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Published in:

01-07-2016

Tissue thyroid hormones and thyronamines

Authors: Alice Accorroni, Federica Saponaro, Riccardo Zucchi

Published in: Heart Failure Reviews | Issue 4/2016

Abstract

It has been known for a long time that changes in cardiac function are a major component of the clinical presentation of thyroid disease. Increased heart rate and hyperdynamic circulation are hallmarks of hyperthyroidism, while bradycardia and decreased contractility characterize hypothyroidism. Recent findings have provided novel insights in the physiology and pathophysiology of heart regulation by thyroid hormones. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on thyroxine (T₄) transport and metabolism and on the biochemical pathways leading to genomic and non-genomic effects produced by 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T₃) and by its active metabolites, particularly 3,5-diiodothyronine (T₂) and 3-iodothyronamine (T₁AM). On this basis, specific issues of special interest for cardiology are discussed, namely (1) relevance of the regulation of proteins involved in the control of calcium homeostasis and in pacemaker cell activity, due to non-genomic as well as to classical genomic effects; (2) stimulation of fatty acid oxidation by T₂ and T₁AM, the latter also causing a negative inotropic and chronotropic action at micromolar concentrations; (3) induction of D3 deiodinase in heart failure, potentially causing selective cardiac hypothyroidism, whose clinical implications are still controversial; and (4) cardioprotective effect of T₁AM, possibly occurring at physiological concentrations, and relevance of T₃ and of thyroid hormone receptor α₁ in post-infarction repair.

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Title: Tissue thyroid hormones and thyronamines
Authors: Alice Accorroni
Federica Saponaro
Riccardo Zucchi
Publication date: 01-07-2016
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Heart Failure Reviews / Issue 4/2016
Print ISSN: 1382-4147
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7322
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-016-9553-8

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Tissue thyroid hormones and thyronamines

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