA, De Bruyne B, Wijns W, Baudhuin T, Camici PG (1994) Relation between myocardial blood flow and the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. New Engl J Med 330(25):1782–1788CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Ziadi MC, Williams KA, Guo A, Chow BJ, Renaud JM, Ruddy TD, Sarveswaran N, Tee RE, Beanlands RS (2011) Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 58(7):740–748CrossRefPubMed Ziadi MC, Williams KA, Guo A, Chow BJ, Renaud JM, Ruddy TD, Sarveswaran N, Tee RE, Beanlands RS (2011) Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 58(7):740–748CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Herzog BA, Husmann L, Valenta I, Gaemperli O, Siegrist PT, Tay FM, Burkhard N, Wyss CA, Kaufmann PA (2009) Long-term prognostic value of 13 N-ammonia myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography: added value of coronary flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol 54(2):150–156CrossRefPubMed Herzog BA, Husmann L, Valenta I, Gaemperli O, Siegrist PT, Tay FM, Burkhard N, Wyss CA, Kaufmann PA (2009) Long-term prognostic value of 13 N-ammonia myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography: added value of coronary flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol 54(2):150–156CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Steeden JA, Knight DS, Bali S, Atkinson D, Taylor AM, Muthurangu V (2014) Self-navigated tissue phase mapping using a golden-angle spiral acquisition-proof of concept in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 71(1):145–155. doi:10.1002/mrm.24646 CrossRef Steeden JA, Knight DS, Bali S, Atkinson D, Taylor AM, Muthurangu V (2014) Self-navigated tissue phase mapping using a golden-angle spiral acquisition-proof of concept in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 71(1):145–155. doi:10.​1002/​mrm.​24646 CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Bellenger NG, Davies LC, Francis JM, Coats AJ, Pennell DJ (2000) Reduction in sample size for studies of remodeling in heart failure by the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2(4):271–278CrossRefPubMed Bellenger NG, Davies LC, Francis JM, Coats AJ, Pennell DJ (2000) Reduction in sample size for studies of remodeling in heart failure by the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2(4):271–278CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Morton G, Chiribiri A, Ishida M, Hussain ST, Schuster A, Indermuehle A, Perera D, Knuuti J, Baker S, Hedström E, Schleyer P, O'Doherty M, Barrington S, Nagel E (2012) Quantification of absolute myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease: comparison between cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 60(16):1546–1555. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.05.052 CrossRefPubMed Morton G, Chiribiri A, Ishida M, Hussain ST, Schuster A, Indermuehle A, Perera D, Knuuti J, Baker S, Hedström E, Schleyer P, O'Doherty M, Barrington S, Nagel E (2012) Quantification of absolute myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease: comparison between cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 60(16):1546–1555. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2012.​05.​052 CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Christian TF, Rettmann DW, Aletras AH, Liao SL, Taylor JL, Balaban RS, Arai AE (2004) Absolute myocardial perfusion in canines measured by using dual-bolus first-pass MR imaging 1. Radiology 232(3):677–684CrossRefPubMed Christian TF, Rettmann DW, Aletras AH, Liao SL, Taylor JL, Balaban RS, Arai AE (2004) Absolute myocardial perfusion in canines measured by using dual-bolus first-pass MR imaging 1. Radiology 232(3):677–684CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Kupka MJ, Ho KK, Murabito JM, Vasan RS (2002) Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. New Engl J Med 347(18):1397–1402CrossRefPubMed Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Kupka MJ, Ho KK, Murabito JM, Vasan RS (2002) Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. New Engl J Med 347(18):1397–1402CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Taylor AL, Ziesche S, Yancy C, Carson P, D'Agostino R Jr, Ferdinand K, Taylor M, Adams K, Sabolinski M, Worcel M (2004) Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure. New Engl J Med 351(20):2049–2057CrossRefPubMed Taylor AL, Ziesche S, Yancy C, Carson P, D'Agostino R Jr, Ferdinand K, Taylor M, Adams K, Sabolinski M, Worcel M (2004) Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure. New Engl J Med 351(20):2049–2057CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Deja MA, Jain A, Sopko G, Marchenko A, Ali IS, Pohost G, Gradinac S, Abraham WT (2011) Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. New Engl J Med 364(17):1607–1616CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Deja MA, Jain A, Sopko G, Marchenko A, Ali IS, Pohost G, Gradinac S, Abraham WT (2011) Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. New Engl J Med 364(17):1607–1616CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
go back to reference Doshi D, Ben-Yehuda O, Bonafede M, Josephy N, Karmpaliotis D, Parikh MA, Moses JW, Stone GW, Leon MB, Schwartz A, Kirtane AJ (2016) Underutilization of coronary artery disease testing among patients hospitalized with new-onset heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 68(5):450–458. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.060 CrossRefPubMed Doshi D, Ben-Yehuda O, Bonafede M, Josephy N, Karmpaliotis D, Parikh MA, Moses JW, Stone GW, Leon MB, Schwartz A, Kirtane AJ (2016) Underutilization of coronary artery disease testing among patients hospitalized with new-onset heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 68(5):450–458. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2016.​05.​060 CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Parker MW, Iskandar A, Limone B, Perugini A, Kim H, Jones C, Calamari B, Coleman CI, Heller GV (2012) Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac positron emission tomography versus single photon emission computed tomography for coronary artery disease: a bivariate meta-analysis. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 5(6):700–707. doi:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.978270 Parker MW, Iskandar A, Limone B, Perugini A, Kim H, Jones C, Calamari B, Coleman CI, Heller GV (2012) Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac positron emission tomography versus single photon emission computed tomography for coronary artery disease: a bivariate meta-analysis. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 5(6):700–707. doi:10.​1161/​CIRCIMAGING.​112.​978270
21.
go back to reference Hachamovitch R, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Cohen I, Berman DS (2003) Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 107(23):2900–2907CrossRefPubMed Hachamovitch R, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Cohen I, Berman DS (2003) Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 107(23):2900–2907CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Lau J, Laforest R, Zheng J, Lesniak D, Priatna A, Gropler R, Woodard P (2014) 13N-ammonia PET/MR myocardial stress perfusion imaging early experience. J Nucl Med 55(supplement 1):242–242 Lau J, Laforest R, Zheng J, Lesniak D, Priatna A, Gropler R, Woodard P (2014) 13N-ammonia PET/MR myocardial stress perfusion imaging early experience. J Nucl Med 55(supplement 1):242–242
23.
go back to reference Durrani A, Lau J, Laforest R, Zheng J, Lesniak D, Priatna A, Gropler R, Woodard P (2016) 13N–ammonia PET/MR myocardial stress perfusion imaging early experience. In: Radiological Society of North America 2015 Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting. http://archive.rsna.org/2015/15012463.html Durrani A, Lau J, Laforest R, Zheng J, Lesniak D, Priatna A, Gropler R, Woodard P (2016) 13N–ammonia PET/MR myocardial stress perfusion imaging early experience. In: Radiological Society of North America 2015 Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting. http://​archive.​rsna.​org/​2015/​15012463.​html
24.
go back to reference Lipinski MJ, McVey CM, Berger JS, Kramer CM, Salerno M (2013) Prognostic value of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 62(9):826–838. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.080 CrossRefPubMed Lipinski MJ, McVey CM, Berger JS, Kramer CM, Salerno M (2013) Prognostic value of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 62(9):826–838. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2013.​03.​080 CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Gargiulo P, Dellegrottaglie S, Bruzzese D, Savarese G, Scala O, Ruggiero D, D'Amore C, Paolillo S, Agostoni P, Bossone E, Soricelli A, Cuocolo A, Trimarco B, Perrone Filardi P (2013) The prognostic value of normal stress cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6(4):574–582. doi:10.1161/circimaging.113.000035 CrossRefPubMed Gargiulo P, Dellegrottaglie S, Bruzzese D, Savarese G, Scala O, Ruggiero D, D'Amore C, Paolillo S, Agostoni P, Bossone E, Soricelli A, Cuocolo A, Trimarco B, Perrone Filardi P (2013) The prognostic value of normal stress cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6(4):574–582. doi:10.​1161/​circimaging.​113.​000035 CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Allman KC, Shaw LJ, Hachamovitch R, Udelson JE (2002) Myocardial viability testing and impact of revascularization on prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 39(7):1151–1158CrossRefPubMed Allman KC, Shaw LJ, Hachamovitch R, Udelson JE (2002) Myocardial viability testing and impact of revascularization on prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 39(7):1151–1158CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Beanlands RSB, Nichol G, Huszti E, Humen D, Racine N, Freeman M, Gulenchyn KY, Garrard L, deKemp R, Guo A, Ruddy TD, Benard F, Lamy A, Iwanochko RM (2007) F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging-assisted Management of Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Suspected Coronary Disease. A randomized, controlled trial (PARR-2). J Am Coll Cardiol 50(20):2002–2012. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.006 CrossRefPubMed Beanlands RSB, Nichol G, Huszti E, Humen D, Racine N, Freeman M, Gulenchyn KY, Garrard L, deKemp R, Guo A, Ruddy TD, Benard F, Lamy A, Iwanochko RM (2007) F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging-assisted Management of Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Suspected Coronary Disease. A randomized, controlled trial (PARR-2). J Am Coll Cardiol 50(20):2002–2012. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2007.​09.​006 CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference D'Egidio G, Nichol G, Williams KA, Guo A, Garrard L, deKemp R, Ruddy TD, DaSilva J, Humen D, Gulenchyn KY, Freeman M, Racine N, Benard F, Hendry P, Beanlands RSB (2009) Increasing benefit from revascularization is associated with increasing amounts of myocardial hibernation: a substudy of the PARR-2 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol Img 2(9):1060–1068. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.02.017 CrossRef D'Egidio G, Nichol G, Williams KA, Guo A, Garrard L, deKemp R, Ruddy TD, DaSilva J, Humen D, Gulenchyn KY, Freeman M, Racine N, Benard F, Hendry P, Beanlands RSB (2009) Increasing benefit from revascularization is associated with increasing amounts of myocardial hibernation: a substudy of the PARR-2 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol Img 2(9):1060–1068. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jcmg.​2009.​02.​017 CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Bonow RO, Maurer G, Lee KL, Holly TA, Binkley PF, Desvigne-Nickens P, Drozdz J, Farsky PS, Feldman AM, Doenst T (2011) Myocardial viability and survival in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. New Engl J Med 364(17):1617–1625CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bonow RO, Maurer G, Lee KL, Holly TA, Binkley PF, Desvigne-Nickens P, Drozdz J, Farsky PS, Feldman AM, Doenst T (2011) Myocardial viability and survival in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. New Engl J Med 364(17):1617–1625CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
go back to reference Srichai MB, Jaber WA (2013) Viability by MRI or PET would have changed the results of the STICH trial. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 55(5):487–493CrossRefPubMed Srichai MB, Jaber WA (2013) Viability by MRI or PET would have changed the results of the STICH trial. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 55(5):487–493CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Ling LF, Marwick TH, Flores DR, Jaber WA, Brunken RC, Cerqueira MD, Hachamovitch R (2013) Identification of therapeutic benefit from revascularization in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction inducible ischemia versus hibernating myocardium. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 6(3):363–372 Ling LF, Marwick TH, Flores DR, Jaber WA, Brunken RC, Cerqueira MD, Hachamovitch R (2013) Identification of therapeutic benefit from revascularization in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction inducible ischemia versus hibernating myocardium. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 6(3):363–372
32.
go back to reference Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A, Chen E-L, Parker MA, Simonetti O, Klocke FJ, Bonow RO, Judd RM (2000) The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. New Engl J Med 343(20):1445–1453CrossRefPubMed Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A, Chen E-L, Parker MA, Simonetti O, Klocke FJ, Bonow RO, Judd RM (2000) The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. New Engl J Med 343(20):1445–1453CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Klein C, Nekolla SG, Bengel FM, Momose M, Sammer A, Haas F, Schnackenburg B, Delius W, Mudra H, Wolfram D (2002) Assessment of myocardial viability with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging comparison with positron emission tomography. Circulation 105(2):162–167CrossRef Klein C, Nekolla SG, Bengel FM, Momose M, Sammer A, Haas F, Schnackenburg B, Delius W, Mudra H, Wolfram D (2002) Assessment of myocardial viability with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging comparison with positron emission tomography. Circulation 105(2):162–167CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Beanlands RS, Ruddy TD, Iwanochko RM, Coates G, Freeman M, Nahmias C, Hendry P, Burns RJ, Lamy A, Mickleborough L (2002) Positron emission tomography and recovery following revascularization (PARR-1): the importance of scar and the development of a prediction rule for the degree of recovery of left ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 40(10):1735–1743CrossRefPubMed Beanlands RS, Ruddy TD, Iwanochko RM, Coates G, Freeman M, Nahmias C, Hendry P, Burns RJ, Lamy A, Mickleborough L (2002) Positron emission tomography and recovery following revascularization (PARR-1): the importance of scar and the development of a prediction rule for the degree of recovery of left ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 40(10):1735–1743CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Romero J, Xue X, Gonzalez W, Garcia MJ (2012) CMR imaging assessing viability in patients with chronic ventricular dysfunction due to coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of prospective trials. J Am Coll Cardiol Img 5(5):494–508. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.02.009 CrossRef Romero J, Xue X, Gonzalez W, Garcia MJ (2012) CMR imaging assessing viability in patients with chronic ventricular dysfunction due to coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of prospective trials. J Am Coll Cardiol Img 5(5):494–508. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jcmg.​2012.​02.​009 CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Bulluck H, White SK, Frohlich GM, Casson SG, O'Meara C, Newton A, Nicholas J, Weale P, Wan SM, Sirker A, Moon JC, Yellon DM, Groves A, Menezes L, Hausenloy DJ (2016) Quantifying the area at risk in reperfused ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients using hybrid cardiac positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 9(3):e003900. doi:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003900 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bulluck H, White SK, Frohlich GM, Casson SG, O'Meara C, Newton A, Nicholas J, Weale P, Wan SM, Sirker A, Moon JC, Yellon DM, Groves A, Menezes L, Hausenloy DJ (2016) Quantifying the area at risk in reperfused ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients using hybrid cardiac positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 9(3):e003900. doi:10.​1161/​CIRCIMAGING.​115.​003900 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
go back to reference Rischpler C, Langwieser N, Souvatzoglou M, Batrice A, van Marwick S, Snajberk J, Ibrahim T, Laugwitz KL, Nekolla SG, Schwaiger M (2015) PET/MRI early after myocardial infarction: evaluation of viability with late gadolinium enhancement transmurality vs. 18F-FDG uptake. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 16(6):661–669. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeu317 PubMed Rischpler C, Langwieser N, Souvatzoglou M, Batrice A, van Marwick S, Snajberk J, Ibrahim T, Laugwitz KL, Nekolla SG, Schwaiger M (2015) PET/MRI early after myocardial infarction: evaluation of viability with late gadolinium enhancement transmurality vs. 18F-FDG uptake. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 16(6):661–669. doi:10.​1093/​ehjci/​jeu317 PubMed
38.
go back to reference Robson PM, Dweck MR, Trivieri MG, Abgral R, Karakatsanis NA, Contreras J, Gidwani U, Narula JP, Fuster V, Kovacic JC, Fayad ZA (2017) Coronary artery PET/MR imaging. Feasibility, Limitations, and Solutions. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.029 Robson PM, Dweck MR, Trivieri MG, Abgral R, Karakatsanis NA, Contreras J, Gidwani U, Narula JP, Fuster V, Kovacic JC, Fayad ZA (2017) Coronary artery PET/MR imaging. Feasibility, Limitations, and Solutions. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jcmg.​2016.​09.​029
40.
go back to reference Smedema JP, Snoep G, van Kroonenburgh MP, van Geuns RJ, Dassen WR, Gorgels AP, Crijns HJ (2005) Cardiac involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis assessed at two university medical centers in the Netherlands. Chest 128(1):30–35. doi:10.1378/chest.128.1.30 CrossRefPubMed Smedema JP, Snoep G, van Kroonenburgh MP, van Geuns RJ, Dassen WR, Gorgels AP, Crijns HJ (2005) Cardiac involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis assessed at two university medical centers in the Netherlands. Chest 128(1):30–35. doi:10.​1378/​chest.​128.​1.​30 CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Ishimaru S, Tsujino I, Takei T, Tsukamoto E, Sakaue S, Kamigaki M, Ito N, Ohira H, Ikeda D, Tamaki N, Nishimura M (2005) Focal uptake on 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography images indicates cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis. Eur Heart J 26(15):1538–1543. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi180 CrossRefPubMed Ishimaru S, Tsujino I, Takei T, Tsukamoto E, Sakaue S, Kamigaki M, Ito N, Ohira H, Ikeda D, Tamaki N, Nishimura M (2005) Focal uptake on 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography images indicates cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis. Eur Heart J 26(15):1538–1543. doi:10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehi180 CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Ohira H, Tsujino I, Ishimaru S, Oyama N, Takei T, Tsukamoto E, Miura M, Sakaue S, Tamaki N, Nishimura M (2008) Myocardial imaging with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in sarcoidosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 35(5):933–941. doi:10.1007/s00259-007-0650-8 CrossRefPubMed Ohira H, Tsujino I, Ishimaru S, Oyama N, Takei T, Tsukamoto E, Miura M, Sakaue S, Tamaki N, Nishimura M (2008) Myocardial imaging with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in sarcoidosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 35(5):933–941. doi:10.​1007/​s00259-007-0650-8 CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Schneider S, Batrice A, Rischpler C, Eiber M, Ibrahim T, Nekolla SG (2014) Utility of multimodal cardiac imaging with PET/MRI in cardiac sarcoidosis: implications for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Eur Heart J 35(5):312–312. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht335 CrossRefPubMed Schneider S, Batrice A, Rischpler C, Eiber M, Ibrahim T, Nekolla SG (2014) Utility of multimodal cardiac imaging with PET/MRI in cardiac sarcoidosis: implications for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Eur Heart J 35(5):312–312. doi:10.​1093/​eurheartj/​eht335 CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Wada K, Niitsuma T, Yamaki T, Masuda A, Ito H, Kubo H, Hara T, Takenoshita S, Takeishi Y (2016) Simultaneous cardiac imaging to detect inflammation and scar tissue with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI in cardiac sarcoidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 23(5):1180–1182. doi:10.1007/s12350-015-0348-4 CrossRefPubMed Wada K, Niitsuma T, Yamaki T, Masuda A, Ito H, Kubo H, Hara T, Takenoshita S, Takeishi Y (2016) Simultaneous cardiac imaging to detect inflammation and scar tissue with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI in cardiac sarcoidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 23(5):1180–1182. doi:10.​1007/​s12350-015-0348-4 CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Abgral R, Dweck MR, Trivieri MG, Robson PM, Karakatsanis N, Mani V, Padilla M, Miller M, Lala A, Sanz J, Narula J, Fuster V, Contreras J, Kovacic JC, Fayad ZA (2016) Clinical utility of combined FDG-PET/MR to assess myocardial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.029 Abgral R, Dweck MR, Trivieri MG, Robson PM, Karakatsanis N, Mani V, Padilla M, Miller M, Lala A, Sanz J, Narula J, Fuster V, Contreras J, Kovacic JC, Fayad ZA (2016) Clinical utility of combined FDG-PET/MR to assess myocardial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jcmg.​2016.​02.​029
50.
go back to reference Law WP, Wang WY, Moore PT, Mollee PN, Ng AC (2016) Cardiac amyloid imaging with 18F-florbetaben PET: a pilot study. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 57(11):1733–1739. doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.169870 CrossRef Law WP, Wang WY, Moore PT, Mollee PN, Ng AC (2016) Cardiac amyloid imaging with 18F-florbetaben PET: a pilot study. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 57(11):1733–1739. doi:10.​2967/​jnumed.​115.​169870 CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Fontana M, Pica S, Reant P, Abdel-Gadir A, Treibel TA, Banypersad SM, Maestrini V, Barcella W, Rosmini S, Bulluck H (2015) Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation:CIRCULATIONAHA. 115:016567 Fontana M, Pica S, Reant P, Abdel-Gadir A, Treibel TA, Banypersad SM, Maestrini V, Barcella W, Rosmini S, Bulluck H (2015) Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation:CIRCULATIONAHA. 115:016567
52.
go back to reference Gillmore JD, Maurer MS, Falk RH, Merlini G, Damy T, Dispenzieri A, Wechalekar AD, Berk JL, Quarta CC, Grogan M (2016) Non-biopsy diagnosis of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis. Circulation:CIRCULATIONAHA 116:021612 Gillmore JD, Maurer MS, Falk RH, Merlini G, Damy T, Dispenzieri A, Wechalekar AD, Berk JL, Quarta CC, Grogan M (2016) Non-biopsy diagnosis of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis. Circulation:CIRCULATIONAHA 116:021612
53.
go back to reference Rapezzi C, Quarta CC, Guidalotti PL, Pettinato C, Fanti S, Leone O, Ferlini A, Longhi S, Lorenzini M, Reggiani LB, Gagliardi C, Gallo P, Villani C, Salvi F (2011) Role of 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy in diagnosis and prognosis of hereditary transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol Img 4(6):659–670. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.03.016 CrossRef Rapezzi C, Quarta CC, Guidalotti PL, Pettinato C, Fanti S, Leone O, Ferlini A, Longhi S, Lorenzini M, Reggiani LB, Gagliardi C, Gallo P, Villani C, Salvi F (2011) Role of 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy in diagnosis and prognosis of hereditary transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol Img 4(6):659–670. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jcmg.​2011.​03.​016 CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Ihse E, Ybo A, Suhr O, Lindqvist P, Backman C, Westermark P (2008) Amyloid fibril composition is related to the phenotype of hereditary transthyretin V30M amyloidosis. J Pathol 216(2):253–261. doi:10.1002/path.2411 CrossRefPubMed Ihse E, Ybo A, Suhr O, Lindqvist P, Backman C, Westermark P (2008) Amyloid fibril composition is related to the phenotype of hereditary transthyretin V30M amyloidosis. J Pathol 216(2):253–261. doi:10.​1002/​path.​2411 CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Pilebro B, Arvidsson S, Lindqvist P, Sundstrom T, Westermark P, Antoni G, Suhr O, Sorensen J (2016) Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) for detection of amyloid heart deposits in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). J Nucl Cardiol. doi:10.1007/s12350-016-0638-5 PubMed Pilebro B, Arvidsson S, Lindqvist P, Sundstrom T, Westermark P, Antoni G, Suhr O, Sorensen J (2016) Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) for detection of amyloid heart deposits in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). J Nucl Cardiol. doi:10.​1007/​s12350-016-0638-5 PubMed
57.
go back to reference Lurz P, Eitel I, Adam J, Steiner J, Grothoff M, Desch S, Fuernau G, de Waha S, Sareban M, Luecke C (2012) Diagnostic performance of CMR imaging compared with EMB in patients with suspected myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol Img 5(5):513–524CrossRef Lurz P, Eitel I, Adam J, Steiner J, Grothoff M, Desch S, Fuernau G, de Waha S, Sareban M, Luecke C (2012) Diagnostic performance of CMR imaging compared with EMB in patients with suspected myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol Img 5(5):513–524CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Lurz P, Luecke C, Eitel I, Fohrenbach F, Frank C, Grothoff M, de Waha S, Rommel KP, Lurz JA, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Schuler G, Thiele H, Gutberlet M (2016) Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected myocarditis: the MyoRacer-trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 67(15):1800–1811. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.013 CrossRefPubMed Lurz P, Luecke C, Eitel I, Fohrenbach F, Frank C, Grothoff M, de Waha S, Rommel KP, Lurz JA, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Schuler G, Thiele H, Gutberlet M (2016) Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected myocarditis: the MyoRacer-trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 67(15):1800–1811. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2016.​02.​013 CrossRefPubMed
59.
61.
go back to reference Patel MR, Cecchi F, Cizmarik M, Kantola I, Linhart A, Nicholls K, Strotmann J, Tallaj J, Tran TC, West ML, Beitner-Johnson D, Abiose A (2011) Cardiovascular events in patients with fabry disease natural history data from the fabry registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 57(9):1093–1099. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.018 CrossRefPubMed Patel MR, Cecchi F, Cizmarik M, Kantola I, Linhart A, Nicholls K, Strotmann J, Tallaj J, Tran TC, West ML, Beitner-Johnson D, Abiose A (2011) Cardiovascular events in patients with fabry disease natural history data from the fabry registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 57(9):1093–1099. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2010.​11.​018 CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Imbriaco M, Pisani A, Spinelli L, Cuocolo A, Messalli G, Capuano E, Marmo M, Liuzzi R, Visciano B, Cianciaruso B, Salvatore M (2009) Effects of enzyme-replacement therapy in patients with Anderson-fabry disease: a prospective long-term cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study. Heart 95(13):1103–1107. doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.162800 CrossRefPubMed Imbriaco M, Pisani A, Spinelli L, Cuocolo A, Messalli G, Capuano E, Marmo M, Liuzzi R, Visciano B, Cianciaruso B, Salvatore M (2009) Effects of enzyme-replacement therapy in patients with Anderson-fabry disease: a prospective long-term cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study. Heart 95(13):1103–1107. doi:10.​1136/​hrt.​2008.​162800 CrossRefPubMed
63.
64.
go back to reference Weidemann F, Niemann M, Breunig F, Herrmann S, Beer M, Stork S, Voelker W, Ertl G, Wanner C, Strotmann J (2009) Long-term effects of enzyme replacement therapy on fabry cardiomyopathy: evidence for a better outcome with early treatment. Circulation 119(4):524–529. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.794529 CrossRefPubMed Weidemann F, Niemann M, Breunig F, Herrmann S, Beer M, Stork S, Voelker W, Ertl G, Wanner C, Strotmann J (2009) Long-term effects of enzyme replacement therapy on fabry cardiomyopathy: evidence for a better outcome with early treatment. Circulation 119(4):524–529. doi:10.​1161/​circulationaha.​108.​794529 CrossRefPubMed
65.
go back to reference Nappi C, Altiero M, Imbriaco M, Nicolai E, Giudice CA, Aiello M, Diomiaiuti CT, Pisani A, Spinelli L, Cuocolo A (2015) First experience of simultaneous PET/MRI for the early detection of cardiac involvement in patients with Anderson-fabry disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 42(7):1025–1031. doi:10.1007/s00259-015-3036-3 CrossRefPubMed Nappi C, Altiero M, Imbriaco M, Nicolai E, Giudice CA, Aiello M, Diomiaiuti CT, Pisani A, Spinelli L, Cuocolo A (2015) First experience of simultaneous PET/MRI for the early detection of cardiac involvement in patients with Anderson-fabry disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 42(7):1025–1031. doi:10.​1007/​s00259-015-3036-3 CrossRefPubMed
66.
go back to reference Jacobson AF, Senior R, Cerqueira MD, Wong ND, Thomas GS, Lopez VA, Agostini D, Weiland F, Chandna H, Narula J (2010) Myocardial iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging and cardiac events in heart failure: results of the prospective ADMIRE-HF (AdreView myocardial imaging for risk evaluation in heart failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 55(20):2212–2221CrossRefPubMed Jacobson AF, Senior R, Cerqueira MD, Wong ND, Thomas GS, Lopez VA, Agostini D, Weiland F, Chandna H, Narula J (2010) Myocardial iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging and cardiac events in heart failure: results of the prospective ADMIRE-HF (AdreView myocardial imaging for risk evaluation in heart failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 55(20):2212–2221CrossRefPubMed
67.
go back to reference Hartmann F, Ziegler S, Nekolla S, Hadamitzky M, Seyfarth M, Richardt G, Schwaiger M (1999) Regional patterns of myocardial sympathetic denervation in dilated cardiomyopathy: an analysis using carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine and positron emission tomography. Heart 81(3):262–270CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hartmann F, Ziegler S, Nekolla S, Hadamitzky M, Seyfarth M, Richardt G, Schwaiger M (1999) Regional patterns of myocardial sympathetic denervation in dilated cardiomyopathy: an analysis using carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine and positron emission tomography. Heart 81(3):262–270CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
68.
go back to reference Matsunari I, Aoki H, Nomura Y, Takeda N, Chen W-P, Taki J, Nakajima K, Nekolla SG, Kinuya S, Kajinami K (2010) Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging and carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine positron emission tomography compared in patients with left ventricular DysfunctionClinical perspective. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 3(5):595–603 Matsunari I, Aoki H, Nomura Y, Takeda N, Chen W-P, Taki J, Nakajima K, Nekolla SG, Kinuya S, Kajinami K (2010) Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging and carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine positron emission tomography compared in patients with left ventricular DysfunctionClinical perspective. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 3(5):595–603
69.
go back to reference Fallavollita JA, Heavey BM, Luisi AJ Jr, Michalek SM, Baldwa S, Mashtare TL Jr, Hutson AD, deKemp RA, Haka MS, Sajjad M, Cimato TR, Curtis AB, Cain ME, Canty JM Jr (2014) Regional myocardial sympathetic denervation predicts the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 63(2):141–149. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.096 CrossRefPubMed Fallavollita JA, Heavey BM, Luisi AJ Jr, Michalek SM, Baldwa S, Mashtare TL Jr, Hutson AD, deKemp RA, Haka MS, Sajjad M, Cimato TR, Curtis AB, Cain ME, Canty JM Jr (2014) Regional myocardial sympathetic denervation predicts the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 63(2):141–149. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2013.​07.​096 CrossRefPubMed
70.
go back to reference de Haan S, Rijnierse MT, Harms HJ, Verberne HJ, Lammertsma AA, Huisman MC, Windhorst AD, van Rossum AC, Allaart CP, Knaapen P (2016) Myocardial denervation coincides with scar heterogeneity in ischemic cardiomyopathy: a PET and CMR study. J Nucl Cardiol 23(6):1480–1488. doi:10.1007/s12350-015-0316-z CrossRefPubMed de Haan S, Rijnierse MT, Harms HJ, Verberne HJ, Lammertsma AA, Huisman MC, Windhorst AD, van Rossum AC, Allaart CP, Knaapen P (2016) Myocardial denervation coincides with scar heterogeneity in ischemic cardiomyopathy: a PET and CMR study. J Nucl Cardiol 23(6):1480–1488. doi:10.​1007/​s12350-015-0316-z CrossRefPubMed
71.
go back to reference Sinusas AJ, Lazewatsky J, Brunetti J, Heller G, Srivastava A, Liu YH, Sparks R, Puretskiy A, Lin SF, Crane P, Carson RE, Lee LV (2014) Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of LMI1195: first-in-human study of a novel 18F-labeled tracer for imaging myocardial innervation. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 55(9):1445–1451. doi:10.2967/jnumed.114.140137 CrossRef Sinusas AJ, Lazewatsky J, Brunetti J, Heller G, Srivastava A, Liu YH, Sparks R, Puretskiy A, Lin SF, Crane P, Carson RE, Lee LV (2014) Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of LMI1195: first-in-human study of a novel 18F-labeled tracer for imaging myocardial innervation. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 55(9):1445–1451. doi:10.​2967/​jnumed.​114.​140137 CrossRef
73.
go back to reference Taylor M, Wallhaus TR, Degrado TR, Russell DC, Stanko P, Nickles RJ, Stone CK (2001) An evaluation of myocardial fatty acid and glucose uptake using PET with [18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid and [18F]FDG in patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 42(1):55–62 Taylor M, Wallhaus TR, Degrado TR, Russell DC, Stanko P, Nickles RJ, Stone CK (2001) An evaluation of myocardial fatty acid and glucose uptake using PET with [18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid and [18F]FDG in patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 42(1):55–62
74.
go back to reference Schroeder MA, Lau AZ, Chen AP, Gu Y, Nagendran J, Barry J, Hu X, Dyck JR, Tyler DJ, Clarke K (2013) Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance reveals early-and late-onset changes to in vivo pyruvate metabolism in the failing heart. Eur J Heart Fail 15(2):130–140CrossRefPubMed Schroeder MA, Lau AZ, Chen AP, Gu Y, Nagendran J, Barry J, Hu X, Dyck JR, Tyler DJ, Clarke K (2013) Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance reveals early-and late-onset changes to in vivo pyruvate metabolism in the failing heart. Eur J Heart Fail 15(2):130–140CrossRefPubMed
76.
go back to reference Kietselaer BL, Reutelingsperger CP, Boersma HH, Heidendal GA, Liem H, Crijns HJ, Narula J, Hofstra L (2007) Noninvasive detection of programmed cell loss with 99mTc-labeled annexin A5 in heart failure. J Nucl Med 48(4):562–567CrossRefPubMed Kietselaer BL, Reutelingsperger CP, Boersma HH, Heidendal GA, Liem H, Crijns HJ, Narula J, Hofstra L (2007) Noninvasive detection of programmed cell loss with 99mTc-labeled annexin A5 in heart failure. J Nucl Med 48(4):562–567CrossRefPubMed
77.
go back to reference Grierson JR, Yagle KJ, Eary JF, Tait JF, Gibson DF, Lewellen B, Link JM, Krohn KA (2004) Production of [F-18] fluoroannexin for imaging apoptosis with PET. Bioconjug Chem 15(2):373–379CrossRefPubMed Grierson JR, Yagle KJ, Eary JF, Tait JF, Gibson DF, Lewellen B, Link JM, Krohn KA (2004) Production of [F-18] fluoroannexin for imaging apoptosis with PET. Bioconjug Chem 15(2):373–379CrossRefPubMed
78.
go back to reference Sosnovik DE, Schellenberger EA, Nahrendorf M, Novikov MS, Matsui T, Dai G, Reynolds F, Grazette L, Rosenzweig A, Weissleder R, Josephson L (2005) Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiomyocyte apoptosis with a novel magneto-optical nanoparticle. Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 54(3):718–724. doi:10.1002/mrm.20617 CrossRef Sosnovik DE, Schellenberger EA, Nahrendorf M, Novikov MS, Matsui T, Dai G, Reynolds F, Grazette L, Rosenzweig A, Weissleder R, Josephson L (2005) Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiomyocyte apoptosis with a novel magneto-optical nanoparticle. Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 54(3):718–724. doi:10.​1002/​mrm.​20617 CrossRef
79.
go back to reference Mukherjee R, Herron AR, Lowry AS, Stroud RE, Stroud MR, Wharton JM, Ikonomidis JS, Crumbley AJ 3rd, Spinale FG, Gold MR (2006) Selective induction of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in atrial and ventricular myocardium in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 97(4):532–537. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.08.073 CrossRefPubMed Mukherjee R, Herron AR, Lowry AS, Stroud RE, Stroud MR, Wharton JM, Ikonomidis JS, Crumbley AJ 3rd, Spinale FG, Gold MR (2006) Selective induction of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in atrial and ventricular myocardium in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 97(4):532–537. doi:10.​1016/​j.​amjcard.​2005.​08.​073 CrossRefPubMed
80.
go back to reference Kallergis EM, Manios EG, Kanoupakis EM, Mavrakis HE, Arfanakis DA, Maliaraki NE, Lathourakis CE, Chlouverakis GI, Vardas PE (2008) Extracellular matrix alterations in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: biochemical assessment of collagen type-I turnover. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(3):211–215. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.03.045 CrossRefPubMed Kallergis EM, Manios EG, Kanoupakis EM, Mavrakis HE, Arfanakis DA, Maliaraki NE, Lathourakis CE, Chlouverakis GI, Vardas PE (2008) Extracellular matrix alterations in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: biochemical assessment of collagen type-I turnover. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(3):211–215. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2008.​03.​045 CrossRefPubMed
81.
go back to reference Sahul ZH, Mukherjee R, Song J, McAteer J, Stroud RE, Dione DP, Staib L, Papademetris X, Dobrucki LW, Duncan JS, Spinale FG, Sinusas AJ (2011) Targeted imaging of the spatial and temporal variation of matrix metalloproteinase activity in a porcine model of postinfarct remodeling: relationship to myocardial dysfunction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 4(4):381–391. doi:10.1161/circimaging.110.961854 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sahul ZH, Mukherjee R, Song J, McAteer J, Stroud RE, Dione DP, Staib L, Papademetris X, Dobrucki LW, Duncan JS, Spinale FG, Sinusas AJ (2011) Targeted imaging of the spatial and temporal variation of matrix metalloproteinase activity in a porcine model of postinfarct remodeling: relationship to myocardial dysfunction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 4(4):381–391. doi:10.​1161/​circimaging.​110.​961854 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
82.
go back to reference Jenkins WS, Vesey AT, Stirrat C, Connell M, Lucatelli C, Neale A, Moles C, Vickers A, Fletcher A, Pawade T, Wilson I, Rudd JH, van Beek EJ, Mirsadraee S, Dweck MR, Newby DE (2016) Cardiac alphaVbeta3 integrin expression following acute myocardial infarction in humans. Heart. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310115 PubMed Jenkins WS, Vesey AT, Stirrat C, Connell M, Lucatelli C, Neale A, Moles C, Vickers A, Fletcher A, Pawade T, Wilson I, Rudd JH, van Beek EJ, Mirsadraee S, Dweck MR, Newby DE (2016) Cardiac alphaVbeta3 integrin expression following acute myocardial infarction in humans. Heart. doi:10.​1136/​heartjnl-2016-310115 PubMed
83.
go back to reference Martinez-Moller A, Souvatzoglou M, Delso G, Bundschuh RA, Chefd'hotel C, Ziegler SI, Navab N, Schwaiger M, Nekolla SG (2009) Tissue classification as a potential approach for attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MRI: evaluation with PET/CT data. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 50(4):520–526. doi:10.2967/jnumed.108.054726 CrossRef Martinez-Moller A, Souvatzoglou M, Delso G, Bundschuh RA, Chefd'hotel C, Ziegler SI, Navab N, Schwaiger M, Nekolla SG (2009) Tissue classification as a potential approach for attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MRI: evaluation with PET/CT data. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 50(4):520–526. doi:10.​2967/​jnumed.​108.​054726 CrossRef
Metadata
Title
PET-CMR in heart failure - synergistic or redundant imaging?
Authors
Michael A. Quail
Albert J. Sinusas
Publication date
01-07-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Heart Failure Reviews / Issue 4/2017
Print ISSN: 1382-4147
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7322
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-017-9607-6

Other articles of this Issue 4/2017

Heart Failure Reviews 4/2017 Go to the issue