Role of long non-coding RNAs expression (ANRIL, NOS3-AS, and APOA1-AS) in development of atherosclerosis in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients

To quantify the expression level of three lncRNAs which are known to be relevant to atherosclerosis (ANRIL, NOS3-AS, and APOA1-AS) in SLE patients and to assess their relationship with atherogenic and inflammatory biomarkers. The circulating levels of these lncRNAs were assessed using RT-PCR, in addition to measurement of E-selectin, V-CAM1, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), total nitric oxide (NOx), and lipid profile in 65 SLE patients (35 atherosclerotic and 30 non-atherosclerotic) and 35 healthy subjects. The expression levels of these lncRNAs were higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls. Importantly, a higher overexpression of these lncRNAs was noticed in atherosclerotic SLE patients than in non-atherosclerotic ones. In atherosclerotic SLE patients, level of ANRIL was positively associated with menopause, SLE duration, SLEDAI, and SLICC and negatively correlated with C3. Moreover, NOS3-AS expression was negatively correlated with total NOx level and HDL, while it was positively correlated with TC, LDL-C, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity and dyslipidemia, CIMT, VCAM-1, E-selectin, oxLDL, SLEDAI, and SLICC. With respect to APOA1-AS, its expression was negatively correlated with HDL-C, whereas it was positively correlated with TC, LDL-C, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, menopause, CIMT, RI, V-CAM1, E-selectin, oxLDL, and SLICC. ANRIL, NOS3-AS, and APOA1-AS could be used as predictive biomarkers for atherosclerosis in SLE. Multivariate analyses identified these lncRNAs as independent predictors for atherosclerosis in SLE. These lncRNAs play a pivotal role in development of atherosclerosis via their significant repercussions atherogenic and inflammatory indices.