Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
European Spine Journal
Published in: European Spine Journal 6/2017

01-06-2017 | Review Article

Magnetically controlled growing rod in early onset scoliosis: a 30-case multicenter study

Authors: Julie Lebon, Cécile Batailler, Matthieu Wargny, Elie Choufani, Philippe Violas, Damien Fron, Jerry Kieffer, Franck Accadbled, Vincent Cunin, Jérôme Sales De Gauzy

Published in: European Spine Journal | Issue 6/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Preliminary results of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) are encouraging. However, only short case series of MCGR for the treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) have been reported. Our aim was to evaluate its effectiveness and complications.

Methods

We report a 30-case retrospective, consecutive, multicenter series of MCGR. Effectiveness was judged upon: deformity correction and difficulties to achieve desired distraction. Secondary endpoints included complications and revision surgeries.

Results

Median age at surgery was 9.1 years (5–13). Mean follow-up was 18.4 months (12–33.9). Mean Cobb angle was 66° preoperatively and 44° at latest follow-up. MCGR has avoided an average of 2.03 scheduled surgical procedures per patient compared to traditional growing rod (GR). The intended total length gain was 40.1 mm per patient (5–140) and the total measured length gain was 21.9 mm (45.5% discrepancy). There were 24 complications: 7 proximal pull-outs of the hooks, 3 rod breakages, 6 failures of the lengthening of which 4 complete blockages and 2 complete blockages followed by backtracking, 1 proximal junctional kyphosis, 1 wound dehiscence, 1 superficial infection, 1 deep infection requiring implant removal, 1 pulmonary embolism, 1 pulmonary insufficiency, 1 secondary lumbar scoliosis, and 1 painful outpatient distraction. Eight patients had a gradual loss of effectiveness of distractions. There were 13 revision surgeries in 9 patients.

Conclusions

MCGR provides satisfactory deformity correction and avoids repeated surgical procedures for lengthening. However, it has substantial complication rate. Although less frequent than in GR, the law of diminishing returns also applies to MCGR.
Literature
1.
Harrington PR (2002) Treatment of scoliosis: correction and internal fixation by spine instrumentation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84-A(2):316CrossRefPubMed
2.
Karol LA, Johnston C, Mladenov K, Schochet P, Walters P, Browne RH (2008) Pulmonary function following early thoracic fusion in non-neuromuscular scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90(6):1272–1281CrossRefPubMed
3.
Dannawi Z, Altaf F, Harshavardhana NS, El Sebaie H, Noordeen H (2013) Early results of a remotely-operated magnetic growth rod in early-onset scoliosis. Bone Jt J 95-B(1):75–80CrossRef
4.
Yang JS, McElroy MJ, Akbarnia BA, Salari P, Oliveira D, Thompson GH et al (2010) Growing rods for spinal deformity: characterizing consensus and variation in current use. J Pediatr Orthop 30(3):264–270CrossRefPubMed
5.
Thompson GH, Akbarnia BA, Campbell RM (2007) Growing rod techniques in early-onset scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop 27(3):354–361CrossRefPubMed
6.
Akbarnia BA, Breakwell LM, Marks DS, McCarthy RE, Thompson AG, Canale SK et al (2008) Dual growing rod technique followed for three to eleven years until final fusion: the effect of frequency of lengthening. Spine 33(9):984–990CrossRefPubMed
7.
Sankar WN, Acevedo DC, Skaggs DL (2010) Comparison of complications among growing spinal implants. Spine 35(23):2091–2096CrossRefPubMed
8.
Akbarnia BA, Cheung K, Noordeen H, Elsebaie H, Yazici M, Dannawi Z et al (2013) Next generation of growth-sparing techniques: preliminary clinical results of a magnetically controlled growing rod in 14 patients with early-onset scoliosis. Spine 38(8):665–670CrossRefPubMed
9.
Hickey BA, Towriss C, Baxter G, Yasso S, James S, Jones A et al (2014) Early experience of MAGEC magnetic growing rods in the treatment of early onset scoliosis. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc 23(Suppl 1):S61–S65CrossRef
10.
Cheung KM-C, Cheung JP-Y, Samartzis D, Mak K-C, Wong Y-W, Cheung W-Y et al (2012) Magnetically controlled growing rods for severe spinal curvature in young children: a prospective case series. Lancet 379(9830):1967–1974CrossRefPubMed
11.
Stokes OM, O’Donovan EJ, Samartzis D, Bow CH, Luk KDK, Cheung KMC (2014) Reducing radiation exposure in early-onset scoliosis surgery patients: novel use of ultrasonography to measure lengthening in magnetically-controlled growing rods. Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc 14(10):2397–2404CrossRef
12.
13.
Dimeglio A, Canavese F (2012) The growing spine: how spinal deformities influence normal spine and thoracic cage growth. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc 21(1):64–70CrossRef
14.
Harrington PR (1963) Scoliosis in the growing spine. Pediatr Clin N Am 10:225–245CrossRef
15.
Moe JH, Kharrat K, Winter RB, Cummine JL (1984) Harrington instrumentation without fusion plus external orthotic support for the treatment of difficult curvature problems in young children. Clin Orthop 185:35–45
16.
Bess S, Akbarnia BA, Thompson GH, Sponseller PD, Shah SA, El Sebaie H et al (2010) Complications of growing-rod treatment for early-onset scoliosis: analysis of one hundred and forty patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92(15):2533–2543CrossRefPubMed
17.
Akbarnia BA, Marks DS, Boachie-Adjei O, Thompson AG, Asher MA (2005) Dual growing rod technique for the treatment of progressive early-onset scoliosis: a multicenter study. Spine 30(17 Suppl):S46–S57CrossRefPubMed
18.
Farooq N, Garrido E, Altaf F, Dartnell J, Shah SA, Tucker SK et al (2010) Minimizing complications with single submuscular growing rods: a review of technique and results on 88 patients with minimum two-year follow-up. Spine 35(25):2252–2258CrossRefPubMed
19.
Suliman S, Mkabile SG, Fincham DS, Ahmed R, Stein DJ, Seedat S (2009) Cumulative effect of multiple trauma on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. Compr Psychiatry 50(2):121–127CrossRefPubMed
20.
Backeljauw B, Holland SK, Altaye M, Loepke AW (2015) Cognition and brain structure following early childhood surgery with anesthesia. Pediatrics 136(1):e1–e12CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Caldas JCS, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Carneiro SR (2004) General anesthesia, surgery and hospitalization in children and their effects upon cognitive, academic, emotional and sociobehavioral development—a review. Paediatr Anaesth 14(11):910–915CrossRefPubMed
22.
Charroin C, Abelin-Genevois K, Cunin V, Berthiller J, Constant H, Kohler R et al (2014) Direct costs associated with the management of progressive early onset scoliosis: estimations based on gold standard technique or with magnetically controlled growing rods. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res Otsr 100(5):469–474CrossRefPubMed
23.
24.
Rolton D, Thakar C, Wilson-MacDonald J, Nnadi C (2016) Radiological and clinical assessment of the distraction achieved with remotely expandable growing rods in early onset scoliosis. Eur Spine J 25(10):3371–3376. doi:10.​1007/​s00586-015-4223-4 CrossRefPubMed
25.
Keskinen H, Helenius I, Nnadi C, Cheung K, Ferguson J, Mundis G et al (2016) Preliminary comparison of primary and conversion surgery with magnetically controlled growing rods in children with early onset scoliosis. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc 25(10):3294–3300CrossRef
26.
Choi E, Yazsay B, Mundis G, Hosseini P, Pawelek J, Alanay A et al (2016) Implant complications after magnetically controlled growing rods for early onset scoliosis: a multicenter retrospective review. J Pediatr Orthop. doi:10.​1097/​BPO.​0000000000000803​
27.
28.
Blakemore LC, Scoles PV, Poe-Kochert C, Thompson GH (2001) Submuscular Isola rod with or without limited apical fusion in the management of severe spinal deformities in young children: preliminary report. Spine. 26(18):2044–2048CrossRefPubMed
29.
Thompson GH, Akbarnia BA, Kostial P, Poe-Kochert C, Armstrong DG, Roh J et al (2005) Comparison of single and dual growing rod techniques followed through definitive surgery: a preliminary study. Spine 30(18):2039–2044CrossRefPubMed
30.
Yang JS, Sponseller PD, Thompson GH, Akbarnia BA, Emans JB, Yazici M et al (2011) Growing rod fractures: risk factors and opportunities for prevention. Spine 36(20):1639–1644CrossRefPubMed
31.
Sankar WN, Skaggs DL, Yazici M, Johnston CE, Shah SA, Javidan P et al (2011) Lengthening of dual growing rods and the law of diminishing returns. Spine 36(10):806–809CrossRefPubMed
32.
Noordeen HM, Shah SA, Elsebaie HB, Garrido E, Farooq N, Al-Mukhtar M et al (2011) In vivo distraction force and length measurements of growing rods: which factors influence the ability to lengthen? Spine 36(26):2299–2303CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Magnetically controlled growing rod in early onset scoliosis: a 30-case multicenter study
Authors
Julie Lebon
Cécile Batailler
Matthieu Wargny
Elie Choufani
Philippe Violas
Damien Fron
Jerry Kieffer
Franck Accadbled
Vincent Cunin
Jérôme Sales De Gauzy
Publication date
01-06-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Spine Journal / Issue 6/2017
Print ISSN: 0940-6719
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0932
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4929-y

Other articles of this Issue 6/2017

European Spine Journal 6/2017 Go to the issue

Original Article

3D rod shape changes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis instrumentation: how much does it impact correction?

Letter to the Editor

Letter to the Editor concerning “Rehydration of a degenerated disc on MRI synchronized with transition of Modic changes following stand-alone XLIF” by K. Kita, T. Sakai, M. Abe, Y. Takata and K. Sairyo (Eur Spine J; 2017. doi:10.1007/s00586-017-4945-6)

Original Article

Titanium vs cobalt chromium: what is the best rod material to enhance adolescent idiopathic scoliosis correction with sublaminar bands?

Original Article

Association between IGF1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (rs5742612) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis

Original Article

Porcine spine finite element model: a complementary tool to experimental scoliosis fusionless instrumentation

Original Article

Defining the bone morphometry, micro-architecture and volumetric density profile in osteopenic vs non-osteopenic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis