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01-10-2004 | Review Article

Cyclooxygenase-2 and its role in colorectal cancer development

Authors: Dominique Wendum, Joëlle Masliah, Germain Trugnan, Jean-François Fléjou

Published in: Virchows Archiv | Issue 4/2004

Abstract

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), also called prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2, is involved in colorectal tumor development. This review deals with particular questions raised in this field such as the mechanisms of COX-2 related tumor promotion, the role of the different types of cells (epithelial and interstitial) expressing COX-2, the factors that trigger COX-2 induction, and the clinical potential of selective COX-2 inhibitors to treat or prevent colorectal tumors. Several mechanisms of COX-2 related tumor promotion have been identified. Some are dependent on prostaglandin E₂ production (such as induction of cell proliferation, angiogenenis or local immunosuppression, inhibition of apoptosis, increase in cell motility) and others are not (such as carcinogen activation or malondialdehyde production). COX-2 expression has been demonstrated in epithelial cells of colorectal cancers and adenomas and also in interstitial cells. These cells correspond to macrophages and/or fibroblasts and endothelial cells. COX-2 expression in these interstitial cells participates in tumor development. Factors or events that trigger COX-2 expression include oncogene activation, antioncogene inactivation, cytokines, growth factors, some fatty acids, bile salts, and mucins. Finally, selective COX-2 inhibitors may be effective in preventing or treating colorectal adenomas or carcinomas. However, their real efficiency and the cost/benefit balance are currently evaluated, and no definite conclusion can be made at the moment.

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Title: Cyclooxygenase-2 and its role in colorectal cancer development
Authors: Dominique Wendum
Joëlle Masliah
Germain Trugnan
Jean-François Fléjou
Publication date: 01-10-2004
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Virchows Archiv / Issue 4/2004
Print ISSN: 0945-6317
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2307
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-004-1105-2

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Cyclooxygenase-2 and its role in colorectal cancer development

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