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Journal of Gastroenterology
Published in: Journal of Gastroenterology 4/2018

Open Access 01-04-2018 | Review

Clinical importance of IL-22 cascade in IBD

Authors: Atsushi Mizoguchi, Arisa Yano, Hidetomo Himuro, Yui Ezaki, Takayuki Sadanaga, Emiko Mizoguchi

Published in: Journal of Gastroenterology | Issue 4/2018

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Abstract

IL-22 is a relatively new cytokine that is characterized by several unique biological properties. In the intestines, the effect of IL-22 is restricted mainly to non-lymphoid cells such as epithelial cells. Interestingly, the expression pattern and major cellular source of IL-22 have distinct difference between large and small intestines. IL-22 possesses an ability to constitutively activate STAT3 for promoting epithelial cell regeneration and reinforcing mucosal barrier integrity through stimulating the expression of anti-bacterial peptide and mucins. Of note, IL-22 is characterized as a two-faced cytokine that can play not only protective but also deleterious roles in the intestinal inflammation depending on the cytokine environment such as the expression levels of IL-23, T-bet, and IL-22 binding protein. Most importantly, clinical relevance of IL-22 to inflammatory bowel disease has been well highlighted. Mucosal healing, which represents the current therapeutic goal for IBD, can be induced by IL-22. Indeed, indigo naturalis, which can activate IL-22 pathway through Ahr, has been shown in a clinical trial to exhibit a strong therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis. Despite the beneficial effect of IL-22, continuous activation of the IL-22 pathway increases the risk of colitis-associated cancer, particularly in patients with an extended history of IBD. This review article discusses how IL-22 regulates colitis, how beneficial versus deleterious effects of IL-22 is determined, and why IL-22 represents a promising target for IBD therapy.
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Metadata
Title
Clinical importance of IL-22 cascade in IBD
Authors
Atsushi Mizoguchi
Arisa Yano
Hidetomo Himuro
Yui Ezaki
Takayuki Sadanaga
Emiko Mizoguchi
Publication date
01-04-2018
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Journal of Gastroenterology / Issue 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0944-1174
Electronic ISSN: 1435-5922
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-017-1401-7

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