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Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 2/2011

01-06-2011 | NON-THEMATIC REVIEW

The heparanase system and tumor metastasis: is heparanase the seed and soil?

Authors: Gil Arvatz, Itay Shafat, Flonia Levy-Adam, Neta Ilan, Israel Vlodavsky

Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews | Issue 2/2011

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Abstract

Tumor metastasis, the leading cause of cancer patients’ death, is still insufficiently understood. While concepts and mechanisms of tumor metastasis are evolving, it is widely accepted that cancer metastasis is accompanied by orchestrated proteolytic activity executed by array of proteases. While matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) attracted much attention, other proteases constitute the tumor milieu, of which a large family consists of cysteine proteases named cathepsins. Like MMPs, some cathepsins are often upregulated in cancer and, once secreted or localized to the cell surface, can degrade components of the extracellular matrix. In addition, cathepsin L is held responsible for processing and activation of heparanase, an endo-β-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate side chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, activity that is strongly implicated in cell dissemination associated with tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent progress in heparanase research focusing on heparanase-related molecules namely, cathepsin L and heparanase 2 (Hpa2), a heparanase homolog.
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Metadata
Title
The heparanase system and tumor metastasis: is heparanase the seed and soil?
Authors
Gil Arvatz
Itay Shafat
Flonia Levy-Adam
Neta Ilan
Israel Vlodavsky
Publication date
01-06-2011
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews / Issue 2/2011
Print ISSN: 0167-7659
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-011-9288-x

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