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01-07-2014 | Original Paper

Anti-VEGF therapy reduces intestinal inflammation in Endoglin heterozygous mice subjected to experimental colitis

Published in: Angiogenesis | Issue 3/2014

Abstract

Chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with pathological angiogenesis that further amplifies the inflammatory response. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is a major angiogenic cytokine that has been implicated in chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Endoglin (CD105), a transforming growth factor-β superfamily co-receptor expressed on endothelial and some myeloid cells, is a modulator of angiogenesis involved in wound healing and potentially in resolution of inflammation. We showed previously that Endoglin heterozygous (Eng ^+/−) mice subjected to dextran sodium sulfate developed severe colitis, abnormal colonic vessels and high tissue VEGF. We therefore tested in the current study if treatment with a monoclonal antibody to VEGF could ameliorate chronic colitis in Eng ^+/− mice. Tissue inflammation and microvessel density (MVD) were quantified on histological slides. Colonic wall thickness, microvascular hemodynamics and targeted MAdCAM-1⁺ inflamed vessels were assessed in vivo by ultrasound. Mediators of angiogenesis and inflammation were measured by Milliplex and ELISA assays. Colitic Eng ^+/− mice showed an increase in intestinal inflammation, MVD, colonic wall thickness, microvascular hemodynamics and the number of MAdCAM-1⁺ microvessels relative to colitic Eng ^+/+ mice; these parameters were all attenuated by anti-VEGF treatment. Of all factors up-regulated in the inflamed gut, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and amphiregulin were further increased in colitic Eng ^+/− versus Eng ^+/+ mice. Anti-VEGF therapy decreased tissue VEGF and inflammation-induced endoglin, IL-1β and G-CSF in colitic Eng ^+/− mice. Our results suggest that endoglin modulates intestinal angiogenic and inflammatory responses in colitis. Furthermore, contrast-enhanced ultrasound provides an excellent non-invasive imaging modality to monitor gut angiogenesis, inflammation and responses to anti-angiogenic treatment.

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Title: Anti-VEGF therapy reduces intestinal inflammation in Endoglin heterozygous mice subjected to experimental colitis
Publication date: 01-07-2014
Published in: Angiogenesis / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 0969-6970
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7209
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-014-9421-x

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