Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Virchows Archiv 6/2019

Open Access 01-06-2019 | Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization | Original Article

Recommendations for the clinical interpretation and reporting of copy number gains using gene panel NGS analysis in routine diagnostics

Authors: Astrid Eijkelenboom, Bastiaan B. J. Tops, Anke van den Berg, Adrianus J. C. van den Brule, Winand N. M. Dinjens, Hendrikus J. Dubbink, Arja ter Elst, Willemina R. R. Geurts-Giele, Patricia J. T. A. Groenen, Floris H. Groenendijk, Daniëlle A. M. Heideman, Manon M. H. Huibers, Cornelis J. J. Huijsmans, Judith W. M. Jeuken, Léon C. van Kempen, Esther Korpershoek, Leonie I. Kroeze, Wendy W. J. de Leng, Carel J. M. van Noesel, Ernst-Jan M. Speel, Maartje J. Vogel, Tom van Wezel, Petra M. Nederlof, Ed Schuuring, Marjolijn J. L. Ligtenberg

Published in: Virchows Archiv | Issue 6/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel analysis on DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is increasingly used to also identify actionable copy number gains (gene amplifications) in addition to sequence variants. While guidelines for the reporting of sequence variants are available, guidance with respect to reporting copy number gains from gene-panel NGS data is limited. Here, we report on Dutch consensus recommendations obtained in the context of the national Predictive Analysis for THerapy (PATH) project, which aims to optimize and harmonize routine diagnostics in molecular pathology. We briefly discuss two common approaches to detect gene copy number gains from NGS data, i.e., the relative coverage and B-allele frequencies. In addition, we provide recommendations for reporting gene copy gains for clinical purposes. In addition to general QC metrics associated with NGS in routine diagnostics, it is recommended to include clinically relevant quantitative parameters of copy number gains in the clinical report, such as (i) relative coverage and estimated copy numbers in neoplastic cells, (ii) statistical scores to show significance (e.g., z-scores), and (iii) the sensitivity of the assay and restrictions of NGS-based detection of copy number gains. Collectively, this information can guide clinical and analytical decisions such as the reliable detection of high-level gene amplifications and the requirement for additional in situ assays in case of borderline results or limited sensitivity.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Sie D, Snijders PJ, Meijer GA, Doeleman MW, van Moorsel MI, van Essen HF, Eijk PP, Grunberg K, van Grieken NC, Thunnissen E, Verheul HM, Smit EF, Ylstra B, Heideman DA (2014) Performance of amplicon-based next generation DNA sequencing for diagnostic gene mutation profiling in oncopathology. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 37(5):353–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-014-0196-2 CrossRef Sie D, Snijders PJ, Meijer GA, Doeleman MW, van Moorsel MI, van Essen HF, Eijk PP, Grunberg K, van Grieken NC, Thunnissen E, Verheul HM, Smit EF, Ylstra B, Heideman DA (2014) Performance of amplicon-based next generation DNA sequencing for diagnostic gene mutation profiling in oncopathology. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 37(5):353–361. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s13402-014-0196-2 CrossRef
3.
4.
go back to reference Deans ZC, Costa JL, Cree I, Dequeker E, Edsjo A, Henderson S, Hummel M, Ligtenberg MJ, Loddo M, Machado JC, Marchetti A, Marquis K, Mason J, Normanno N, Rouleau E, Schuuring E, Snelson KM, Thunnissen E, Tops B, Williams G, van Krieken H, Hall JA, ASBL IQNP (2017) Integration of next-generation sequencing in clinical diagnostic molecular pathology laboratories for analysis of solid tumours; an expert opinion on behalf of IQN Path ASBL. Virchows Arch 470(1):5–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-016-2025-7 CrossRef Deans ZC, Costa JL, Cree I, Dequeker E, Edsjo A, Henderson S, Hummel M, Ligtenberg MJ, Loddo M, Machado JC, Marchetti A, Marquis K, Mason J, Normanno N, Rouleau E, Schuuring E, Snelson KM, Thunnissen E, Tops B, Williams G, van Krieken H, Hall JA, ASBL IQNP (2017) Integration of next-generation sequencing in clinical diagnostic molecular pathology laboratories for analysis of solid tumours; an expert opinion on behalf of IQN Path ASBL. Virchows Arch 470(1):5–20. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00428-016-2025-7 CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Li MM, Datto M, Duncavage EJ, Kulkarni S, Lindeman NI, Roy S, Tsimberidou AM, Vnencak-Jones CL, Wolff DJ, Younes A, Nikiforova MN (2017) Standards and guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of sequence variants in cancer: A Joint Consensus Recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and College of American Pathologists. J Mol Diagn 19(1):4–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.10.002 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Li MM, Datto M, Duncavage EJ, Kulkarni S, Lindeman NI, Roy S, Tsimberidou AM, Vnencak-Jones CL, Wolff DJ, Younes A, Nikiforova MN (2017) Standards and guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of sequence variants in cancer: A Joint Consensus Recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and College of American Pathologists. J Mol Diagn 19(1):4–23. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jmoldx.​2016.​10.​002 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Shen W, Szankasi P, Sederberg M, Schumacher J, Frizzell KA, Gee EP, Patel JL, South ST, Xu X, Kelley TW (2016) Concurrent detection of targeted copy number variants and mutations using a myeloid malignancy next generation sequencing panel allows comprehensive genetic analysis using a single testing strategy. Br J Haematol 173(1):49–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.13921 CrossRefPubMed Shen W, Szankasi P, Sederberg M, Schumacher J, Frizzell KA, Gee EP, Patel JL, South ST, Xu X, Kelley TW (2016) Concurrent detection of targeted copy number variants and mutations using a myeloid malignancy next generation sequencing panel allows comprehensive genetic analysis using a single testing strategy. Br J Haematol 173(1):49–58. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​bjh.​13921 CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Wikstrand CJ, Hale LP, Batra SK, Hill ML, Humphrey PA, Kurpad SN, McLendon RE, Moscatello D, Pegram CN, Reist CJ et al (1995) Monoclonal antibodies against EGFRvIII are tumor specific and react with breast and lung carcinomas and malignant gliomas. Cancer Res 55(14):3140–3148PubMed Wikstrand CJ, Hale LP, Batra SK, Hill ML, Humphrey PA, Kurpad SN, McLendon RE, Moscatello D, Pegram CN, Reist CJ et al (1995) Monoclonal antibodies against EGFRvIII are tumor specific and react with breast and lung carcinomas and malignant gliomas. Cancer Res 55(14):3140–3148PubMed
18.
go back to reference Bubendorf L, Dafni U, Schobel M, Finn SP, Tischler V, Sejda A, Marchetti A, Thunnissen E, Verbeken EK, Warth A, Sansano I, Cheney R, Speel EJM, Nonaka D, Monkhorst K, Hager H, Martorell M, Savic S, Kerr KM, Tan Q, Tsourti Z, Geiger TR, Kammler R, Schulze K, Das-Gupta A, Shames D, Peters S, Stahel RA, Lungscape C (2017) Prevalence and clinical association of MET gene overexpression and amplification in patients with NSCLC: results from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) Lungscape project. Lung Cancer 111:143–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.07.021 CrossRefPubMed Bubendorf L, Dafni U, Schobel M, Finn SP, Tischler V, Sejda A, Marchetti A, Thunnissen E, Verbeken EK, Warth A, Sansano I, Cheney R, Speel EJM, Nonaka D, Monkhorst K, Hager H, Martorell M, Savic S, Kerr KM, Tan Q, Tsourti Z, Geiger TR, Kammler R, Schulze K, Das-Gupta A, Shames D, Peters S, Stahel RA, Lungscape C (2017) Prevalence and clinical association of MET gene overexpression and amplification in patients with NSCLC: results from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) Lungscape project. Lung Cancer 111:143–149. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​lungcan.​2017.​07.​021 CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Wu YL, Zhang L, Kim DW, Liu X, Lee DH, Yang JC, Ahn MJ, Vansteenkiste JF, Su WC, Felip E, Chia V, Glaser S, Pultar P, Zhao S, Peng B, Akimov M, Tan DSW (2018) Phase Ib/II study of capmatinib (INC280) plus gefitinib after failure of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy in patients with EGFR-mutated, MET factor-dysregulated non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 36(31):3101–3109. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2018.77.7326 CrossRefPubMed Wu YL, Zhang L, Kim DW, Liu X, Lee DH, Yang JC, Ahn MJ, Vansteenkiste JF, Su WC, Felip E, Chia V, Glaser S, Pultar P, Zhao S, Peng B, Akimov M, Tan DSW (2018) Phase Ib/II study of capmatinib (INC280) plus gefitinib after failure of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy in patients with EGFR-mutated, MET factor-dysregulated non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 36(31):3101–3109. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2018.​77.​7326 CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Recommendations for the clinical interpretation and reporting of copy number gains using gene panel NGS analysis in routine diagnostics
Authors
Astrid Eijkelenboom
Bastiaan B. J. Tops
Anke van den Berg
Adrianus J. C. van den Brule
Winand N. M. Dinjens
Hendrikus J. Dubbink
Arja ter Elst
Willemina R. R. Geurts-Giele
Patricia J. T. A. Groenen
Floris H. Groenendijk
Daniëlle A. M. Heideman
Manon M. H. Huibers
Cornelis J. J. Huijsmans
Judith W. M. Jeuken
Léon C. van Kempen
Esther Korpershoek
Leonie I. Kroeze
Wendy W. J. de Leng
Carel J. M. van Noesel
Ernst-Jan M. Speel
Maartje J. Vogel
Tom van Wezel
Petra M. Nederlof
Ed Schuuring
Marjolijn J. L. Ligtenberg
Publication date
01-06-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Virchows Archiv / Issue 6/2019
Print ISSN: 0945-6317
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2307
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-019-02555-3

Other articles of this Issue 6/2019

Virchows Archiv 6/2019 Go to the issue