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Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology 4/2015

01-08-2015 | Review

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and innate immune responses to bacterial infections

Authors: Dimitrios Nasioudis, Steven S. Witkin

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 4/2015

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Abstract

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an essential component of the antimicrobial innate immune system, is present in neutrophils and multiple other tissues. It prevents iron acquisition by microorganisms by sequestering iron-loaded bacterial siderophores. NGAL also modulates neutrophil functions. Its production is inducible following Toll-like receptor 4 activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. NGAL is employed clinically in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury and may be useful in general in the differential diagnosis of a bacterial-mediated infectious process. Elevated levels of NGAL have been detected in the blood of patients with bacterial urinary tract infection, community-acquired pneumonia, sepsis, as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid and peritoneal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis and peritonitis. Some bacteria have developed resistance to NGAL-mediated iron sequestration by production of modified siderophores that are not recognized by NGAL.
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Metadata
Title
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and innate immune responses to bacterial infections
Authors
Dimitrios Nasioudis
Steven S. Witkin
Publication date
01-08-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-015-0394-1

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