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European Journal of Epidemiology
Published in: European Journal of Epidemiology 7/2008

01-07-2008 | CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Occupational social class, risk factors and cardiovascular disease incidence in men and women: a prospective study in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort

Authors: Emily McFadden, Robert Luben, Nicholas Wareham, Sheila Bingham, Kay-Tee Khaw

Published in: European Journal of Epidemiology | Issue 7/2008

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Abstract

Objectives To investigate the association between occupational social class and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, and the extent to which classical and lifestyle risk factors explain such relationships, and if any differences persist after 65 years of age. Design, Setting and Participants Prospective population study of 22,478 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality to 2006. Main results In both men and women an inverse relationship was observed between social class and CVD incidence, with a relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.90 in men (95% CI 1.47 to 2.47, P < 0.001) and 1.90 in women (95% CI 1.45 to 2.49, P < 0.001). Adjusting for classical and lifestyle risk factors (age, smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, history of diabetes, physical activity, weekly alcohol intake and plasma vitamin C levels) had little effect in men; the relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.70 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.22, P < 0.001), while there was some attenuation seen in women, relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.56 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.05, P = 0.011). The association persisted in men and women aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Some but not all of the socioeconomic differential in CVD incidence can be explained by potentially modifiable classical and lifestyle risk factors. Low social class remains a risk factor for CVD after age 65 years. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.
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Metadata
Title
Occupational social class, risk factors and cardiovascular disease incidence in men and women: a prospective study in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort
Authors
Emily McFadden
Robert Luben
Nicholas Wareham
Sheila Bingham
Kay-Tee Khaw
Publication date
01-07-2008
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
European Journal of Epidemiology / Issue 7/2008
Print ISSN: 0393-2990
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7284
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-008-9262-2

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