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Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences
Published in: Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences 1/2013

01-01-2013 | Guideline

TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis

Authors: Yasutoshi Kimura, Tadahiro Takada, Steven M. Strasberg, Henry A. Pitt, Dirk J. Gouma, O. James Garden, Markus W. Büchler, John A. Windsor, Toshihiko Mayumi, Masahiro Yoshida, Fumihiko Miura, Ryota Higuchi, Toshifumi Gabata, Jiro Hata, Harumi Gomi, Christos Dervenis, Wan-Yee Lau, Giulio Belli, Myung-Hwan Kim, Serafin C. Hilvano, Yuichi Yamashita

Published in: Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

While referring to the evidence adopted in the Tokyo Guidelines 2007 (TG07) as well as subsequently obtained evidence, further discussion took place on terminology, etiology, and epidemiological data. In particular, new findings have accumulated on the occurrence of symptoms in patients with gallstones, frequency of severe cholecystitis and cholangitis, onset of cholecystitis and cholangitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and medications, mortality rate, and recurrence rate. The primary etiology of acute cholangitis/cholecystitis is the presence of stones. Next to stones, the most significant etiology of acute cholangitis is benign/malignant stenosis of the biliary tract. On the other hand, there is another type of acute cholecystitis, acute acalculous cholecystitis, in which stones are not involved as causative factors. Risk factors for acute acalculous cholecystitis include surgery, trauma, burn, and parenteral nutrition. After 2000, the mortality rate of acute cholangitis has been about 10 %, while that of acute cholecystitis has generally been less than 1 %. After the publication of TG07, diagnostic criteria and severity assessment criteria were standardized, and the distribution of cases according to severity and comparison of clinical data among target populations have become more subjective. The concept of healthcare-associated infections is important in the current treatment of infection. The treatment of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis substantially differs from that of community-acquired infections. Cholangitis and cholecystitis as healthcare-associated infections are clearly described in the updated Tokyo Guidelines (TG13).
Free full-text articles and a mobile application of TG13 are available via http://​www.​jshbps.​jp/​en/​guideline/​tg13.​html.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis
Authors
Yasutoshi Kimura
Tadahiro Takada
Steven M. Strasberg
Henry A. Pitt
Dirk J. Gouma
O. James Garden
Markus W. Büchler
John A. Windsor
Toshihiko Mayumi
Masahiro Yoshida
Fumihiko Miura
Ryota Higuchi
Toshifumi Gabata
Jiro Hata
Harumi Gomi
Christos Dervenis
Wan-Yee Lau
Giulio Belli
Myung-Hwan Kim
Serafin C. Hilvano
Yuichi Yamashita
Publication date
01-01-2013
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences / Issue 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1868-6974
Electronic ISSN: 1868-6982
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00534-012-0564-0

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