Skip to main content
Top
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 11/2016

01-11-2016 | Original Paper

Circumcision Status and Time to Sexual Debut Among Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Six Demographic and Health Surveys

Authors: Joseph Kangmennaang, Lydia Osei, Paul Mkandawire, Isaac Luginaah

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 11/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between circumcision status and timing of sexual debut among unmarried youth in Sub-Saharan Africa using Demographic and Health Surveys. Results from survival analysis indicate that the association between circumcision and timing of first sex is place and context specific. Compared to uncircumcised, circumcised men in Rwanda, Uganda and Namibia hasten sexual initiation, whilst circumcised youth in Ethiopia and Mali delayed sex initiation. In Togo however, we found parity in timing to sexual debut. Our multivariate results reveal that, knowledge of HIV/AIDS risk and educational level also feed into the association between circumcision and timing of sex initiation- implying that efforts to prevent new HIV infection through circumcision could benefit from a proper understanding of how diverse set of factors interact in specific contexts to shape youth’s decisions to initiate early sex.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Michielsen K, Chersich MF, Luchters S, De Koker P, Van Rossem R, Temmerman M. Effectiveness of HIV prevention for youth in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized trials. AIDS. 2010;24:1193–202.CrossRefPubMed Michielsen K, Chersich MF, Luchters S, De Koker P, Van Rossem R, Temmerman M. Effectiveness of HIV prevention for youth in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized trials. AIDS. 2010;24:1193–202.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Akwara PA, Madise NJ, Hinde A. Perception of risk of HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour in Kenya. J. Biosoc. Sci. 2003;35:385–411.CrossRefPubMed Akwara PA, Madise NJ, Hinde A. Perception of risk of HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour in Kenya. J. Biosoc. Sci. 2003;35:385–411.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Hallett TB, Gregson S, Lewis JJC, Lopman BA, Garnett GP. Behaviour change in generalised HIV epidemics: impact of reducing cross-generational sex and delaying age at sexual debut. Sex. Transm. Infect. 2007;83(Suppl 1):i50–4.CrossRefPubMed Hallett TB, Gregson S, Lewis JJC, Lopman BA, Garnett GP. Behaviour change in generalised HIV epidemics: impact of reducing cross-generational sex and delaying age at sexual debut. Sex. Transm. Infect. 2007;83(Suppl 1):i50–4.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Hulton LA, Cullen R, Khalokho SW. Sexual of risks perceptions of the their and consequences activity adolescents. Stud Family Plan. 2012;31(1):35–46.CrossRef Hulton LA, Cullen R, Khalokho SW. Sexual of risks perceptions of the their and consequences activity adolescents. Stud Family Plan. 2012;31(1):35–46.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Harrison A, Xaba N, Kunene P. Understanding safe sex: gender narratives of HIV and pregnancy prevention by rural South African school-going youth. Reprod Health Matters. 2001;9:63–71.CrossRefPubMed Harrison A, Xaba N, Kunene P. Understanding safe sex: gender narratives of HIV and pregnancy prevention by rural South African school-going youth. Reprod Health Matters. 2001;9:63–71.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Mkandawire P, Luginaah I, Dixon J, Armah F, Arku G. Circumcision status and time to first sex among never-married young men in Malawi: evidence from the demographic and health survey. AIDS Behav. 2013;17:2123–35.CrossRefPubMed Mkandawire P, Luginaah I, Dixon J, Armah F, Arku G. Circumcision status and time to first sex among never-married young men in Malawi: evidence from the demographic and health survey. AIDS Behav. 2013;17:2123–35.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Tenkorang EY, Maticka-Tyndale E. Individual- and community-level influences on the timing of sexual debut among youth in Nyanza, Kenya. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2014;40:68–78.CrossRefPubMed Tenkorang EY, Maticka-Tyndale E. Individual- and community-level influences on the timing of sexual debut among youth in Nyanza, Kenya. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2014;40:68–78.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Med. 2005;2(11):1112–22.CrossRef Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Med. 2005;2(11):1112–22.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Gray RH, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, Makumbi F, Watya S, Nalugoda F, Kiwanuka N, Moulton LH, Chaudhary MA, Chen MZ, Sewankambo NK, Wabwire-Mangen F, Bacon MC, Williams CFM, Opendi P, Reynolds SJ, Laeyendecker O, Quinn TC, Wawer MJ. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2007;2008:13–4. Gray RH, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, Makumbi F, Watya S, Nalugoda F, Kiwanuka N, Moulton LH, Chaudhary MA, Chen MZ, Sewankambo NK, Wabwire-Mangen F, Bacon MC, Williams CFM, Opendi P, Reynolds SJ, Laeyendecker O, Quinn TC, Wawer MJ. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2007;2008:13–4.
11.
go back to reference Bailey CRC, Moses S, Parker BC, Kawango A, Ian M, Krieger NJ, Williams FMC, Campbell TR, Ndinya-Achola JO. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;2008:163–4. Bailey CRC, Moses S, Parker BC, Kawango A, Ian M, Krieger NJ, Williams FMC, Campbell TR, Ndinya-Achola JO. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;2008:163–4.
12.
go back to reference Drain PK, Halperin DT, Hughes JP, Klausner JD, Bailey RC. Male circumcision, religion, and infectious diseases: an ecologic analysis of 118 developing countries. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:172.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Drain PK, Halperin DT, Hughes JP, Klausner JD, Bailey RC. Male circumcision, religion, and infectious diseases: an ecologic analysis of 118 developing countries. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:172.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Binagwaho A, Pegurri E, Muita J, Bertozzi S. Male circumcision at different ages in Rwanda: a cost-effectiveness study. PLoS Med. 2010;7(1):1–3.CrossRef Binagwaho A, Pegurri E, Muita J, Bertozzi S. Male circumcision at different ages in Rwanda: a cost-effectiveness study. PLoS Med. 2010;7(1):1–3.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Weiss HA, Quigley MA, Hayes RJ. Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2000;14:2361–70.CrossRefPubMed Weiss HA, Quigley MA, Hayes RJ. Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2000;14:2361–70.CrossRefPubMed
16.
17.
go back to reference Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Lane T, van-Rooyen H, Chingono A, Humphries H, Timbe A, Fritz K, Chirowodza A, Morin SF. Understanding and addressing socio-cultural barriers to medical male circumcision in traditionally non-circumcising rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Cult Health Sex. 2013;15:1085–100.CrossRefPubMed Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Lane T, van-Rooyen H, Chingono A, Humphries H, Timbe A, Fritz K, Chirowodza A, Morin SF. Understanding and addressing socio-cultural barriers to medical male circumcision in traditionally non-circumcising rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Cult Health Sex. 2013;15:1085–100.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference W. H. Organization. Progress in scale-up of male circumcision for HIV prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa. 2012. W. H. Organization. Progress in scale-up of male circumcision for HIV prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa. 2012.
19.
go back to reference Eaton LA, Kalichman SC. Risk compensation in HIV prevention: Implications for vaccines, microbicides, and other biomedical HIV prevention technologies. Curr. HIV/AIDS Rep. 2007;4:165–72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Eaton LA, Kalichman SC. Risk compensation in HIV prevention: Implications for vaccines, microbicides, and other biomedical HIV prevention technologies. Curr. HIV/AIDS Rep. 2007;4:165–72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference Van Howe RS, Storms MR. How the circumcision solution in Africa will increase HIV infections. J. Public Health Africa. 2011;2:11–5. Van Howe RS, Storms MR. How the circumcision solution in Africa will increase HIV infections. J. Public Health Africa. 2011;2:11–5.
21.
go back to reference Siegfried N, Siegfried N, Muller M, Muller M, Deeks JJ, Deeks JJ, Volmink J, Volmink J. Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men Review information. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;4:1–27. Siegfried N, Siegfried N, Muller M, Muller M, Deeks JJ, Deeks JJ, Volmink J, Volmink J. Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men Review information. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;4:1–27.
22.
go back to reference Mattson CL, Campbell RT, Bailey RC, Agot K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S. Risk compensation is not associated with male circumcision in Kisumu, Kenya: a multi-faceted assessment of men enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2008;3(6):e2443 CrossRef Mattson CL, Campbell RT, Bailey RC, Agot K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S. Risk compensation is not associated with male circumcision in Kisumu, Kenya: a multi-faceted assessment of men enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2008;3(6):e2443 CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Westercamp N, Agot K, Jaoko W, Bailey RC. Risk compensation following male circumcision: results from a two-year prospective cohort study of recently circumcised and uncircumcised men in Nyanza Province, Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(98):1764–75.CrossRefPubMed Westercamp N, Agot K, Jaoko W, Bailey RC. Risk compensation following male circumcision: results from a two-year prospective cohort study of recently circumcised and uncircumcised men in Nyanza Province, Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(98):1764–75.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Wilson NL, Xiong W, Mattson CL. Is sex like driving? HIV prevention and risk compensation. J Dev Econ. 2014;106:78–91.CrossRefPubMed Wilson NL, Xiong W, Mattson CL. Is sex like driving? HIV prevention and risk compensation. J Dev Econ. 2014;106:78–91.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Kong X, Kigozi G, Nalugoda F, Musoke R, Kagaayi J, Latkin C, Ssekubugu R, Lutalo T, Nantume B, Boaz I, Wawer M, Serwadda D, Gray R. Assessment of changes in risk behaviors during 3 years of posttrial follow-up of male circumcision trial participants uncircumcised at trial closure in Rakai, Uganda. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176:875–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kong X, Kigozi G, Nalugoda F, Musoke R, Kagaayi J, Latkin C, Ssekubugu R, Lutalo T, Nantume B, Boaz I, Wawer M, Serwadda D, Gray R. Assessment of changes in risk behaviors during 3 years of posttrial follow-up of male circumcision trial participants uncircumcised at trial closure in Rakai, Uganda. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176:875–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Bridges JFP, Selck FW, Gray GE, McIntyre JA, Martinson NA. Condom avoidance and determinants of demand for male circumcision in Johannesburg, South Africa. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26:298–306.CrossRefPubMed Bridges JFP, Selck FW, Gray GE, McIntyre JA, Martinson NA. Condom avoidance and determinants of demand for male circumcision in Johannesburg, South Africa. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26:298–306.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Tenkorang EY, Maticka-tyndale E, Luginaah I. International journal of sexual health investigating the timing of first sexual intercourse among youth in EDO State, Nigeria in the context of the aids epidemic, 2015. pp 37–41. Tenkorang EY, Maticka-tyndale E, Luginaah I. International journal of sexual health investigating the timing of first sexual intercourse among youth in EDO State, Nigeria in the context of the aids epidemic, 2015. pp 37–41.
28.
go back to reference Burnham KP. Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociol Methods Res. 2004;33(2):261–304.CrossRef Burnham KP. Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociol Methods Res. 2004;33(2):261–304.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Wagenmakers E-J, Farrell S. AIC model selection using Akaike weights. Psychon Bull Rev. 2004;11(1):192–6.CrossRefPubMed Wagenmakers E-J, Farrell S. AIC model selection using Akaike weights. Psychon Bull Rev. 2004;11(1):192–6.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Aggleton P. “Just a snip”?: a social history of male circumcision. Reprod Health Matters. 2007;15(29):15–21.CrossRef Aggleton P. “Just a snip”?: a social history of male circumcision. Reprod Health Matters. 2007;15(29):15–21.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Gregson S, Waddell H, Chandiwana S. School education and HIV control in sub-Saharan Africa: from discord to harmony? J Int Dev. 2001;13(March):467–85.CrossRef Gregson S, Waddell H, Chandiwana S. School education and HIV control in sub-Saharan Africa: from discord to harmony? J Int Dev. 2001;13(March):467–85.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Van Howe RS, Storms MR. How the circumcision solution in Africa will increase HIV infections. J Public Health Africa. 2011;2(11):775–6. Van Howe RS, Storms MR. How the circumcision solution in Africa will increase HIV infections. J Public Health Africa. 2011;2(11):775–6.
33.
go back to reference Munthali AC, Zulu EM. The timing and role of initiation rites in preparing young people for adolescence and responsible sexual and reproductive behaviour in Malawi. Afr J Reprod Health. 2007;11:150–67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Munthali AC, Zulu EM. The timing and role of initiation rites in preparing young people for adolescence and responsible sexual and reproductive behaviour in Malawi. Afr J Reprod Health. 2007;11:150–67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
go back to reference Landor A, Simons LG, Simons RL, Brody GH, Gibbons FX. The role of religiosity in the relationship between parents, peers, and adolescent risky sexual behavior. J Youth Adolesc. 2011;40(3):296–309.CrossRefPubMed Landor A, Simons LG, Simons RL, Brody GH, Gibbons FX. The role of religiosity in the relationship between parents, peers, and adolescent risky sexual behavior. J Youth Adolesc. 2011;40(3):296–309.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Hunter M. The changing political economy of sex in South Africa: the significance of unemployment and inequalities to the scale of the AIDS pandemic. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64(3):689–700.CrossRefPubMed Hunter M. The changing political economy of sex in South Africa: the significance of unemployment and inequalities to the scale of the AIDS pandemic. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64(3):689–700.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Thomas AG, Tran BR, Cranston M, Brown MC, Kumar R, Tlelai M. Voluntary medical male circumcision: a cross-sectional study comparing circumcision self-report and physical examination findings in Lesotho. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(11):1–6. Thomas AG, Tran BR, Cranston M, Brown MC, Kumar R, Tlelai M. Voluntary medical male circumcision: a cross-sectional study comparing circumcision self-report and physical examination findings in Lesotho. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(11):1–6.
37.
go back to reference Weiss MS, Zulu RZ, Jones LD, Redding AC, Cook R, Chitalu N. The Spear and Shield intervention to increase the availability and acceptability of voluntary medical male circumcision in Zambia: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;2(5):e181–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Weiss MS, Zulu RZ, Jones LD, Redding AC, Cook R, Chitalu N. The Spear and Shield intervention to increase the availability and acceptability of voluntary medical male circumcision in Zambia: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;2(5):e181–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Circumcision Status and Time to Sexual Debut Among Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Six Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors
Joseph Kangmennaang
Lydia Osei
Paul Mkandawire
Isaac Luginaah
Publication date
01-11-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 11/2016
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1141-8

Other articles of this Issue 11/2016

AIDS and Behavior 11/2016 Go to the issue