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Open Access 01-01-2015 | Special Article

Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Carcinoma of the Esophagus April 2012 edited by the Japan Esophageal Society

Authors: Hiroyuki Kuwano, Yasumasa Nishimura, Tsuneo Oyama, Hiroyuki Kato, Yuko Kitagawa, Motoyasu Kusano, Hideo Shimada, Hiroya Takiuchi, Yasushi Toh, Yuichiro Doki, Yoshio Naomoto, Hisahiro Matsubara, Tatsuya Miyazaki, Manabu Muto, Akio Yanagisawa

Published in: Esophagus | Issue 1/2015

Excerpt

These guidelines are intended for doctors who are engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal carcinoma, for the following purposes: (1) to present the standard practice for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal carcinoma with a high regard for the principles of evidence-based medicine (EBM); (2) to improve the safety and results of treatment, thereby reducing the difference in treatment results among different institutions; (3) to reduce unnecessary costs and efforts; (4) help enable people to undergo treatment without anxiety. …

Incidence rate The number of cases detected in a certain population during a certain period of time divided by the number of individuals in the population. The data shown are those provided by the Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, on the basis of the national statistics of cancer morbidity data derived from the Population-Based Cancer Registry (1975–2005).

Age-adjusted incidence rate The incidence rate that would have been observed if the composition of the population was the same as the base population.

Crude mortality rate: The number of deaths occurring during a certain period of time divided by the population during the period.

Age-adjusted mortality rate The mortality rate that would have been observed if the composition of the population was the same as the base population. Because the cancer mortality rate increases as the age advances, the crude mortality rate increases in a population containing a greater proportion of elderly people than in one containing a smaller proportion of elderly people. Therefore, the mortality rate in a population as a whole is obtained in a way adjusted for the age composition of a population used as the base (base population). The 1985 model population (virtual population model based on Japan's population in 1985) is the base population used in Japan.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) In this treatment modality, the oncotropic, light-sensitive substance porfimer sodium (Photofrin) is injected intravenously, and tumor tissue is necrotized by applying 630 nm red light to the light-sensitive substance selectively incorporated into the tumor. Use of this treatment for early carcinomas of the lung, stomach, and uterus and superficial esophageal carcinoma has been covered by the national health insurance in Japan since October 1994. The reported local control rate in cases of superficial esophageal carcinoma is 90 %. PDT is reported to be effective for unresectable cases by ER and remnant lesions after ER, radiation therapy, or chemoradiation therapy.

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) This is an endoscopic treatment method in which argon gas is applied, and tissue is cauterized by thermocoagulation using high-frequency currents.

Title: Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Carcinoma of the Esophagus April 2012 edited by the Japan Esophageal Society
Authors: Hiroyuki Kuwano
Yasumasa Nishimura
Tsuneo Oyama
Hiroyuki Kato
Yuko Kitagawa
Motoyasu Kusano
Hideo Shimada
Hiroya Takiuchi
Yasushi Toh
Yuichiro Doki
Yoshio Naomoto
Hisahiro Matsubara
Tatsuya Miyazaki
Manabu Muto
Akio Yanagisawa
Publication date: 01-01-2015
Publisher: Springer Japan
Published in: Esophagus / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 1612-9059
Electronic ISSN: 1612-9067
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10388-014-0465-1

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