Published in:
01-06-2011 | Special Article
Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma: 3rd English edition
Published in: Gastric Cancer | Issue 2/2011
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Gastric cancer findings are categorized and recorded using the upper case letters T, H, etc. The extent of disease for each parameter is expressed by Arabic numerals following the letter (e.g., T3 H1); where the extent of disease is unknown, X is used. The clinical and pathological classifications are derived from information acquired from various clinical, imaging, and pathological sources (listed in Table 1). The clinical classification (c) is derived at the conclusion of pretreatment assessment before a decision is made regarding the appropriateness of surgery. This classification is an essential guide to treatment selection and enables the evaluation of therapeutic options. The pathological classification (p) is based on the clinical classification supplemented or modified by additional evidence acquired from pathological examination. This informs decision-making regarding additional therapy and provides prognostic information. Where there is doubt regarding the T, N, or M category, the less advanced category should be used.
Table 1
Clinical and pathological classification
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Clinical classification (c)
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Pathological classification (c)
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Physical examination, imaging studies, endoscopic, laparoscopic and surgical findings, biopsy, cytology, biochemical and biological investigations.
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Histological examination of surgically or endoscopically resected specimens; peritoneal lavage cytology.
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