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Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology 2/2020

Open Access 01-04-2020 | Gonococcus | Review

Multiresistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a new threat in second decade of the XXI century

Authors: Beata Młynarczyk-Bonikowska, Anna Majewska, Magdalena Malejczyk, Grażyna Młynarczyk, Sławomir Majewski

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 2/2020

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Abstract

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an etiologic agent of gonorrhoea, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases caused by bacteria. For many years, infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae were considered to be relatively easy to treat; however, resistance has emerged successively to all therapeutic agents used in treatment of the disease, e.g., penicillin, ciprofloxacin or azithromycin. Currently, the global problem is the emergence and a threat of spread of N. gonorrhoeae strains resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC), such as injectable ceftriaxone and oral-used cefixime. Especially, dangerous are multi-resistant strains resistant simultaneously to ESC and azithromycin. Three strains with high-level resistance to azithromycin and resistant to ESC were first time isolated in 2018. Moreover, in 2018, the first ESBL was described in N. gonorrhoeae and that makes the threat of appearing the ESBL mechanism of resistance in N. gonorrhoeae more real, even though the strain was sensitive to ceftriaxone. Molecular typing revealed that variants resistant to ESC occurred also among strains belonging to epidemic clonal complex CC1 (genogroup G1407) distinguished in NG-MAST typing system. The G1407 genogroup, in particular the ST1407 sequence type, is currently dominant in most European countries. The presence of different mechanisms of drug resistance significantly affects clinical practice and force changes in treatment regimens and introduction of new drugs.
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Metadata
Title
Multiresistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a new threat in second decade of the XXI century
Authors
Beata Młynarczyk-Bonikowska
Anna Majewska
Magdalena Malejczyk
Grażyna Młynarczyk
Sławomir Majewski
Publication date
01-04-2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-019-00651-4

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