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Angiogenesis
Published in: Angiogenesis 3/2015

01-07-2015 | Original Paper

Cardiovascular risk factors cause premature rarefaction of the collateral circulation and greater ischemic tissue injury

Authors: Scott M. Moore, Hua Zhang, Nobuyo Maeda, Claire M. Doerschuk, James E. Faber

Published in: Angiogenesis | Issue 3/2015

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Abstract

Rationale

Collaterals lessen tissue injury in occlusive disease. However, aging causes progressive decline in their number and smaller diameters in those that remain (collateral rarefaction), beginning at 16 months of age in mice (i.e., middle age), and worse ischemic injury—effects that are accelerated in even 3-month-old eNOS−/− mice. These findings have found indirect support in recent human studies.

Objective

We sought to determine whether other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) associated with endothelial dysfunction cause collateral rarefaction, investigate possible mechanisms, and test strategies for prevention.

Methods and results

Mice with nine different models of CVRFs of 4–12 months of age were assessed for number and diameter of native collaterals in skeletal muscle and brain and for collateral-dependent perfusion and ischemic injury after arterial occlusion. Hypertension caused collateral rarefaction whose severity increased with duration and level of hypertension, accompanied by greater hindlimb ischemia and cerebral infarct volume. Chronic treatment of wild-type mice with l-N G-nitro-arginine methylester caused similar rarefaction and worse ischemic injury which were not prevented by lowering arterial pressure with hydralazine. Metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity also caused collateral rarefaction. Neither chronic statin treatment nor exercise training lessened hypertension-induced rarefaction.

Conclusion

Chronic CVRF presence caused collateral rarefaction and worse ischemic injury, even at relatively young ages. Rarefaction was associated with increased proliferation rate of collateral endothelial cells, effects that may promote accelerated endothelial cell senescence.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Cardiovascular risk factors cause premature rarefaction of the collateral circulation and greater ischemic tissue injury
Authors
Scott M. Moore
Hua Zhang
Nobuyo Maeda
Claire M. Doerschuk
James E. Faber
Publication date
01-07-2015
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Angiogenesis / Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0969-6970
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7209
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-015-9465-6

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