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01-12-2017 | Original Article

A rabies virus vampire bat variant shows increased neuroinvasiveness in mice when compared to a carnivore variant

Authors: Leonardo Pereira Mesquita, Thais Helena Martins Gamon, Silvia Elena Campusano Cuevas, Karen Miyuki Asano, Willian de Oliveira Fahl, Keila Iamamoto, Karin Correa Scheffer, Samira Maria Achkar, Dennis Albert Zanatto, Cláudia Madalena Cabrera Mori, Paulo César Maiorka, Enio Mori

Published in: Archives of Virology | Issue 12/2017

Abstract

Rabies is one of the most important zoonotic diseases and is caused by several rabies virus (RABV) variants. These variants can exhibit differences in neurovirulence, and few studies have attempted to evaluate the neuroinvasiveness of variants derived from vampire bats and wild carnivores. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuropathogenesis of infection with two Brazilian RABV street variants (variant 3 and crab-eating fox) in mice. BALB/c mice were inoculated with RABV through the footpad, with the 50% mouse lethal dose (LD₅₀) determined by intracranial inoculation. The morbidity of rabies in mice infected with variant 3 and the crab-eating fox strain was 100% and 50%, respectively, with an incubation period of 7 and 6 days post-inoculation (dpi), respectively. The clinical disease in mice was similar with both strains, and it was characterized initially by weight loss, ruffled fur, hunched posture, and hind limb paralysis progressing to quadriplegia and recumbency at 9 to 12 dpi. Histological lesions within the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis with neuronal degeneration and necrosis were observed in mice infected with variant 3 and those infected with the crab-eating fox variant. However, lesions and the presence of RABV antigen, were more widespread within the CNS of variant-3-infected mice, whereas in crab-eating fox-variant-infected mice, RABV antigens were more restricted to caudal areas of the CNS, such as the spinal cord and brainstem. In conclusion, the results shown here demonstrate that the RABV vampire bat strain (variant 3) has a higher potential for neuroinvasiveness than the carnivore variant.

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Title: A rabies virus vampire bat variant shows increased neuroinvasiveness in mice when compared to a carnivore variant
Authors: Leonardo Pereira Mesquita
Thais Helena Martins Gamon
Silvia Elena Campusano Cuevas
Karen Miyuki Asano
Willian de Oliveira Fahl
Keila Iamamoto
Karin Correa Scheffer
Samira Maria Achkar
Dennis Albert Zanatto
Cláudia Madalena Cabrera Mori
Paulo César Maiorka
Enio Mori
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Published in: Archives of Virology / Issue 12/2017
Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Electronic ISSN: 1432-8798
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3530-y

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