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Angiogenesis
Published in: Angiogenesis 4/2015

01-10-2015 | Review Paper

Aflibercept administration in neovascular age-related macular degeneration refractory to previous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs: a critical review and new possible approaches to move forward

Authors: Stefano Lazzeri, Guido Ripandelli, Maria Sole Sartini, Mariacristina Parravano, Monica Varano, Marco Nardi, Teresa Di Desidero, Paola Orlandi, Guido Bocci

Published in: Angiogenesis | Issue 4/2015

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Abstract

Purpose

The recent introduction of anti-VEGF drugs has widely changed the prognosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), even if a variable percentage of patients showed an insufficient response. Aflibercept is a new anti-VEGF drug approved by FDA for the treatment of exudative AMD with a wider binding capacity than either bevacizumab or ranibizumab. Therefore, the purposes were as follows: (i) to report anatomical and functional outcomes of switching from bevacizumab/ranibizumab to aflibercept previously described in the scientific literature, (ii) to hypothesize the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of the resistance and tachyphylaxis to anti-VEGF drugs, and (iii) to suggest possible clinical actions to increase the chances of success for such difficult cases.

Methods

We reviewed the available scientific literature in Medline, Cochrane database, Current Contents, PubMed, and cross-referencing from identified articles, regarding the treatment of exudative AMD patients refractory to bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab and switched to aflibercept monotherapy. We included in this review all the cases in which the diagnosis of refractory or resistant exudative AMD was properly made, and the results of at least one aflibercept injection were described.

Findings

We reported the outcomes of 21 papers for a total of 1066 eyes affected by exudative AMD resistant to previous anti-VEGF drug injections and switched to aflibercept. Enrolled reports were divided into two groups: 5 prospective reports and 16 retrospective reports. All the reported papers conclude their analysis, stating that switching from bevacizumab/ranibizumab to aflibercept injections can improve outcomes successfully in refractory neovascular AMD patients.

Implications

Analysis of the papers reported in this review demonstrates that switching from bevacizumab/ranibizumab to aflibercept injections can improve outcomes successfully in refractory neovascular AMD patients. The mechanism for these effects is not yet completely understood.
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Metadata
Title
Aflibercept administration in neovascular age-related macular degeneration refractory to previous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs: a critical review and new possible approaches to move forward
Authors
Stefano Lazzeri
Guido Ripandelli
Maria Sole Sartini
Mariacristina Parravano
Monica Varano
Marco Nardi
Teresa Di Desidero
Paola Orlandi
Guido Bocci
Publication date
01-10-2015
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Angiogenesis / Issue 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0969-6970
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7209
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-015-9483-4

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