Top

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

Published in:

01-12-2018 | Review – Cancer Research

Melanoma treatment: from conventional to nanotechnology

Authors: Harshita Mishra, Pawan K. Mishra, Adam Ekielski, Manu Jaggi, Zeenat Iqbal, Sushama Talegaonkar

Published in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology | Issue 12/2018

Abstract

Introduction

Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer causing most of the skin cancer-related deaths. The incidence of melanoma has risen so dramatically over past few years that no other solid or blood malignancy comes close to it in terms of increased incidence. The main problem associated with the treatment of melanoma is low response rate to the existing treatment modalities, which in turn is due to the incomplete response by chemotherapeutic agents and inherent resistance of melanoma cells.

Materials and Methods

Conventional therapeutic strategies, as well as, recent literature on melanoma have been thoroughly studied. This review summarizes the base of anti-melanoma treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, followed by an account of recent studies which explored the potential of nanotechnology and newer strategies and agents in melanoma treatment.

Conclusion

Although melanoma is curable if detected in its early localized form, metastatic melanoma continues to be a therapeutic challenge. Metastatic melanoma has a very poor prognosis and conventional therapies have not improved the outcomes of the treatment so far. For this reason, newer combinations of anti-melanoma drugs and newer strategies utilizing nanotechnology have been constantly explored.

Abo-Elfadl MT, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Elshafey MM, Abdalla GM, Ali SS, Ali MRK, Zawrah MFM (2016) Photothermal therapeutic effect of PEGylated gold nano-semicubes in chemically-induced skin cancer in mice. J Photochem Photobiol B 164:21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.012 CrossRefPubMed

Alupei MC, Licarete E, Patras L, Banciu M (2015) Liposomal simvastatin inhibits tumor growth via targeting tumor-associated macrophages-mediated oxidative stress. Cancer Lett 356(2, part B):946–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.010 CrossRefPubMed

Apalla Z, Nashan D, Weller RB, Castellsagué X (2017) Skin cancer: epidemiology, disease burden, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. Dermatol Therapy 7(1):5–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-016-0165-y CrossRef

Ascierto PA, McArthur GA, Dréno B, Larkin J, Liszkay G, Maio M, Ribas A (2015) coBRIM: a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of vemurafenib versus vemurafenib + cobimetinib in previously untreated BRAFV600 mutation—positive patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic melanoma (NCT01689519). J Transl Med 13(1):O4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-13-S1-O4 CrossRefPubMedCentral

Aspord C, Tramcourt L, Leloup C, Molens J-P, Leccia M-T, Charles J, Plumas J (2014) Imiquimod inhibits melanoma development by promoting pDC cytotoxic functions and impeding tumor vascularization. J Invest Dermatol 134(10):2551–2561. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.194 CrossRefPubMed

Atkins MB, Lotze MT, Dutcher JP, Fisher RI, Weiss G, Margolin K, Rosenberg SA (1999) High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993. J Clin Oncol 17(7):2105–2105. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.7.2105 CrossRefPubMed

Atkins MB, Kunkel L, Sznol M, Rosenberg SA (2000) High-dose recombinant interleukin-2 therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma: long-term survival update. Cancer J Sci Am 6(Suppl 1):S11–S14PubMed

Bajetta E, Del Vecchio M, Nova P, Fusi A, Daponte A, Sertoli MR, Cascinelli N (2006) Multicenter phase III randomized trial of polychemotherapy (CVD regimen) versus the same chemotherapy (CT) plus subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon-α2b in metastatic melanoma. Ann Oncol 17(4):571–577. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdl007 CrossRefPubMed

Barui S, Saha S, Yakati V, Chaudhuri A (2016) Systemic codelivery of a homoserine derived ceramide analogue and curcumin to tumor vasculature inhibits mouse tumor growth. Mol Pharm 13(2):404–419. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00644 CrossRefPubMed

Bhatia S, Tykodi SS, Thompson JA (2009) Treatment of metastatic melanoma: an overview. Oncology (Williston Park NY) 23(6):488–496

Blesa JMG, Pulido EG, Candel VA, Pulla MP (2011) Melanoma: from darkness to promise. Am J Clin Oncol 34(2):179. https://doi.org/10.1097/COC.0b013e3181d6b427 CrossRef

Bollu VS, Barui AK, Mondal SK, Prashar S, Fajardo M, Briones D, Gómez-Ruiz S (2016) Curcumin-loaded silica-based mesoporous materials: synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic properties against cancer cells. Mater Sci Eng C 63:393–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.011 CrossRef

Bottoni U, Bonaccorsi P, Devirgiliis V, Panasiti V, Borroni RG, Trasimeni G, Calvieri S (2005) Complete remission of brain metastases in three patients with stage IV melanoma treated with BOLD and G-CSF. Jpn J Clin Oncol 35(9):507–513. https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyi141 CrossRefPubMed

Calderon-Gonzalez R, Terán-Navarro H, García I, Marradi M, Salcines-Cuevas D, Yañez-Diaz S, Álvarez-Domínguez C (2017) Gold glyconanoparticles coupled to listeriolysin O 91–99 peptide serve as adjuvant therapy against melanoma. Nanoscale 9(30):10721–10732. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR02494K CrossRefPubMed

Camerin M, Moreno M, Marín MJ, Schofield CL, Chambrier I, Cook MJ, Russell DA (2016) Delivery of a hydrophobic phthalocyanine photosensitizer using PEGylated gold nanoparticle conjugates for the in vivo photodynamic therapy of amelanotic melanoma. Photochem Photobiol Sci 15(5):618–625. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5PP00463B CrossRefPubMed

Carvajal RD, Antonescu CR, Wolchok JD, Chapman PB, Roman R-A, Teitcher J, Schwartz GK (2011) KIT as a therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma. JAMA 305(22):2327–2334. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.746 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chakraborty R, Basu T (2017) Metallic copper nanoparticles induce apoptosis in a human skin melanoma A-375 cell line. Nanotechnology 28(10):105101. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa57b0 CrossRefPubMed

Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, Haanen JB, Ascierto P, Larkin J, McArthur GA (2011) Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med 364(26):2507–2516. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1103782 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chen J, Shao R, Zhang XD, Chen C (2013) Applications of nanotechnology for melanoma treatment, diagnosis, and theranostics. Int J Nanomed 8:2677–2688. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S45429 CrossRef

Chen Z, Zhang T, Wu B, Zhang X (2016) Insights into the therapeutic potential of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α small interfering RNA in malignant melanoma delivered via folate-decorated cationic liposomes. Int J Nanomed 11:991–1002. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S101872 CrossRef

Cheng Y, Chang Y, Feng Y, Liu N, Sun X, Feng Y, Zhang H (2017) Simulated sunlight-mediated photodynamic therapy for melanoma skin cancer by titanium-dioxide-nanoparticle–gold-nanocluster–graphene heterogeneous nanocomposites. Small. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201603935 CrossRefPubMed

Chiarion-Sileni V, Guida M, Ridolfi R, Romanini A, Brugnara S, Bianco D, De Salvo PG (2008) Temozolomide (TMZ) as prophylaxis for melanoma brain metastases (BrM): results from a phase III, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 26(15_suppl):20014–20014. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.20014 CrossRef

Choi BB, Kim MS, Song KW, Kim UK, Hong JW, Lee HJ, Kim GC (2015) Targeting NEU protein in melanoma cells with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and gold nanoparticles. J Biomed Nanotechnol 11(5):900–905. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2015.1999 CrossRefPubMed

Choi BBR, Choi JH, Hong JW, Song KW, Lee HJ, Kim UK, Kim GC (2017) Selective killing of melanoma cells with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and p-FAK antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles. Int J Med Sci 14(11):1101–1109. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.20104 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Clark JI, Moon J, Hutchins LF, Sosman JA, Kast WM, Da Silva DM, Sondak VK (2010) Phase 2 trial of combination thalidomide plus temozolomide in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma: Southwest Oncology Group S0508. Cancer 116(2):424–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24739 CrossRefPubMed

Coates AS, Segelov E (1994) Long term response to chemotherapy in patients with visceral metastatic melanoma. Ann Oncol 5(3):249–251. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058802 CrossRefPubMed

Curtin JA, Busam K, Pinkel D, Bastian BC (2006) Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma. J Clin Oncol 24(26):4340–4346. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.06.2984 CrossRefPubMed

de Menezes Furtado C, de Faria FSEDV, Azevedo RB, Py-Daniel K, dos Santos Camara AL, da Silva JR, Degterev IA (2017) Tectona grandis leaf extract, free and associated with nanoemulsions, as a possible photosensitizer of mouse melanoma B16 cell. J Photochem Photobiol B 167:242–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.004 CrossRefPubMed

Della Giovampaola C, Capone A, Ermini L, Lupetti P, Vannuccini E, Finetti F, Bonechi C (2017) Formulation of liposomes functionalized with Lotus lectin and effective in targeting highly proliferative cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1861(4):860–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.015 CrossRefPubMed

Deng C, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Sun X, Gong T, Zhang Z (2017) Coadministration of oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes with tumor-penetrating peptide-iRGD enhances the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin against melanoma. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(2):1280–1292. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b13738 CrossRefPubMed

Di Franco S, Turdo A, Todaro M, Stassi G (2017) Role of type I and II interferons in colorectal cancer and melanoma. Front Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00878 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dicheva BM, Hagen TLM, ten Seynhaeve ALB, Amin M, Eggermont AMM, Koning GA (2015) Enhanced specificity and drug delivery in tumors by cRGD—anchoring thermosensitive liposomes. Pharm Res 32(12):3862–3876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-015-1746-7 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dorrani M, Garbuzenko OB, Minko T, Michniak-Kohn B (2016) Development of edge-activated liposomes for siRNA delivery to human basal epidermis for melanoma therapy. J Controll Release 228:150–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.010 CrossRef

Drewes CC, Fiel LA, Bexiga CG, Asbahr ACC, Uchiyama MK, Cogliati B, Farsky SP (2016) Novel therapeutic mechanisms determine the effectiveness of lipid-core nanocapsules on melanoma models. Int J Nanomed 11:1261–1279. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S101543 CrossRef

Eisen T, Ahmad T, Flaherty KT, Gore M, Kaye S, Marais R, Ratain MJ (2006) Sorafenib in advanced melanoma: a Phase II randomised discontinuation trial analysis. Br J Cancer 95(5):581. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603291 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fadel TR, Sharp FA, Vudattu N, Ragheb R, Garyu J, Kim D, Fahmy TM (2014) A carbon nanotube–polymer composite for T-cell therapy. Nat Nanotechnol 9(8):639. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.154 CrossRefPubMed

Falchook GS, Long GV, Kurzrock R, Kim KB, Arkenau TH, Brown MP, Kefford RF (2012) Dabrafenib in patients with melanoma, untreated brain metastases, and other solid tumours: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet 379(9829):1893–1901. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60398-5 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Flaherty KT, Lee SJ, Schuchter LM, Flaherty LE, Wright JJ, Leming PD, Kirkwood JM (2010a) Final results of E2603: a double-blind, randomized phase III trial comparing carboplatin (C)/paclitaxel (P) with or without sorafenib (S) in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 28(15_suppl):8511–8511. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8511 CrossRef

Flaherty KT, Puzanov I, Kim KB, Ribas A, McArthur GA, Sosman JA, Chapman PB (2010b) Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 363(9):809–819. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1002011 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Flaherty KT, Infante JR, Daud A, Gonzalez R, Kefford RF, Sosman J, Weber J (2012a) Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. N Engl J Med 367(18):1694–1703. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1210093 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Flaherty KT, Robert C, Hersey P, Nathan P, Garbe C, Milhem M, Schadendorf D (2012b) Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med 367(2):107–114. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1203421 CrossRefPubMed

Florin V, Desmedt E, Vercambre-Darras S, Mortier L (2012) Topical treatment of cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma using combined imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil. Invest New Drugs 30(4):1641–1645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-011-9717-2 CrossRefPubMed

Fofaria NM, Qhattal HSS, Liu X, Srivastava SK (2016) Nanoemulsion formulations for anti-cancer agent piplartine—characterization, toxicological, pharmacokinetics and efficacy studies. Int J Pharm 498(1):12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.045 CrossRefPubMed

Franklin C, Livingstone E, Roesch A, Schilling B, Schadendorf D (2017) Immunotherapy in melanoma: recent advances and future directions. Eur J Surg Oncol 43(3):604–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.145 CrossRefPubMed

Freitas LF, Hamblin MR, Anzengruber F, Perussi JR, Ribeiro AO, Martins VCA, Plepis AMG (2017) Zinc phthalocyanines attached to gold nanorods for simultaneous hyperthermic and photodynamic therapies against melanoma in vitro. J Photochem Photobiol B 173:181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.037 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fu H, Shi K, Hu G, Yang Y, Kuang Q, Lu L, He Q (2015) Tumor-targeted paclitaxel delivery and enhanced penetration using TAT-decorated liposomes comprising redox-responsive poly(ethylene glycol). J Pharm Sci 104(3):1160–1173. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24291 CrossRefPubMed

Gilmartin AG, Bleam MR, Groy A, Moss KG, Minthorn EA, Kulkarni SG, Laquerre SG (2011) GSK1120212 (JTP-74057) is an inhibitor of MEK activity and activation with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for sustained in vivo pathway inhibition. Clin Cancer Res. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2200 CrossRefPubMed

Gomaa I, Sebak A, Afifi N, Abdel-Kader M (2017) Liposomal delivery of ferrous chlorophyllin: a novel third generation photosensitizer for in vitro PDT of melanoma. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther 18:162–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.186 CrossRef

Gowda R, Kardos G, Sharma A, Singh S, Robertson GP (2017) Nanoparticle-based celecoxib and plumbagin for the synergistic treatment of melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 16(3):440–452. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-16-0285 CrossRefPubMed

Grob JJ, Robert C, Long GV, Stroyakovskiy D, Levchenko E, Chiarion-Sileni V, Schadendorf D (2016) Health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) impact of dabrafenib (D) and trametinib (T) vs BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) monotherapy by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients (pts) with BRAF V600—mutant melanoma. Ann Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw379.32 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

GuhaSarkar S, Pathak K, Sudhalkar N, More P, Goda JS, Gota V, Banerjee R (2016) Synergistic locoregional chemoradiotherapy using a composite liposome-in-gel system as an injectable drug depot. Int J Nanomed 11:6435–6448. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S110525 CrossRef

Hauschild A, Agarwala SS, Trefzer U, Hogg D, Robert C, Hersey P, Keilholz U (2009) Results of a Phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol 27(17):2823–2830. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.15.7636 CrossRefPubMed

Hauschild A, Grob J-J, Demidov LV, Jouary T, Gutzmer R, Millward M, Chapman PB (2012) Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 380(9839):358–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60868-X CrossRefPubMed

Hegedũs L, Garay T, Molnár E, Varga K, Bilecz Á, Török S, Enyedi A (2017) The plasma membrane Ca²⁺ pump PMCA4b inhibits the migratory and metastatic activity of BRAF mutant melanoma cells. Int J Cancer 140(12):2758–2770. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30503 CrossRefPubMed

Heidari M, Sattarahmady N, Azarpira N, Heli H, Mehdizadeh AR, Zare T (2016) Photothermal cancer therapy by gold-ferrite nanocomposite and near-infrared laser in animal model. Lasers Med Sci 31(2):221–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-015-1847-x CrossRefPubMed

Helmbach H, Rossmann E, Kern MA, Schadendorf D (2001) Drug-resistance in human melanoma. Int J Cancer 93(5):617–622. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.1378 CrossRefPubMed

Hill GJ, Krementz ET, Hill HZ (1984) Dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide and combination therapy for melanoma IV. Late results after complete response to chemotherapy (central oncology group protocols 7130, 7131, and 7131A). Cancer 53(6):1299–1305. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19840315)53:6%3C1299::AID-CNCR2820530613%3E3.0.CO;2-4 CrossRefPubMed

Hodi FS, O’Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, Urba WJ (2010) Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 363(8):711–723. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1003466 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hofmann M, Kiecker F, Wurm R, Schlenger L, Budach V, Sterry W, Trefzer U (2006) Temozolomide with or without radiotherapy in melanoma with unresectable brain metastases. J Neuro Oncol 76(1):59–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-005-2914-0 CrossRef

Iessi E, Logozzi M, Lugini L, Azzarito T, Federici C, Spugnini EP, Fais S (2017) Acridine orange/exosomes increase the delivery and the effectiveness of acridine orange in human melanoma cells: a new prototype for theranostics of tumors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 32(1):648–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2017.1292263 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jang E-J, Choi WR, Kim S-Y, Hong S-S, Rhee I, Lee S-J, Lim S-J (2017) 2-Hydroxyoleic acid-inserted liposomes as a multifunctional carrier of anticancer drugs. Drug Deliv 24(1):1587–1597. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2017.1388452 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jiang F, Jin K, Huang S, Bao Q, Shao Z, Hu X, Ye J (2016) Liposomal C6 ceramide activates protein phosphatase 1 to inhibit melanoma cells. PLoS One 11(9):e0159849. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159849 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jiménez Pérez ZE, Mathiyalagan R, Markus J, Kim Y-J, Kang HM, Abbai R, Yang DC (2017) Ginseng-berry-mediated gold and silver nanoparticle synthesis and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity effects on human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma skin cell lines. Int J Nanomed 12:709–723. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S118373 CrossRef

Jose A, Labala S, Ninave KM, Gade SK, Venuganti VVK (2018) Effective skin cancer treatment by topical co-delivery of curcumin and STAT3 siRNA using cationic liposomes. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 19(1):166–175. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-017-0833-y CrossRef

Kang JH, Ko YT (2015) Lipid-coated gold nanocomposites for enhanced cancer therapy. Int J Nanomed 10(Spec Iss):33–45. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S88307 CrossRef

Kaufmann R, Spieth K, Leiter U, Mauch C, von den Driesch P, Vogt T, Dummer R (2005) Temozolomide in combination with interferon-alfa versus temozolomide alone in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma: a randomized, phase III, multicenter study from the Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 23(35):9001–9007. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.01.1551 CrossRefPubMed

Keilholz U, Conradt C, Legha SS, Khayat D, Scheibenbogen C, Thatcher N, Pritsch M (1998) Results of interleukin-2-based treatment in advanced melanoma: a case record-based analysis of 631 patients. J Clin Oncol 16(9):2921–2929. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.9.2921 CrossRefPubMed

Kim S-R, Kim E-H (2018) Feasibility study on the use of gold nanoparticles in fractionated kilovoltage X-ray treatment of melanoma. Int J Radiat Biol 94(1):8–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2018.1393579 CrossRefPubMed

Kirkwood JM, Strawderman MH, Ernstoff MS, Smith TJ, Borden EC, Blum RH (1996) Interferon alfa-2b adjuvant therapy of high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial EST 1684. J Clin Oncol 14(1):7–17. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.1.7 CrossRefPubMed

Kirkwood JM, Ibrahim JG, Sondak VK, Richards J, Flaherty LE, Ernstoff MS, Blum RH (2000) High- and low-dose interferon Alfa-2b in high-risk melanoma: first analysis of intergroup trial E1690/S9111/C9190. J Clin Oncol 18(12):2444–2458. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.12.2444 CrossRefPubMed

Kirkwood JM, Ibrahim JG, Sosman JA, Sondak VK, Agarwala SS, Ernstoff MS, Rao U (2001) High-dose interferon Alfa-2b significantly prolongs relapse-free and overall survival compared with the GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccine in patients with resected stage IIB-III melanoma: results of intergroup trial E1694/S9512/C509801. J Clin Oncol 19(9):2370–2380. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.9.2370 CrossRefPubMed

Kretzer IF, Maria DA, Maranhão RC (2012) Drug-targeting in combined cancer chemotherapy: tumor growth inhibition in mice by association of paclitaxel and etoposide with a cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion. Cell Oncol 35(6):451–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-012-0104-6 CrossRef

Kretzer IF, Maria DA, Guido MC, Contente TC, Maranhão RC (2016) Simvastatin increases the antineoplastic actions of paclitaxel carried in lipid nanoemulsions in melanoma-bearing mice. Int J Nanomed 11:885–904. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S88546 CrossRef

Labala S, Mandapalli PK, Kurumaddali A, Venuganti VVK (2015) Layer-by-layer polymer coated gold nanoparticles for topical delivery of imatinib mesylate to treat melanoma. Mol Pharm 12(3):878–888. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp5007163 CrossRefPubMed

Labala S, Jose A, Venuganti VVK (2016) Transcutaneous iontophoretic delivery of STAT3 siRNA using layer-by-layer chitosan coated gold nanoparticles to treat melanoma. Colloids Surf B 146:188–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.076 CrossRef

Labala S, Jose A, Chawla SR, Khan MS, Bhatnagar S, Kulkarni OP, Venuganti VVK (2017) Effective melanoma cancer suppression by iontophoretic co-delivery of STAT3 siRNA and imatinib using gold nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 525(2):407–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.087 CrossRefPubMed

Li T, Zhang M, Wang J, Wang T, Yao Y, Zhang X, Zhang N (2016) Thermosensitive hydrogel co-loaded with gold nanoparticles and doxorubicin for effective chemoradiotherapy. AAPS J 18(1):146–155. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-015-9828-3 CrossRefPubMed

Liang R, Xie J, Li J, Wang K, Liu L, Gao Y, Tao J (2017) Liposomes-coated gold nanocages with antigens and adjuvants targeted delivery to dendritic cells for enhancing antitumor immune response. Biomaterials 149:41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.029 CrossRefPubMed

Liu Q, Xu N, Liu L, Li J, Zhang Y, Shen C, Tao J (2017) Dacarbazine-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles grafted with folic acid for enhancing antimetastatic melanoma response. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(26):21673–21687. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05278 CrossRefPubMed

Long GV, Stroyakovsky DL, Gogas H, Levchenko E, de Braud F, Larkin JMG, Flaherty K (2014) COMBI-d: a randomized, double-blinded, Phase III study comparing the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib to dabrafenib and trametinib placebo as first-line therapy in patients (pts) with unresectable or metastatic BRAFV600E/K mutation-positive cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 32(15_suppl):9011–9011. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.9011 CrossRef

Lui P, Cashin R, Machado M, Hemels M, Corey-Lisle PK, Einarson TR (2007) Treatments for metastatic melanoma: synthesis of evidence from randomized trials. Cancer Treat Rev 33(8):665–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.06.004 CrossRefPubMed

Mandalà M, Voit C (2013) Targeting BRAF in melanoma: biological and clinical challenges. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 87(3):239–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.01.003 CrossRefPubMed

Margheri G, Zoppi A, Olmi R, Trigari S, Traversi R, Severi M, Rosso MD (2016) Tumor-tropic endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) loaded with near-infrared sensitive Au nanoparticles: a “cellular stove” approach to the photoablation of melanoma. Oncotarget 7(26):39846–39860. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9511 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mauldin IS, Wages NA, Stowman AM, Wang E, Olson WC, Deacon DH, Slingluff CL (2016) Topical treatment of melanoma metastases with imiquimod, plus administration of a cancer vaccine, promotes immune signatures in the metastases. Cancer Immunol Immunother 65(10):1201–1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-016-1880-z CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Menzies AM, Long GV (2014) Systemic treatment for BRAF-mutant melanoma: where do we go next? Lancet Oncol 15(9):e371–e381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70072-5 CrossRefPubMed

Mi Y, Mu C, Wolfram J, Deng Z, Hu TY, Liu X, Ferrari M (2016) A micro/nano composite for combination treatment of melanoma lung metastasis. Adv Healthc Mater 5(8):936–946. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201500910 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Middleton Mr, Grob Jj, Aaronson N, Fierlbeck G, Tilgen W, Seiter S, Thatcher N (2000) Randomized phase III study of temozolomide versus dacarbazine in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 18(1):158–158. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.1.158 CrossRefPubMed

Monge-Fuentes V, Muehlmann LA, Longo JPF, Silva JR, Fascineli ML, de Souza P, Azevedo RB (2017) Photodynamic therapy mediated by acai oil (Euterpe oleracea Martius) in nanoemulsion: a potential treatment for melanoma. J Photochem Photobiol B 166:301–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.002 CrossRefPubMed

Moon SD, Spencer JM (2013) Clearance of invasive melanoma with topical imiquimod. J Drugs Dermatol 12(1):107–108PubMed

Mousavi M, Nedaei HA, Khoei S, Eynali S, Khoshgard K, Robatjazi M, Rad RI (2017) Enhancement of radiosensitivity of melanoma cells by pegylated gold nanoparticles under irradiation of megavoltage electrons. Int J Radiat Biol 93(2):214–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2017.1231944 CrossRefPubMed

Muddineti OS, Kumari P, Ajjarapu S, Lakhani PM, Bahl R, Ghosh B, Biswas S (2016) Xanthan gum stabilized PEGylated gold nanoparticles for improved delivery of curcumin in cancer. Nanotechnology 27(32):325101. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/32/325101 CrossRefPubMed

Mukhopadhyay R, Kazi J, Debnath MC (2018) Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles stabilized with Quisqualis indica extract: evaluation of its cytotoxicity and apoptosis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 97:1373–1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.167 CrossRefPubMed

Naserzadeh P, Esfeh FA, Kaviani M, Ashtari K, Kheirbakhsh R, Salimi A, Pourahmad J (2017) Single-walled carbon nanotube, multi-walled carbon nanotube and Fe2O3 nanoparticles induced mitochondria mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells. Cutan Ocular Toxicol 0(0):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2017.1363227 CrossRef

Nave M, Castro RE, Rodrigues CM, Casini A, Soveral G, Gaspar MM (2016) Nanoformulations of a potent copper-based aquaporin inhibitor with cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. Nanomedicine 11(14):1817–1830. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2016-0086 CrossRefPubMed

Neumann S, Shirley SA, Kemp RA, Hook SM (2016) Improved antitumor activity of a therapeutic melanoma vaccine through the use of the dual COX-2/5-LO inhibitor licofelone. Front Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00537 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nicholas S, Mathios D, Jackson C, Lim M (2013) Metastatic melanoma to the brain: surgery and radiation is still the standard of care. Curr Treat Options Oncol 14(2):264–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-013-0228-6 CrossRefPubMed

Nikolaou VA, Stratigos AJ, Flaherty KT, Tsao H (2012) Melanoma: new insights and new therapies. J Investig Dermatol 132(3, part 2):854–863. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.421 CrossRefPubMed

Ogbodu RO, Ndhundhuma I, Karsten A, Nyokong T (2015) Photodynamic therapy effect of zinc monoamino phthalocyanine–folic acid conjugate adsorbed on single walled carbon nanotubes on melanoma cells. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 137:1120–1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.033 CrossRef

Paraiso KHT, Fedorenko IV, Cantini LP, Munko AC, Hall M, Sondak VK, Smalley KSM (2010) Recovery of phospho-ERK activity allows melanoma cells to escape from BRAF inhibitor therapy. Br J Cancer 102(12):1724. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605714 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Patel PM, Suciu S, Mortier L, Kruit WH, Robert C, Schadendorf D, Spatz A (2011) Extended schedule, escalated dose temozolomide versus dacarbazine in stage IV melanoma: final results of a randomised phase III study (EORTC 18032). Eur J Cancer 47(10):1476–1483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.04.030 CrossRefPubMed

Pawar S, Shevalkar G, Vavia P (2016) Glucosamine-anchored doxorubicin-loaded targeted nano-niosomes: pharmacokinetic, toxicity and pharmacodynamic evaluation. J Drug Target 24(8):730–743. https://doi.org/10.3109/1061186X.2016.1154560 CrossRefPubMed

Piaggio F, Kondylis V, Pastorino F, Di Paolo D, Perri P, Cossu I, Brignole C (2016) A novel liposomal Clodronate depletes tumor-associated macrophages in primary and metastatic melanoma: anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects. J Controll Release 223:165–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.037 CrossRef

Quan WDY, Quan FM, Perez M, Johnson E (2012) Outpatient intravenous interleukin-2 with famotidine has activity in metastatic melanoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 27(7):442–445. https://doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2012.1239 CrossRefPubMed

Quirt I, Verma S, Petrella T, Bak K, Charette M (2007) Temozolomide for the treatment of metastatic melanoma: a systematic review. Oncologist 12(9):1114–1123. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.12-9-1114 CrossRefPubMed

Rajakulendran T, Adam DN (2014) Bench to bedside: mechanistic principles of targeting the RAF kinase in melanoma. Int J Dermatol 53(12):1428–1433. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.12724 CrossRefPubMed

Resnier P, Galopin N, Sibiril Y, Clavreul A, Cayon J, Briganti A, Passirani C (2017) Efficient ferrocifen anticancer drug and Bcl-2 gene therapy using lipid nanocapsules on human melanoma xenograft in mouse. Pharmacol Res 126:54–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.031 CrossRefPubMed

Ribas A, Gonzalez R, Pavlick A, Hamid O, Gajewski TF, Daud A, McArthur GA (2014) Combination of vemurafenib and cobimetinib in patients with advanced BRAFV600-mutated melanoma: a phase 1b study. Lancet Oncol 15(9):954–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70301-8 CrossRefPubMed

Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, O’Day S, Weber J, Garbe C, Wolchok JD (2011) Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 364(26):2517–2526. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1104621 CrossRefPubMed

Sadhu SS, Wang S, Dachineni R, Averineni RK, Yang Y, Yin H, Guan X (2017) In vitro and in vivo tumor growth inhibition by glutathione disulfide liposomes. Cancer Growth Metast. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179064417696070 CrossRef

Saha A, Mohapatra S, Das G, Jana B, Ghosh S, Bhunia D, Ghosh S (2017) Cancer cell specific delivery of photosystem I through integrin targeted liposome shows significant anticancer activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(1):176–188. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b13352 CrossRefPubMed

Serrone L, Zeuli M, Sega FM, Cognetti F (2000) Dacarbazine-based chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma: thirty-year experience overview. J Exp Clin Cancer Re 19(1):21–34

Shakeel F, Haq N, Al-Dhfyan A, Alanazi FK, Alsarra IA (2015) Chemoprevention of skin cancer using low HLB surfactant nanoemulsion of 5-fluorouracil: a preliminary study. Drug Deliv 22(4):573–580. https://doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2013.868557 CrossRefPubMed

Shanei A, Sazgarnia A, Dolat E, Hojaji-Najafabadi L, Sehhati M, Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi M (2017) Dual function of gold nanoparticles in synergism with mitoxantrone and microwave hyperthermia against melanoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 18(11):2911–2917. https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.11.2911 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shi K, Li J, Cao Z, Yang P, Qiu Y, Yang B, He Q (2015a) A pH-responsive cell-penetrating peptide-modified liposomes with active recognizing of integrin αvβ3 for the treatment of melanoma. J Controll Release 217:138–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.009 CrossRef

Shi VY, Tran K, Patel F, Leventhal J, Konia T, Fung MA, Maverakis E (2015b) 100% Complete response rate in patients with cutaneous metastatic melanoma treated with intralesional interleukin (IL)-2, imiquimod, and topical retinoid combination therapy: results of a case series. J Am Acad Dermatol 73(4):645–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.060 CrossRefPubMed

Sileni VC, Nortilli R, Aversa SML, Paccagnella A, Medici M, Corti L, Monfardini S (2001) Phase II randomized study of dacarbazine, carmustine, cisplatin and tamoxifen versus dacarbazine alone in advanced melanoma patients. Melanoma Res 11(2):189CrossRef

Singh SP, Alvi SB, Pemmaraju DB, Singh AD, Manda SV, Srivastava R, Rengan AK (2017) NIR triggered liposome gold nanoparticles entrapping curcumin as in situ adjuvant for photothermal treatment of skin cancer. Int J Biol Macromol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.163 CrossRefPubMed

Sisti A, Sisti G, Oranges CM (2014) Topical treatment of melanoma skin metastases with imiquimod: a review. Dermatol Online J 21:2

Siu KS, Chen D, Zheng X, Zhang X, Johnston N, Liu Y, Min W-P (2014) Non-covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube for topical siRNA delivery into melanoma. Biomaterials 35(10):3435–3442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.079 CrossRefPubMed

Sobhani Z, Behnam MA, Emami F, Dehghanian A, Jamhiri I (2017) Photothermal therapy of melanoma tumor using multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomed 12:4509–4517. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S134661 CrossRef

Song H, Su X, Yang K, Niu F, Li J, Song J, Gao J (2015a) CD20 antibody-conjugated immunoliposomes for targeted chemotherapy of melanoma cancer initiating cells. J Biomed Nanotechnol 11(11):1927–1946. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2015.2129 CrossRefPubMed

Song H, Xu Q, Zhu Y, Zhu S, Tang H, Wang Y, Zhao S (2015b) Serum adsorption, cellular internalization and consequent impact of cuprous oxide nanoparticles on uveal melanoma cells: implications for cancer therapy. Nanomedicine 10(24):3547–3562. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.15.178 CrossRefPubMed

Sosman JA, Kim KB, Schuchter L, Gonzalez R, Pavlick AC, Weber JS, Ribas A (2012) Survival in BRAF V600—mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib. N Engl J Med 366(8):707–714. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1112302 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Su P-J, Chen J-S, Liaw C-C, Chang H-K, Wang H-M, Yang T-S, Chang JW-C (2011) Biochemotherapy with carmustine, cisplatin, dacarbazine, tamoxifen and low-dose interleukin-2 for patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Chang Gung Med J 34(5):478–486PubMed

Sue GR, Hanlon A, Lazova R, Narayan D (2014) Use of imiquimod for residual acral melanoma. BMJ Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-203826 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tchounwou C, Sinha SS, Nellore VBP, Pramanik A, Kanchanapally R, Jones S, Ray PC (2015) Hybrid theranostic platform for second near-IR window light triggered selective two-photon imaging and photothermal killing of targeted melanoma cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7(37):20649–20656. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b05225 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tupal A, Sabzichi M, Ramezani F, Kouhsoltani M, Hamishehkar H (2016) Dermal delivery of doxorubicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of skin cancer. J Microencapsul 33(4):372–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2016.1200150 CrossRefPubMed

Turza K, Dengel LT, Harris RC, Patterson JW, White K, Grosh WW, Slingluff CL (2010) Effectiveness of imiquimod limited to dermal melanoma metastases, with simultaneous resistance of subcutaneous metastasis. J Cutan Pathol 37(1):94–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01290.x CrossRefPubMed

Velho TR (2012) Metastatic melanoma—a review of current and future drugs. Drugs Context. https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.212242 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Volder MFLD, Tawfick SH, Baughman RH, Hart AJ (2013) Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications. Science 339(6119):535–539. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1222453 CrossRefPubMed

Wang H, Sheng W (2017) 131I-traced PLGA-lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers for the targeted chemotherapeutic treatment of melanoma. Nanoscale Res Lett 12:365. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-017-2140-7 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wang Y, Yang F, Zhang H-X, Zi X-Y, Pan X-H, Chen F, Hu Y-P (2013) Cuprous oxide nanoparticles inhibit the growth and metastasis of melanoma by targeting mitochondria. Cell Death Dis 4(8):e783. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2013.314 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wang S, Riedinger A, Li H, Fu C, Liu H, Li L, Pellegrino T (2015) Plasmonic copper sulfide nanocrystals exhibiting near-infrared photothermal and photodynamic therapeutic effects. ACS Nano 9(2):1788–1800. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn506687t CrossRefPubMed

Wang P, Zhang L, Zheng W, Cong L, Guo Z, Xie Y, Jiang X (2018) Thermo-triggered release of CRISPR-Cas9 system by lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles for tumor therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201708689 CrossRef

Xu H, Hu M, Yu X, Li Y, Fu Y, Zhou X, Li J (2015) Design and evaluation of pH-sensitive liposomes constructed by poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-cholesterol hemisuccinate for doxorubicin delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 91:66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.01.030 CrossRefPubMed

Yamazaki N, Yamakawa S, Sugimoto T, Yoshizaki Y, Teranishi R, Hayashi T, Kono K (2017) Carboxylated phytosterol derivative-introduced liposomes for skin environment-responsive transdermal drug delivery system. J Liposome Res 0(0):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2017.1369995 CrossRef

Yang Y-S, Carney RP, Stellacci F, Irvine DJ (2014) Enhancing radiotherapy by lipid nanocapsule-mediated delivery of amphiphilic gold nanoparticles to intracellular membranes. ACS Nano 8(9):8992–9002. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn502146r CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yang Y, Tai X, Shi K, Ruan S, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, He Q (2016) A new concept of enhancing immuno-chemotherapeutic effects against B16F10 tumor via systemic administration by taking advantages of the limitation of EPR effect. Theranostics 6(12):2141–2160. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.16184 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yang C-C, Hung C-F, Chen B-H (2017) Preparation of coffee oil-algae oil-based nanoemulsions and the study of their inhibition effect on UVA-induced skin damage in mice and melanoma cell growth. Int J Nanomed 12:6559–6580. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S144705 CrossRef

Yu B, Wang Y, Yu X, Zhang H, Zhu J, Wang C, Zhu H (2017) Cuprous oxide nanoparticle-inhibited melanoma progress by targeting melanoma stem cells. Int J Nanomed 12:2553–2567. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S130753 CrossRef

Zhang X, Teodoro JG, Nadeau JL (2015) Intratumoral gold-doxorubicin is effective in treating melanoma in mice. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 11(6):1365–1375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2015.04.001 CrossRef

Zhang Q, Zhang L, Li Z, Xie X, Gao X, Xu X (2017) Inducing controlled release and increased tumor-targeted delivery of chlorambucil via albumin/liposome hybrid nanoparticles. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 18(8):2977–2986. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-017-0782-5 CrossRef

Zhuang X, Wu T, Zhao Y, Hu X, Bao Y, Guo Y, Zhang Z (2016) Lipid-enveloped zinc phosphate hybrid nanoparticles for codelivery of H-2Kb and H-2Db-restricted antigenic peptides and monophosphoryl lipid A to induce antitumor immunity against melanoma. J Controll Release 228:26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.035 CrossRef

Title: Melanoma treatment: from conventional to nanotechnology
Authors: Harshita Mishra
Pawan K. Mishra
Adam Ekielski
Manu Jaggi
Zeenat Iqbal
Sushama Talegaonkar
Publication date: 01-12-2018
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology / Issue 12/2018
Print ISSN: 0171-5216
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1335
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-018-2726-1

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 12/2018

Pre-treatment metabolic tumor volume predicts tumor metastasis and progression in high-grade salivary gland carcinoma

Multigene panel testing beyond BRCA1/2 in breast/ovarian cancer Spanish families and clinical actionability of findings

Signaling network involved in the GPC3-induced inhibition of breast cancer progression: role of canonical Wnt pathway

Circulating microRNA-99 family as liquid biopsy marker in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Modified AJCC staging of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma based on T staging can improve the capacity of prognosis assessment

Progress in gene therapy using oncolytic vaccinia virus as vectors

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage