Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
AIDS and Behavior
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 11/2017

01-11-2017 | Original Paper

Predictors of Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth Among People Living with HIV: A Longitudinal Study

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 11/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

This longitudinal study investigated the predictors of HIV-related resilience (HR) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among Spanish-speaking HIV-positive people. Perceived past resilience, internalised stigma, and coping strategies were hypothesised as possible predictors. Data were collected at two time points from 119 HIV-positive people. Path analyses with latent variables revealed that half of HR 8 months after diagnosis was predicted by rumination, emotional expression, positive thinking, internalised stigma, and perceived past resilience. The latter three, along with isolation, self-blame, thinking avoidance, and help seeking predicted some PTG dimensions 8 months after diagnosis. The results highlight the importance of internalised stigma associated with HIV infection and of the differential use of coping strategies, and point to the need for clinicians and policy makers to implement stigma reduction and appropriate coping strategies interventions.
Literature
1.
Nightingale VR, Sher TG, Hansen NB. The impact of receiving an HIV diagnosis and cognitive processing on psychological distress and posttraumatic growth. J Trauma Stress. 2010;23(4):452–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
2.
Murphy PJ, Hevey D. The relationship between internalised HIV-related stigma and posttraumatic growth. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1809–18.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Moskowitz JT, Hult JR, Bussolari C, Acree M. What works in coping with HIV? A meta-analysis with implications for coping with serious illness. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(1):121–41.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Theuninck AC, Lake N, Gibson S. HIV-related posttraumatic stress disorder: investigating the traumatic events. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2010;24(8):485–91.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Martin L, Kagee A. Lifetime and HIV-related PTSD among persons recently diagnosed with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(1):125–31.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Holzemer WL, Human S, Arudo J, Rosa ME, Hamilton MJ, Corless I, et al. Exploring HIV stigma and quality of life for persons living with HIV infection. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2009;20(3):161–8.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. The posttraumatic growth inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma. J Trauma Stress. 1996;9(3):455–71.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Vera Poseck B, Carbelo Baquero B, Vecina Jiménez ML. La experiencia traumática desde la psicología positiva: resiliencia y crecimiento post-traumático. Papeles del psicólogo. 2006;27(1):40–9.
9.
Milam JE. Posttraumatic growth among HIV/AIDS patients. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2004;34(11):2353–76.CrossRef
10.
Willie TC, Overstreet NM, Peasant C, Kershaw T, Sikkema KJ, Hansen NB. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among people living with HIV and childhood sexual abuse: the role of shame and posttraumatic growth. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(8):1609–20.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
11.
Dale S, Cohen M, Weber K, Cruise R, Kelso G, Brody L. Abuse and resilience in relation to HAART medication adherence and HIV viral load among women with HIV in the United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2014;28(3):136–43.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
Bonanno GA. Resilience in the face of potential trauma. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2005;14(3):135–8.CrossRef
13.
Luthar SS. Resilience in development: a synthesis of research across five decades. In: Cicchetti D, Cohen DJ, editors. Developmental psychopathology, Risk, disorder, and adaptation. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2006. p. 739–95.
14.
15.
16.
De Santis JP, Florom-Smith A, Vermeesch A, Barroso S, DeLeon DA. Motivation, management, and mastery a theory of resilience in the context of HIV infection. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2013;19(1):36–46.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Bletzer KV. Identity and resilience among persons with HIV: a rural African American experience. Qual Health Res. 2007;17(2):162–75.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Poindexter C, Shippy RA. Networks of older New Yorkers with HIV: fragility, resilience, and transformation. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008;22(9):723–33.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Rabkin JG, Remien R, Katoff L, Williams JB. Resilience in adversity among long-term survivors of AIDS. Hosp Commun Psychiat. 1993;44(2):162–7.
20.
Hooberman J, Rosenfeld B, Rasmussen A, Keller A. Resilience in trauma-exposed refugees: the moderating effect of coping style on resilience variables. Am J Orthopsychiatr. 2010;80(4):557–63.CrossRef
21.
Westphal M, Bonanno GA. Posttraumatic growth and resilience to trauma: different sides of the same coin or different coins? Appl Psychol. 2007;56(3):417–27.CrossRef
22.
Yu Y, Peng L, Chen L, Long L, He W, Li M, et al. Resilience and social support promote posttraumatic growth of women with infertility: the mediating role of positive coping. Psychiatr Res. 2014;215(2):401–5.CrossRef
23.
24.
Kang J, Suh EE. The influence of stress, spousal support, and resilience on the ways of coping among women with breast cancer. Asian Oncol Nurs. 2015;15(1):1–8.CrossRef
25.
Calhoun LG, Cann A, Tedeschi RG, McMillan J. Traumatic events and generational differences in assumptions about a just world. J Soc Psychol. 1998;138(6):789–91.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Sawyer A, Ayers S, Field AP. Posttraumatic growth and adjustment among individuals with cancer or HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30(4):436–47.PubMedCrossRef
27.
28.
Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer; 1984. p. 456.
29.
Roesch SC, Weiner B. A meta-analytic review of coping with illness: do causal attributions matter? J Psychosom Res. 2001;50(4):205–19.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Stewart DE, Yuen T. A systematic review of resilience in the physically Ill. Psychosomatics. 2011;52(3):199–209.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Fumaz CR, Ayestaran A, Perez-Alvarez N, Muñoz-Moreno JA, Moltó J, Ferrer MJ, et al. Resilience, ageing, and quality of life in long-term diagnosed HIV-infected patients. AIDS Care. 2015;27(11):1396–403.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Steinhardt M, Dolbier C. Evaluation of a resilience intervention to enhance coping strategies and protective factors and decrease symptomatology. J Am Coll Heal. 2008;56(4):445–53.CrossRef
33.
Molina Y, Yi JC, Martinez-Gutierrez J, Reding KW, Yi-Frazier JP, Rosenberg AR. Resilience among patients across the cancer continuum: diverse perspectives. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2014;18(1):93–101.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Gloria CT, Steinhardt MA. Relationships among positive emotions, coping, resilience and mental health. Stress Heal. 2016;32(2):145–56.CrossRef
35.
36.
Phillips KD, Moneyham L, Tavakoli A. Development of an instrument to measure internalized stigma in those with HIV/AIDS. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2011;32(6):359–66.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Singh D, Kumar B, Mukhopadhyay A, Singh A. Internalised stigma and quality of life in people living with HIV. J Indian Heal Psychol. 2014;9(1):1–9.
38.
Paudel V, Baral KP. Women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA), battling stigma, discrimination and denial and the role of support groups as a coping strategy: a review of literature. Reprod Health. 2015;12:53.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Kingori C, Reece M, Obeng S, Murray M, Shacham E, Dodge B, et al. Psychometric evaluation of a cross-culturally adapted felt stigma questionnaire among people living with HIV in Kenya. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2013;27(8):481–8.PubMedCrossRef
40.
41.
Brouard P, Wills C. A closer look: the internalization of stigma related to HIV. Washington: United States Agency for International Development (USAID); 2006.
42.
Topolovec-Vranic J, Natarajan K. The use of social media in recruitment for medical research studies: a scoping review. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(11):e286.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
Yuan P, Bare MG, Johnson MO, Saberi P. Using online social media for recruitment of human immunodeficiency virus-positive participants: a cross-sectional survey. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(5):e117.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Martinez O, Wu E, Shultz AZ, Capote J, López Rios J, Sandfort T, et al. Still a hard-to-reach population? Using social media to recruit Latino gay couples for an HIV intervention adaptation study. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(4):e113.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Hernansaiz-Garrido H, Rodríguez-Rey R, Alonso-Tapia J, Ruiz-Díaz MÁ, Nieto-Vizcaíno C. Resilience assessment: importance of identifying the person-situation interaction. Eur Heal Psychol. 2014;16:482.
46.
Hernansaiz-Garrido H, Alonso-Tapia J. Internalized HIV stigma and disclosure concerns: development and validation of two scales in Spanish-speaking populations. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(1):93–105.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Alonso-Tapia J, Rodríguez-Rey R, Garrido-Hernansaiz H, Ruiz M, Nieto C. Coping assessment from the perspective of the person-situation interaction: development and validation of the situated coping questionnaire for adults (SCQA). Psicothema. 2016;28(4):479–86.PubMed
48.
Weiss T, Berger R. Reliability and validity of a Spanish version of the posttraumatic growth inventory. Res Soc Work Pract. 2006;16(2):191–9.CrossRef
49.
50.
Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 4th ed. New York: Guilford; 2015.
51.
Li C-H. Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behav Res Methods. 2016;48(3):936–49.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate data analysis. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson-Prentice Hall; 2010.
53.
Muthén LK, Muthén BO. Mplus user’s guide. 7th ed. Los Ángeles: Muthén & Muthén; 2012.
54.
Hungerbuehler I, Vollrath ME, Landolt MA. Posttraumatic growth in mothers and fathers of children with severe illnesses. J Health Psychol. 2011;16(8):1259–67.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Lee RS, Kochman A, Sikkema KJ. Internalized stigma among people living with HIV-AIDS. AIDS Behav. 2002;6(4):309–19.CrossRef
56.
Janoff-Bulman R. Posttraumatic growth: three explanatory models. Psychol Inq. 2004;15(1):30–4.
57.
Nakagawa F, May M, Phillips A. Life expectancy living with HIV: recent estimates and future implications. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013;26(1):17–25.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(6):1038–46.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Graham JR, West LM, Roemer L. The experience of racism and anxiety symptoms in an African-American sample: moderating effects of trait mindfulness. Mindfulness. 2013;4(4):332–41.CrossRef
60.
Masuda A, Anderson PL, Sheehan ST. Mindfulness and Mental Health Among African American College Students. J Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2009;14(3):115–27.
Metadata
Title
Predictors of Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth Among People Living with HIV: A Longitudinal Study
Publication date
01-11-2017
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 11/2017
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1870-y

Other articles of this Issue 11/2017

AIDS and Behavior 11/2017 Go to the issue

Original Paper

HIV Provider Documentation and Actions Following Patient Reports of At-risk Behaviors and Conditions When Identified by a Web-Based Point-of-Care Assessment

Original Paper

The Technology Acceptance Model for Resource-Limited Settings (TAM-RLS): A Novel Framework for Mobile Health Interventions Targeted to Low-Literacy End-Users in Resource-Limited Settings

Original Paper

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an Integrated In-person and Mobile Phone Delivered Counseling and Text Messaging Intervention to Reduce HIV Transmission Risk among Male Sex Workers in Chennai, India

Original Paper

Sociodemographic Differences in Clients Preferring Video-Call Over In-person Interview: A Pilot Study of HIV Tele-partner Services

Original Paper

Impact of Sexual Trauma on HIV Care Engagement: Perspectives of Female Patients with Trauma Histories in Cape Town, South Africa

Original Paper

Telephone-Delivered Mindfulness Training for People Living with HIV: A Qualitative 360° Inquiry

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits