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At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
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Acta Diabetologica
Published in: Acta Diabetologica 1/2017

01-01-2017 | Original Article

Effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on mortality and cardiovascular events: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Authors: Matteo Monami, Ilaria Dicembrini, Edoardo Mannucci

Published in: Acta Diabetologica | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Aims

EMPAREG OUTCOME study showed a reduction in cardiovascular events in patients treated with the sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin, as compared to placebo. Other drugs of the same class are currently been investigated for cardiovascular outcomes. In the meanwhile, a re-analysis of data collected in available studies can add relevant insight.

Methods

A MEDLINE search for SGLT-2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ipragliflozin, ertugliflozin, luseogliflozin) was performed, collecting all randomized trials up to November 16, 2015. All trials with a duration of treatment ≥12 weeks, enrolling patients with type 2 diabetes, comparing a SGLT2i with placebo or other comparators were included. The principal outcome was the effect of SGLT2i on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Secondary endpoints were myocardial infarction and stroke. Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval (MH-OR) was calculated.

Results

A total of 71 trials were included (31,199 and 16,088 patients in SGLT2i and comparator groups). Treatment with SGLT2i was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (MH-OR 0.70 [0.59–0.83], p < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (MH-OR 0.43 [0.36–0.53], p < 0.001), and myocardial infarction (MH-OR 0.77 [0.63–0.94], p < 0.01), but not stroke (MH-OR 1.09 [0.86–1.38], p = 0.50), with no apparent difference across molecules (after excluding cardiovascular outcome trials).

Conclusions

Available data suggest that the beneficial action observed with empagliflozin on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in EMPAREG OUTCOME study is a class effect. The present meta-analysis showed a significantly reduction in myocardial infarction, with no increased risk of stroke.
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Metadata
Title
Effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on mortality and cardiovascular events: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors
Matteo Monami
Ilaria Dicembrini
Edoardo Mannucci
Publication date
01-01-2017
Publisher
Springer Milan
Published in
Acta Diabetologica / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 0940-5429
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-016-0892-7

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