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AIDS and Behavior
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 1/2019

Open Access 01-01-2019 | Substantive Review

Factors Associated with Sexual Risks and Risk of STIs, HIV and Other Blood-Borne Viruses Among Women Using Heroin and Other Drugs: A Systematic Literature Review

Authors: L. Medina-Perucha, H. Family, J. Scott, S. Chapman, C. Dack

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

This systematic literature review identified factors associated with sexual risks related to sexually transmitted infections (STI), HIV and other blood-borne viruses (BBV) among women using heroin and other drugs. The search strategy included five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycNET, Web of Science, Scopus), and PsycEXTRA for grey literature. Out of the 12,135 publications screened, 30 peer-reviewed articles were included. Most publications were cross-sectional (n = 25), quantitative (n = 23) and included 11,305 women. Factors identified were: (1) socio-demographics; (2) gender roles and violence against women; (3) substance use; (4) transactional sex; (5) partner characteristics, partner’s drug use, and context of sex; (6) preferences, negotiation and availability of condoms; (7) HIV status and STIs; (8) number of sexual partners; (9) love and trust; (10) reproductive health and motherhood; and (11) risk awareness and perception of control. Overall, this review highlights important implications for future research and practice, and provides evidence for developing STI/BBV preventive strategies.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
Sexual risks were defined to be women’s engagement in sexual risk practices (e.g., condomless sex), or the exposure to situations in which women were vulnerable to sexual health risks (e.g., sexual violence).
 
2
The term transactional sex is used in this review to define the exchange of sex for money and/or goods, including drugs. As cited by McMillan et al. “(…) the terminology of transactional sex is employed to indicate that particular people who exchange sex for payment would be misrepresented or unnecessarily stigmatized by categorization as prostitutes or sex workers. A need for differentiation from sex work has been asserted on the grounds that the sexual transactions are a financial necessity and a desperate measure, or are opportunistic and temporary responses to limited income options, or that they are non-commercial as the exchange enacts symbolic rather than financial functions. (…)” [79].
 
3
Not using condoms for all sexual encounters throughout the whole sexual act, or for any sexual activity.
 
4
Sexual and/or romantic relationship that is maintained over time.
 
5
Using condoms for all sexual encounters throughout the whole sexual act, or for any sexual activity.
 
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Metadata
Title
Factors Associated with Sexual Risks and Risk of STIs, HIV and Other Blood-Borne Viruses Among Women Using Heroin and Other Drugs: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors
L. Medina-Perucha
H. Family
J. Scott
S. Chapman
C. Dack
Publication date
01-01-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2238-7

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