Skip to main content
Top
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 3/2014

01-04-2014 | Original Paper

Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in New York City

Authors: K. H. Reilly, A. Neaigus, S. M. Jenness, T. Wendel, D. M. Marshall IV, H. Hagan

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Special Issue 3/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Understanding factors associated with recent HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) is important for designing interventions to increase testing rates and link cases to care. A cross-sectional study of MSM was conducted in NYC in 2011 using venue-based sampling. Associations between HIV testing in the past 12 months and relevant variables were examined through the estimation of prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Of 448 participants, 107 (23.9 %) had not been tested in the past 12 months. Factors independently associated with not testing in the previous 12 months were: lack of a visit to a healthcare provider in the past 12 months (aPR: 2.5; 95 % CI: 1.9, 3.2); age ≥30 (adjusted PR: 1.9; 95 % CI: 1.4, 2.7); not having completed a bachelor’s degree (aPR: 1.6; 95 % CI: 1.0, 2.4); and non-gay sexual identity (aPR: 1.4; 95 % CI: 1.0, 1.8); such MSM may be less aware of the need for frequent HIV testing.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Chen M, Rhodes PH, Hall HI, Kilmarx PH, Branson BM, Valleroy LA. Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection among persons aged ≥13 Years—National HIV Surveillance System, United States, 2005–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61(02):57–64.PubMed Chen M, Rhodes PH, Hall HI, Kilmarx PH, Branson BM, Valleroy LA. Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection among persons aged ≥13 Years—National HIV Surveillance System, United States, 2005–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61(02):57–64.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Hall HI, Holtgrave DR, Maulsby C. HIV transmission rates from persons living with HIV who are aware and unaware of their infection. AIDS. 2012;26(7):893–6.PubMedCrossRef Hall HI, Holtgrave DR, Maulsby C. HIV transmission rates from persons living with HIV who are aware and unaware of their infection. AIDS. 2012;26(7):893–6.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Marks G, Crepaz N, Janssen RS. Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. AIDS. 2006;20(10):1447–50.PubMedCrossRef Marks G, Crepaz N, Janssen RS. Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. AIDS. 2006;20(10):1447–50.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Marks G, Crepaz N, Senterfitt JW, Janssen RS. Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39(4):446–53.PubMedCrossRef Marks G, Crepaz N, Senterfitt JW, Janssen RS. Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39(4):446–53.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Higginbotham S, Holmes R. Adoption of protective behaviors among persons with recent HIV infection and diagnosis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;49(23):512–5. Higginbotham S, Holmes R. Adoption of protective behaviors among persons with recent HIV infection and diagnosis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;49(23):512–5.
6.
go back to reference Moir S, Buckner CM, Ho J, et al. B cells in early and chronic HIV infection: evidence for preservation of immune function associated with early initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Blood. 2010;116(25):5571–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Moir S, Buckner CM, Ho J, et al. B cells in early and chronic HIV infection: evidence for preservation of immune function associated with early initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Blood. 2010;116(25):5571–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Kitahata MM, Gange SJ, Abraham AG, et al. Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(18):1815–26.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kitahata MM, Gange SJ, Abraham AG, et al. Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(18):1815–26.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, et al. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(RR14):1–17. Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, et al. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(RR14):1–17.
10.
go back to reference Torian L, Chen M, Rhodes P, Hall HI. HIV surveillance—United States, 1981–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(21):689–93. Torian L, Chen M, Rhodes P, Hall HI. HIV surveillance—United States, 1981–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(21):689–93.
11.
go back to reference Campsmith ML, Rhodes PH, Hall HI, Green TA. Undiagnosed HIV prevalence among adults and adolescents in the United States at the end of 2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(5):619–24.PubMed Campsmith ML, Rhodes PH, Hall HI, Green TA. Undiagnosed HIV prevalence among adults and adolescents in the United States at the end of 2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(5):619–24.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Branson BM. State of the art for diagnosis of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(Suppl 4):S221–5.PubMedCrossRef Branson BM. State of the art for diagnosis of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(Suppl 4):S221–5.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Lauby JL, Milnamow M. Where MSM have their first HIV test: differences by race, income, and sexual identity. Am J Mens Health. 2009;3(1):50–9.PubMedCrossRef Lauby JL, Milnamow M. Where MSM have their first HIV test: differences by race, income, and sexual identity. Am J Mens Health. 2009;3(1):50–9.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Sanchez T, Finlayson T, Drake A, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk, prevention, and testing behaviors: United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: men who have sex men, November 2003–April 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(SS06):1–16. Sanchez T, Finlayson T, Drake A, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk, prevention, and testing behaviors: United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: men who have sex men, November 2003–April 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(SS06):1–16.
17.
go back to reference Gallagher KM, Sullivan PS, Lansky A, Onorato IM. Behavioral surveillance among people at risk for HIV infection in the US: the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(Suppl 1):32–8.PubMedCentralPubMed Gallagher KM, Sullivan PS, Lansky A, Onorato IM. Behavioral surveillance among people at risk for HIV infection in the US: the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(Suppl 1):32–8.PubMedCentralPubMed
18.
go back to reference Lansky A, Sullivan PS, Gallagher KM, Fleming PL. HIV behavioral surveillance in the US: a conceptual framework. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(Suppl 1):16–23.PubMedCentralPubMed Lansky A, Sullivan PS, Gallagher KM, Fleming PL. HIV behavioral surveillance in the US: a conceptual framework. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(Suppl 1):16–23.PubMedCentralPubMed
19.
go back to reference MacKellar DA, Gallagher KM, Finlayson T, Sanchez T, Lansky A, Sullivan PS. Surveillance of HIV risk and prevention behaviors of men who have sex with men—a national application of venue-based, time-space sampling. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(Suppl 1):39–47.PubMedCentralPubMed MacKellar DA, Gallagher KM, Finlayson T, Sanchez T, Lansky A, Sullivan PS. Surveillance of HIV risk and prevention behaviors of men who have sex with men—a national application of venue-based, time-space sampling. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(Suppl 1):39–47.PubMedCentralPubMed
20.
go back to reference Daskalakis D, Silvera R, Bernstein K, et al. Implementation of HIV testing at 2 New York City bathhouses: from pilot to clinical service. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(11):1609–16.PubMedCrossRef Daskalakis D, Silvera R, Bernstein K, et al. Implementation of HIV testing at 2 New York City bathhouses: from pilot to clinical service. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(11):1609–16.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Oster AM, Miles IW, Le BC, et al. HIV testing among men who have sex with men—21 cities, United States, 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(21):694–9. Oster AM, Miles IW, Le BC, et al. HIV testing among men who have sex with men—21 cities, United States, 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(21):694–9.
23.
go back to reference Helms DJ, Weinstock HS, Mahle KC, et al. HIV testing frequency among men who have sex with men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics: implications for HIV prevention and surveillance. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50(3):320–6.PubMedCrossRef Helms DJ, Weinstock HS, Mahle KC, et al. HIV testing frequency among men who have sex with men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics: implications for HIV prevention and surveillance. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50(3):320–6.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Cutler DM, Lleras-Muney A. Education and health: evaluating theories and evidence: National Bureau of Economic Research; 2006. Cutler DM, Lleras-Muney A. Education and health: evaluating theories and evidence: National Bureau of Economic Research; 2006.
25.
go back to reference Braveman P, Egerter S, Williams DR. The social determinants of health: coming of age. Annu Rev Public Health. 2011;32:381–98.PubMedCrossRef Braveman P, Egerter S, Williams DR. The social determinants of health: coming of age. Annu Rev Public Health. 2011;32:381–98.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Pathela P, Hajat A, Schillinger J, Blank S, Sell R, Mostashari F. Discordance between sexual behavior and self-reported sexual identity: a population-based survey of New York City men. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(6):416–25.PubMedCrossRef Pathela P, Hajat A, Schillinger J, Blank S, Sell R, Mostashari F. Discordance between sexual behavior and self-reported sexual identity: a population-based survey of New York City men. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(6):416–25.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Mimiaga MJ, Goldhammer H, Belanoff C, Tetu AM, Mayer KH. Men who have sex with men: perceptions about sexual risk, HIV and sexually transmitted disease testing, and provider communication. Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34(2):113–9.PubMedCrossRef Mimiaga MJ, Goldhammer H, Belanoff C, Tetu AM, Mayer KH. Men who have sex with men: perceptions about sexual risk, HIV and sexually transmitted disease testing, and provider communication. Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34(2):113–9.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Bond L, Lauby J, Batson H. HIV testing and the role of individual-and structural-level barriers and facilitators. AIDS Care. 2005;17(2):125–40.PubMedCrossRef Bond L, Lauby J, Batson H. HIV testing and the role of individual-and structural-level barriers and facilitators. AIDS Care. 2005;17(2):125–40.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Bertakis KD, Azari R, Helms LJ, Callahan EJ, Robbins JA. Gender differences in the utilization of health care services. J Fam Pract. 2000;49(2):147–52.PubMed Bertakis KD, Azari R, Helms LJ, Callahan EJ, Robbins JA. Gender differences in the utilization of health care services. J Fam Pract. 2000;49(2):147–52.PubMed
32.
go back to reference MacKellar DA, Valleroy LA, Secura GM, et al. Unrecognized HIV infection, risk behaviors, and perceptions of risk among young men who have sex with men: opportunities for advancing HIV prevention in the third decade of HIV/AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;38(5):603–14.PubMedCrossRef MacKellar DA, Valleroy LA, Secura GM, et al. Unrecognized HIV infection, risk behaviors, and perceptions of risk among young men who have sex with men: opportunities for advancing HIV prevention in the third decade of HIV/AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;38(5):603–14.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Hutchinson AB, Corbie-Smith G, Thomas SB, Mohanan S, del Rio C. Understanding the patient’s perspective on rapid and routine HIV testing in an inner-city urgent care center. AIDS Educ Prev. 2004;16(2):101–14.PubMedCrossRef Hutchinson AB, Corbie-Smith G, Thomas SB, Mohanan S, del Rio C. Understanding the patient’s perspective on rapid and routine HIV testing in an inner-city urgent care center. AIDS Educ Prev. 2004;16(2):101–14.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Song Y, Li X, Zhang L, et al. HIV-testing behavior among young migrant men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China. AIDS Care. 2011;23(2):179–86.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Song Y, Li X, Zhang L, et al. HIV-testing behavior among young migrant men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China. AIDS Care. 2011;23(2):179–86.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Whiteside YO, Harris T, Scanlon C, Clarkson S, Duffus W. Self-perceived risk of HIV infection and attitudes about preexposure prophylaxis among sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees in South Carolina. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011;25(6):365–70.PubMedCrossRef Whiteside YO, Harris T, Scanlon C, Clarkson S, Duffus W. Self-perceived risk of HIV infection and attitudes about preexposure prophylaxis among sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees in South Carolina. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011;25(6):365–70.PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Nunn A, Zaller N, Cornwall A, et al. Low perceived risk and high HIV prevalence among a predominantly African American population participating in Philadelphia’s rapid HIV testing program. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011;25(4):229–35.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Nunn A, Zaller N, Cornwall A, et al. Low perceived risk and high HIV prevalence among a predominantly African American population participating in Philadelphia’s rapid HIV testing program. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011;25(4):229–35.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Mills CW, Sabharwal CJ, Udeagu CC, et al. Barriers to HIV testing among HIV/AIDS concurrently diagnosed persons in New York City. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(8):715–21.PubMed Mills CW, Sabharwal CJ, Udeagu CC, et al. Barriers to HIV testing among HIV/AIDS concurrently diagnosed persons in New York City. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(8):715–21.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Lorenc T, Marrero-Guillamon I, Llewellyn A, et al. HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM): systematic review of qualitative evidence. Health Educ Res. 2011;26(5):834–46.PubMedCrossRef Lorenc T, Marrero-Guillamon I, Llewellyn A, et al. HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM): systematic review of qualitative evidence. Health Educ Res. 2011;26(5):834–46.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Lyter DW, Valdiserri RO, Kingsley LA, Amoroso WP, Rinaldo CR Jr. The HIV antibody test: why gay and bisexual men want or do not want to know their results. Public Health Rep. 1987;102(5):468–74.PubMedCentralPubMed Lyter DW, Valdiserri RO, Kingsley LA, Amoroso WP, Rinaldo CR Jr. The HIV antibody test: why gay and bisexual men want or do not want to know their results. Public Health Rep. 1987;102(5):468–74.PubMedCentralPubMed
40.
go back to reference Siegel K, Levine MP, Brooks C, Kern R. The motives of gay men for taking or not taking the HIV antibody test. Soc Probl. 1989;36(4):368–83.CrossRef Siegel K, Levine MP, Brooks C, Kern R. The motives of gay men for taking or not taking the HIV antibody test. Soc Probl. 1989;36(4):368–83.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Carballo-Dieguez A, Frasca T, Dolezal C, Balan I. Will gay and bisexually active men at high risk of infection use over-the-counter rapid HIV tests to screen sexual partners? J Sex Res. 2012;49(4):379–87.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Carballo-Dieguez A, Frasca T, Dolezal C, Balan I. Will gay and bisexually active men at high risk of infection use over-the-counter rapid HIV tests to screen sexual partners? J Sex Res. 2012;49(4):379–87.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Myers JE, Braunstein SL, Shepard CW, et al. Assessing the impact of a community-wide HIV testing scale-up initiative in a major urban epidemic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(1):23–31.PubMedCrossRef Myers JE, Braunstein SL, Shepard CW, et al. Assessing the impact of a community-wide HIV testing scale-up initiative in a major urban epidemic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(1):23–31.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Braunstein SL, Shepard CW. The potential pitfalls of targeted screening for acute HIV infection: the view from New York City. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(3):487–8.PubMedCrossRef Braunstein SL, Shepard CW. The potential pitfalls of targeted screening for acute HIV infection: the view from New York City. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(3):487–8.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Fuqua V, Chen YH, Packer T, et al. Using social networks to reach black MSM for HIV testing and linkage to care. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(2):256–65.PubMedCrossRef Fuqua V, Chen YH, Packer T, et al. Using social networks to reach black MSM for HIV testing and linkage to care. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(2):256–65.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Bocour A, Renaud TC, Udeagu CN, Shepard CW. HIV partner services are associated with earlier diagnosis and linkage to HIV medical care Paper presented at: XIX International AIDS Conference; Washington, DC; July 22–27, 2012. Bocour A, Renaud TC, Udeagu CN, Shepard CW. HIV partner services are associated with earlier diagnosis and linkage to HIV medical care Paper presented at: XIX International AIDS Conference; Washington, DC; July 22–27, 2012.
46.
Metadata
Title
Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in New York City
Authors
K. H. Reilly
A. Neaigus
S. M. Jenness
T. Wendel
D. M. Marshall IV
H. Hagan
Publication date
01-04-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue Special Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0483-3

Other articles of this Special Issue 3/2014

AIDS and Behavior 3/2014 Go to the issue