Top

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Published in:

Open Access 01-10-2016 | Original Article

Association between subchronic and chronic lead exposure and levels of antioxidants and chemokines

Authors: Michał Dobrakowski, Aleksandra Kasperczyk, Natalia Pawlas, Ewa Birkner, Edyta Hudziec, Ewa Chwalińska, Sławomir Kasperczyk

Published in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health | Issue 7/2016

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the influence of lead on the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses and the levels of chemokines in workers subchronically and chronically exposed to lead.

Methods

The study population was divided into three groups. The first group consisted of male workers subchronically exposed to lead for 40 ± 3.2 days, while the second group included male workers chronically exposed to lead. The third group was a control group.

Results

The levels of uric acid and bilirubin were significantly higher after a subchronic exposure to lead compared to the baseline by 22 and 35 %, respectively. Similarly, the values of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) increased by 15, 50, and 33 %, respectively. At the same time, the levels of thiol groups and albumin decreased by 5 and 8 %, respectively. Additionally, the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) were significantly higher after a subchronic exposure to lead compared to the baseline by 34 and 20 %, respectively. Moreover, IL-8 level was significantly higher by 40 % in the group of workers chronically exposed to lead than in the control group, while the level of interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10) was significantly lower by 28 %.

Conclusions

Similar to chronic lead exposure, subchronic exposure to lead is associated with elevated blood levels of uric acid and bilirubin in humans. This probably results in increased TAC value despite thiol depletion. However, the compensatory activation of non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses seems to be insufficient to protect against lead-induced oxidative stress, which may be additively enhanced by the pro-inflammatory action of chemokines, especially IL-8.

Abdel-Moneim AE, Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S (2011) The redox status in rats treated with flaxseed oil and lead-induced hepatotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 143:457–467CrossRef

Aguilar-Dorado IC, Hernández G, Quintanar-Escorza MA, Maldonado-Vega M, Rosas-Flores M, Calderón-Salinas JV (2014) Eryptosis in lead-exposed workers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 281:195–202. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.003 CrossRef

Aldinucci D, Colombatti A (2014) The inflammatory chemokine CCL5 and cancer progression. Mediators Inflamm 2014:292376. doi:10.1155/2014/292376 CrossRef

Al-Neamy FR, Almehdi AM, Alwash R, Pasha MA, Ibrahim A, Bener A (2001) Occupational lead exposure and amino acid profiles and liver function tests in industrial workers. Int J Environ Health Res 11:181–188CrossRef

Alya A, Ines DB, Montassar L, Najoua G, el Saloua F (2015) Oxidative stress, biochemical alterations, and hyperlipidemia in female rats induced by lead chronic toxicity during puberty and post puberty periods. Iran J Basic Med Sci 18:1034–1043

Annabi Berrahal A, Nehdi A, Hajjaji N, Gharbi N, El-Fazâa S (2007) Antioxidant enzymes activities and bilirubin level in adult rat treated with lead. C R Biol 330:581–588CrossRef

Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Giuggioli D, Ferrannini E, Ferri C, Fallahi P (2014) Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 13:272–280. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2013.10.010 CrossRef

Dobrakowski M, Zalejska-Fiolka J, Wielkoszyński T, Świętochowska E, Kasperczyk S (2014) The effect of occupational exposure to lead on the non-enzymatic antioxidant system. Med Pr 65:443–451CrossRef

Ehrlich R, Robins T, Jordaan E, Miller S, Mbuli S, Selby P, Wynchank S, Cantrell A, De Broe M, D’Haese P, Todd A, Landrigan P (1998) Lead absorption and renal dysfunction in a South African battery factory. Occup Environ Med 55:453–460CrossRef

El-Missiry MA (2000) Prophylactic effect of melatonin on lead-induced inhibition of heme biosynthesis and deterioration of antioxidant systems in male rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 14:57–62CrossRef

Erel O (2004) A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem 37:277–285CrossRef

Erel O (2005) A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem 38:1103–1111CrossRef

Fuhua P, Xuhui D, Zhiyang Z, Ying J, Yu Y, Feng T, Jia L, Lijia G, Xueqiang H (2012) Antioxidant status of bilirubin and uric acid in patients with myasthenia gravis. NeuroImmunoModulation 19:43–49CrossRef

García-Lestón J, Roma-Torres J, Mayan O, Schroecksnadel S, Fuchs D, Moreira AO, Pásaro E, Méndez J, Teixeira JP, Laffon B (2012) Assessment of immunotoxicity parameters in individuals occupationally exposed to lead. J Toxicol Environ Health A 75:807–818CrossRef

Gersch C, Palii SP, Kim KM, Angerhofer A, Johnson RJ, Henderson GN (2008) Inactivation of nitric oxide by uric acid. Nucleosides, Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 27:967–978. doi:10.1080/15257770802257952 CrossRef

Guo M, He L, Strong PJ, Wang H (2014) Binding between lead ions and the high-abundance serum proteins. Chemosphere 112:472–480. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.018 CrossRef

Hayden MR, Tyagi SC (2004) Uric acid: a new look at an old risk marker for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the urate redox shuttle. Nutr Metab (Lond) 1:10CrossRef

Heo Y, Parsons PJ, Lawrence DA (1996) Lead differentially modifies cytokine production in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 138:149–157CrossRef

Heo Y, Mondal TK, Gao D, Kasten-Jolly J, Kishikawa H, Lawrence DA (2007) Posttranscriptional inhibition of interferon-gamma production by lead. Toxicol Sci 96:92–100CrossRef

Hernández-Serrato MI, Fortoul TI, Rojas-Martínez R, Mendoza-Alvarado LR, Canales-Treviño L, Bochichio-Riccardelli T, Avila-Costa MR, Olaiz-Fernández G (2006) Lead blood concentrations and renal function evaluation: study in an exposed Mexican population. Environ Res 100:227–231CrossRef

Hsiao CL, Wu KH, Wan KS (2011) Effects of environmental lead exposure on T-helper cell-specific cytokines in children. J Immunotoxicol 8:284–287CrossRef

Iavicoli I, Carelli G, Stanek EJ 3rd, Castellino N, Calabrese EJ (2006) Below background levels of blood lead impact cytokine levels in male and female mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 210:94–99CrossRef

Ibrahim NM, Eweis EA, El-Beltagi HS, Abdel-Mobdy YE (2011) The effect of lead acetate toxicity on experimental male albino rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 144:1120–1132. doi:10.1007/s12011-011-9149-z CrossRef

Kanellis J, Watanabe S, Li JH, Kang DH, Li P, Nakagawa T, Wamsley A, Sheikh-Hamad D, Lan HY, Feng L, Johnson RJ (2003) Uric acid stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vascular smooth muscle cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2. Hypertension 41:1287–1293CrossRef

Kasperczyk S, Dobrakowski M, Ostałowska A, Kasperczyk A, Wilczyiński S, Wyparło-Wszelaki M, Kiełtucki J, Birkner E (2013) Lead-elevated activity of xanthine oxidase in lead-exposed workers. Med Pr 64:175–180

Kasperczyk S, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk J, Ostałowska A, Zalejska-Fiolka J, Birkner E (2014) Beta-carotene reduces oxidative stress, improves glutathione metabolism and modifies antioxidant defense systems in lead-exposed workers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 280:36–41. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.006 CrossRef

Khan DA, Qayyum S, Saleem S, Khan FA (2008) Lead-induced oxidative stress adversely affects health of the occupational workers. Toxicol Ind Health 24:611–618CrossRef

Konishi Y, Endo G, Kiyota A, Horiguchi S (1994) Fractional clearances of low molecular weight proteins in lead workers. Ind Health 32:119–127CrossRef

Koo P, Nagai MK, Farber E (1994) Multiple sites of control of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 in rat liver. J Biol Chem 269:14601–14606

Koster JF, Biemond P, Swaak AJ (1986) Intracellular and extracellular sulphydryl levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 45:44–46CrossRef

Kumawat KL, Kaushik DK, Goswami P, Basu A (2014) Acute exposure to lead acetate activates microglia and induces subsequent bystander neuronal death via caspase-3 activation. Neurotoxicology 41:143–153. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2014.02.002 CrossRef

Liang WY, Zhu XY, Zhang JW, Feng XR, Wang YC, Liu ML (2015) Uric acid promotes chemokine and adhesion molecule production in vascular endothelium via nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 25:187–194. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.006 CrossRef

Lin YC, Wei PL, Tsai YT, Wong JH, Chang CM, Wang JY, Hou MF, Lee YC, Chuang HY, Chang WC (2015) Pb²⁺ induced IL-8 gene expression by extracellular signal-regulated kinases and the transcription factor, activator protein 1, in human gastric carcinoma cells. Environ Toxicol 30:315–322. doi:10.1002/tox.21909 CrossRef

Liu CM, Sun YZ, Sun JM, Ma JQ, Cheng C (2012) Protective role of quercetin against lead-induced inflammatory response in rat kidney through the ROS-mediated MAPKs and NF-κB pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1693–1703. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.06.011 CrossRef

Luster AD, Rothenberg ME (1997) Role of the monocyte chemoattractant protein and eotaxin subfamily of chemokines in allergic inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 62:620–633

Maurer M, von Stebut E (2004) Macrophage inflammatory protein-1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:1882–1886CrossRef

Moon HG, Tae YM, Kim YS, Gyu Jeon S, Oh SY, Song Gho Y, Zhu Z, Kim YK (2010) Conversion of Th17-type into Th2-type inflammation by acetyl salicylic acid via the adenosine and uric acid pathway in the lung. Allergy 65:1093–1103. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02352.x

Noriega GO, Tomaro ML, del Batlle AM (2003) Bilirubin is highly effective in preventing in vivo delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative cell damage. Biochim Biophys Acta 1638:173–178CrossRef

Rankin SM, Conroy DM, Williams TJ (2000) Eotaxin and eosinophil recruitment: implications for human disease. Mol Med Today 6:20–27CrossRef

Roels H, Lauwerys R, Konings J, Buchet JP, Bernard A, Green S, Bradley D, Morgan W, Chettle D (1994) Renal function and hyperfiltration capacity in lead smelter workers with high bone lead. Occup Environ Med 51:505–512CrossRef

Soliman MM, Baiomy AA, Yassin MH (2015) Molecular and histopathological study on the ameliorative effects of curcumin against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 167:91–102. doi:10.1007/s12011-015-0280-0 CrossRef

Tandon SK, Prasad S, Singh S, Shukla M, Chatterjee M (2002) Influence of age on lead-induced oxidative stress in rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 88:59–69CrossRef

Vargas H, Castillo C, Posadas F, Escalante B (2003) Acute lead exposure induces renal heme oxygenase-1 and decreases urinary Na + excretion. Hum Exp Toxicol 22:237–244CrossRef

Wang VS, Lee MT, Chiou JY, Guu CF, Wu CC, Wu TN, Lai JS (2002) Relationship between blood lead levels and renal function in lead battery workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 75:569–575CrossRef

Wang J, Yang Z, Lin L, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Liu X (2012) Protective effect of naringenin against lead-induced oxidative stress in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 146:354–359. doi:10.1007/s12011-011-9268-6 CrossRef

Wang X, Wang L, Liu S (2015) Heme-regulated eIF2α kinase plays a crucial role in protecting erythroid cells against lead-induced hemolytic stress. Chem Res Toxicol 28:460–469. doi:10.1021/tx500422q CrossRef

Xie H, Sun J, Chen Y, Zong M, Li S, Wang Y (2015) EGCG attenuates uric acid-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress responses by medicating the NOTCH pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015:214836. doi:10.1155/2015/214836 CrossRef

Yan Z, Wang J, Li J, Jiang N, Zhang R, Yang W, Yao W, Wu W (2015) Oxidative stress and endocytosis are involved in upregulation of interleukin-8 expression in airway cells exposed to PM2.5. Environ Toxicol. doi:10.1002/tox.22188 [Epub ahead of print]

Yang Y, Zhang X, Fu Y, Yang H (2014) Leptin and IL-8: two novel cytokines screened out in childhood lead exposure. Toxicol Lett 227:172–178CrossRef

Zhou Y, Fang L, Jiang L, Wen P, Cao H, He W, Dai C, Yang J (2012) Uric acid induces renal inflammation via activating tubular NF-κB signaling pathway. PLoS ONE 7:e39738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039738 CrossRef

Title: Association between subchronic and chronic lead exposure and levels of antioxidants and chemokines
Authors: Michał Dobrakowski
Aleksandra Kasperczyk
Natalia Pawlas
Ewa Birkner
Edyta Hudziec
Ewa Chwalińska
Sławomir Kasperczyk
Publication date: 01-10-2016
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health / Issue 7/2016
Print ISSN: 0340-0131
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1144-4

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Association between subchronic and chronic lead exposure and levels of antioxidants and chemokines

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 7/2016

Does age matter in predicting musculoskeletal disorder risk? An analysis of workplace predictors over 4 years

Erratum to: Associations of multisite pain with healthcare utilization, sickness absence and restrictions at work

Effort–reward imbalance, cortisol secretion, and inflammatory activity in police officers with 24-h work shifts

Information and communication technology demands at work: the association with job strain, effort-reward imbalance and self-rated health in different socio-economic strata

Associations of multisite pain with healthcare utilization, sickness absence and restrictions at work

A longitudinal study on urinary cadmium and renal tubular protein excretion of nickel–cadmium battery workers after cessation of cadmium exposure