Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Neurology
Published in: Journal of Neurology 12/2016

01-12-2016 | Neurological Update

Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: evaluation and management

Authors: Katarina Ivana Tudor, Ryuji Sakakibara, Jalesh N. Panicker

Published in: Journal of Neurology | Issue 12/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

The lower urinary tract (LUT) in health is regulated by coordinated multi-level neurological inputs which require an intact central and peripheral nervous system. Lower urinary tract dysfunction is, therefore, a common sequelae of neurological disease and the patterns of bladder storage and voiding dysfunction depend upon the level of neurological lesion. Evaluation includes history taking, bladder diary, urological examination when relevant, ultrasonography and urodynamic testing when indicated. Antimuscarinic agents are the first line treatment for patients with storage dysfunction. Alternative treatments include intradetrusor injection of onabotulinumtoxinA, which has been shown to be of benefit in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), and neuromodulation. Intermittent catheterization remains the option of choice in patients with significant voiding dysfunction resulting in high post-void residual volumes.
Literature
1.
Fowler CJ (2007) Autonomic disorders of the urogenital system. CONTINUUM Lifelong Learn Neurol 13(6, Autonomic Disorders):165–181
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pardo JV, Fox PT, Raichle ME (1991) Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography. Nature 349(6304):61–64CrossRefPubMed
6.
Panicker JN, Fowler CJ, Kessler TM (2015) Lower urinary tract dysfunction in the neurological patient: clinical assessment and management. Lancet Neurol 14(7):720–732CrossRefPubMed
7.
Blok BF, Willemsen AT, Holstege G (1997) A PET study on brain control of micturition in humans. Brain J Neurol 120(Pt 1):111–121CrossRef
8.
Blok BF, Sturms LM, Holstege G (1998) Brain activation during micturition in women. Brain J Neurol 121(Pt 11):2033–2042CrossRef
9.
Andersson KE, Arner A (2004) Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 84(3):935–986CrossRefPubMed
10.
De Groat WC, Boothe AM (1993) Nervous control of the urogenital system (autonomic nervous system). In: Maggi CA (ed) London
11.
Matsui M, Motomura D, Fujikawa T, Jiang J, Takahashi S, Manabe T et al (2002) Mice lacking M2 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are devoid of cholinergic smooth muscle contractions but still viable. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 22(24):10627–10632
12.
Chess-Williams R (2002) Muscarinic receptors of the urinary bladder: detrusor, urothelial and prejunctional. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol 22(3):133–145CrossRefPubMed
13.
Fry CHea (2005) Incontinence. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A (eds) Health Publications Ltd, Jersey
14.
Morrison J (2005) Incontinence. In: Abraham P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A (eds) Health Publications Ltd., Jersey
15.
Janig W, Morrison JF (1986) Functional properties of spinal visceral afferents supplying abdominal and pelvic organs, with special emphasis on visceral nociception. Prog Brain Res 67:87–114CrossRefPubMed
16.
de Groat WC, Kawatani M, Hisamitsu T, Cheng CL, Ma CP, Thor K et al (1990) Mechanisms underlying the recovery of urinary bladder function following spinal cord injury. J Auton Nerv Syst 30(Suppl):S71–S77CrossRefPubMed
17.
Sakakibara R (2015) Lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with brain lesions. Handb Clin Neurol 130:269–287CrossRefPubMed
18.
Walter U, Kleinschmidt S, Rimmele F, Wunderlich C, Gemende I, Benecke R et al (2013) Potential impact of self-perceived prodromal symptoms on the early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 260(12):3077–3085CrossRefPubMed
19.
Araki I, Matsui M, Ozawa K, Nishimura M, Kuno S, Saida T (2002) Relationship between urinary symptoms and disease-related parameters in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 249(8):1010–1015CrossRefPubMed
20.
Bloch F, Pichon B, Bonnet AM, Pichon J, Vidailhet M, Roze E et al (2010) Urodynamic analysis in multiple system atrophy: characterisation of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. J Neurol 257(12):1986–1991CrossRefPubMed
21.
Podnar S, Trsinar B, Vodusek DB (2006) Bladder dysfunction in patients with cauda equina lesions. Neurourol Urodyn 25(1):23–31CrossRefPubMed
22.
Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, Kelly JJ (2012) Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies. Muscle Nerve 45(1):2–8CrossRefPubMed
23.
Panicker JN, de Seze M, Fowler CJ (2010) Rehabilitation in practice: neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and its management. Clin Rehabilit 24(7):579–589CrossRef
24.
Lawrenson R, Wyndaele JJ, Vlachonikolis I, Farmer C, Glickman S (2001) Renal failure in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neuroepidemiology 20(2):138–143CrossRefPubMed
25.
Castel-Lacanal E, Game X, Clanet M, Gasq D, De Boissezon X, Guillotreau J et al (2015) Urinary complications and risk factors in symptomatic multiple sclerosis patients. Study of a cohort of 328 patients. Neurourol Urodyn 34(1):32–36CrossRefPubMed
26.
Urinary Incontinence in Neurological Disease (2012) Management of lower urinary tract dysfunction in neurological disease. London, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Guidance
27.
Ruffion A, Castro-Diaz D, Patel H, Khalaf K, Onyenwenyi A, Globe D et al (2013) Systematic review of the epidemiology of urinary incontinence and detrusor overactivity among patients with neurogenic overactive bladder. Neuroepidemiology 41(3–4):146–155CrossRefPubMed
28.
de Seze M, Ruffion A, Denys P, Joseph PA, Perrouin-Verbe B (2007) Genulf. The neurogenic bladder in multiple sclerosis: review of the literature and proposal of management guidelines. Mult Scler 13(7):915–928CrossRefPubMed
29.
Fowler CJ, Panicker JN, Drake M, Harris C, Harrison SC, Kirby M et al (2009) A UK consensus on the management of the bladder in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80(5):470–477PubMed
30.
Chancellor MB, Anderson RU, Boone TB (2006) Pharmacotherapy for neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Am J Phys Med Rehabilit Assoc Acad Physiatr 85(6):536–545CrossRef
31.
De Ridder D, Van Der Aa F, Debruyne J, D’Hooghe MB, Dubois B, Guillaume D et al (2013) Consensus guidelines on the neurologist’s role in the management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 115(10):2033–2040CrossRefPubMed
32.
Fowler CJ (1999) Neurological disorders of micturition and their treatment. Brain J Neurol 122(Pt 7):1213–1231CrossRef
33.
Panicker JN, De Seze M, Fowler CJ (2013) Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Handb Clin Neurol 110:209–220CrossRefPubMed
34.
Panicker JN, Fowler CJ (2015) Lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol 130:371–381CrossRefPubMed
35.
Ciancio SJ, Mutchnik SE, Rivera VM, Boone TB (2001) Urodynamic pattern changes in multiple sclerosis. Urology 57(2):239–245CrossRefPubMed
36.
Buljevac D, Flach HZ, Hop WC, Hijdra D, Laman JD, Savelkoul HF et al (2002) Prospective study on the relationship between infections and multiple sclerosis exacerbations. Brain J Neurol 125(Pt 5):952–960CrossRef
37.
Smith M, Seth J, Batla A, Hofereiter J, Bhatia KP, Panicker JN (2015) Nocturia in patients with Parkinson˙s disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract
38.
Ito T, Sakakibara R, Yasuda K, Yamamoto T, Uchiyama T, Liu Z et al (2006) Incomplete emptying and urinary retention in multiple-system atrophy: when does it occur and how do we manage it? Mov Disord Off J Mov Disor Soc 21(6):816–823CrossRef
39.
Sakakibara R, Hattori T, Uchiyama T, Yamanishi T (2001) Videourodynamic and sphincter motor unit potential analyses in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 71(5):600–606CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Sakakibara R, Hattori T, Yasuda K, Yamanishi T (1996) Micturitional disturbance after acute hemispheric stroke: analysis of the lesion site by CT and MRI. J Neurol Sci 137(1):47–56CrossRefPubMed
41.
Feder M, Heller L, Tadmor R, Snir D, Solzi P, Ring H (1987) Urinary continence after stroke: association with cystometric profile and computerised tomography findings. Eur Neurol 27(2):101–105CrossRefPubMed
42.
Gelber DA, Good DC, Laven LJ, Verhulst SJ (1993) Causes of urinary incontinence after acute hemispheric stroke. Stroke J Cereb Circ 24(3):378–382CrossRef
43.
Reding MJ, McDowell F (1987) Stroke rehabilitation. Neurol Clin 5(4):601–630PubMed
44.
Han KS, Heo SH, Lee SJ, Jeon SH, Yoo KH (2010) Comparison of urodynamics between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients; can we suggest the category of urinary dysfunction in patients with cerebrovascular accident according to type of stroke? Neurourol Urodyn 29(3):387–390PubMed
45.
Tadic SD, Griffiths D, Murrin A, Schaefer W, Aizenstein HJ, Resnick NM (2010) Brain activity during bladder filling is related to white matter structural changes in older women with urinary incontinence. NeuroImage 51(4):1294–1302CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Kuchel GA, Moscufo N, Guttmann CR, Zeevi N, Wakefield D, Schmidt J et al (2009) Localization of brain white matter hyperintensities and urinary incontinence in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci 64(8):902–909CrossRef
47.
Brittain KR, Peet SM, Castleden CM (1998) Stroke and incontinence. Stroke J Cereb Circ 29(2):524–528CrossRef
48.
Rotar M, Blagus R, Jeromel M, Skrbec M, Trsinar B, Vodusek DB (2011) Stroke patients who regain urinary continence in the first week after acute first-ever stroke have better prognosis than patients with persistent lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 30(7):1315–1318PubMed
49.
Ransmayr GN, Holliger S, Schletterer K, Heidler H, Deibl M, Poewe W et al (2008) Lower urinary tract symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. Neurology 70(4):299–303CrossRefPubMed
50.
Ruffion A, Castro-Diaz D, Patel H, Khalaf K, Onyenwenyi A, Globe D et al (2013) Systematic review of the epidemiology of urinary incontinence and detrusor overactivity among patients with neurogenic overactive bladder. Neuroepidemiology 41(3–4):146–155CrossRefPubMed
51.
de Groat WC (1997) A neurologic basis for the overactive bladder. Urology 50(6A Suppl):36–52 (discussion 3–6)
52.
Van Rey FS, Heesakkers JP (2008) Applications of neurostimulation for urinary storage and voiding dysfunction in neurological patients. Urol Int 81(4):373–378CrossRefPubMed
53.
Podnar S, Fowler C (2010) Pelvic organ dysfunction following cauda equina damage. In: Fowler CJ, Panicker JN, Emmanuel A (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 266–277
54.
Kessler TM, Lackner J, Kiss G, Rehder P, Madersbacher H (2006) Predictive value of initial urodynamic pattern on urinary continence in patients with myelomeningocele. Neurourol Urodyn 25(4):361–367CrossRefPubMed
55.
Veenboer PW, de Kort LM, Chrzan RJ, de Jong TP (2015) Urinary considerations for adult patients with spinal dysraphism. Nat Rev Urol 12(6):331–339CrossRefPubMed
56.
Gibbons CH, Freeman R (2009) Antibody titers predict clinical features of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy. Auton Neurosci Basic Clin 146(1–2):8–12CrossRef
57.
Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Asahina M, Suzuki A, Yamanishi T, Hattori T (2004) Micturition disturbance in acute idiopathic autonomic neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75(2):287–291PubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Sakakibara R, Hattori T, Uchiyama T, Asahina M, Yamanishi T (2000) Micturitional disturbance in pure autonomic failure. Neurology 54(2):499–501CrossRefPubMed
59.
O’Leary ML, Smith CP, Erickson JR, Eidelman BH, Chancellor MB (2002) Neurovesical dysfunction in postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 13(2):139–140CrossRefPubMed
60.
61.
Stewart JM, Glover JL, Medow MS (2006) Increased plasma angiotensin II in postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is related to reduced blood flow and blood volume. Clin Sci 110(2):255–263CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
62.
Karoli R, Bhat S, Fatima J, Priya S (2014) A study of bladder dysfunction in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 18(4):552–557CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
63.
Bansal R, Agarwal MM, Modi M, Mandal AK, Singh SK (2011) Urodynamic profile of diabetic patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: association of diabetic cystopathy with autonomic and peripheral neuropathy. Urology 77(3):699–705CrossRefPubMed
64.
Adams D, Samuel D, Goulon-Goeau C, Nakazato M, Costa PM, Feray C et al (2000) The course and prognostic factors of familial amyloid polyneuropathy after liver transplantation. Brain J Neurol 123(Pt 7):1495–1504CrossRef
65.
Andrade MJ (2009) Lower urinary tract dysfunction in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, Portuguese type. Neurourol Urodyn 28(1):26–32CrossRefPubMed
66.
Lobato L (2003) Portuguese-type amyloidosis (transthyretin amyloidosis, ATTR V30M). J Nephrol 16(3):438–442PubMed
67.
Ito T, Sakakibara R, Yamamoto T, Uchiyama T, Liu Z, Asahina M et al (2006) Urinary dysfunction and autonomic control in amyloid neuropathy. Clin Auton Res Off J Clin Auton Res Soc 16(1):66–71CrossRef
68.
Sakakibara R, Hattori T, Kuwabara S, Yamanishi T, Yasuda K (1997) Micturitional disturbance in patients with Guillain–Barre syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 63(5):649–653CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
69.
Sakakibara R, Hattori T, Tojo M, Yamanishi T, Yasuda K, Hirayama K (1995) Micturitional disturbance in myotonic dystrophy. J Auton Nerv Syst 52(1):17–21CrossRefPubMed
70.
Dickson MJ, Massiah N, Church E (2012) Urinary stress incontinence as the presenting feature of myotonic dystrophy. J Obstet Gynaecol J Inst Obstet Gynaecol 32(1):102CrossRef
71.
Osman NI, Chapple CR (2014) Fowler’s syndrome—a cause of unexplained urinary retention in young women? Nat Rev Urol 11(2):87–98CrossRefPubMed
72.
Swinn MJ, Wiseman OJ, Lowe E, Fowler CJ (2002) The cause and natural history of isolated urinary retention in young women. J Urol 167(1):151–156CrossRefPubMed
73.
Fowlis GA, Waters J, Williams G (1994) The cost effectiveness of combined rapid tests (Multistix) in screening for urinary tract infections. J R Soc Med 87(11):681–682PubMedPubMedCentral
74.
Bacsu CD, Chan L, Tse V (2012) Diagnosing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in the neurological patient. BJU Int 109(Suppl 3):31–34CrossRefPubMed
75.
Vodusek DB (2001) Sphincter EMG and differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc 16(4):600–607CrossRef
76.
Panicker JN, Seth JH, Khan S, Gonzales G, Haslam C, Kessler TM et al (2015) Open-label study evaluating outpatient urethral sphincter injections of onabotulinumtoxinA to treat women with urinary retention due to a primary disorder of sphincter relaxation (Fowler’s syndrome). BJU Int
77.
78.
Stohrer M, Blok B, Castro-Diaz D, Chartier-Kastler E, Del Popolo G, Kramer G et al (2009) EAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Eur Urol 56(1):81–88CrossRefPubMed
79.
Madhuvrata P, Singh M, Hasafa Z, Abdel-Fattah M (2012) Anticholinergic drugs for adult neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 62(5):816–830CrossRefPubMed
80.
Giannantoni A, Proietti S, Costantini E, Gubbiotti M, Rossi De Vermandois J, Porena M (2015) OnabotulinumtoxinA intravesical treatment in patients affected by overactive bladder syndrome: best practice in real-life management. Urologia 82(3):179–183CrossRefPubMed
81.
Seth JH, Haslam C, Panicker JN (2014) Ensuring patient adherence to clean intermittent self-catheterization. Patient Prefer Adher 8:191–198
82.
Kessler TM, Bachmann LM, Minder C, Lohrer D, Umbehr M, Schunemann HJ et al (2011) Adverse event assessment of antimuscarinics for treating overactive bladder: a network meta-analytic approach. PLoS One 6(2):e16718CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
83.
Yamaguchi O (2013) Latest treatment for lower urinary tract dysfunction: therapeutic agents and mechanism of action. Int J Urol Off J Jpn Urol Assoc 20(1):28–39
84.
Krause P, Fuhr U, Schnitker J, Albrecht U, Stein R, Rubenwolf P (2013) Pharmacokinetics of intravesical versus oral oxybutynin in healthy adults: results of an open label, randomized, prospective clinical study. J Urol 190(5):1791–1797CrossRefPubMed
85.
Kelleher CJ, Cardozo LD, Khullar V, Salvatore S (1997) A medium-term analysis of the subjective efficacy of treatment for women with detrusor instability and low bladder compliance. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104(9):988–993CrossRefPubMed
86.
Zia A, Kamaruzzaman S, Myint PK, Tan MP (2016) Anticholinergic burden is associated with recurrent and injurious falls in older individuals. Maturitas 84:32–37CrossRefPubMed
87.
Sakel M, Boukouvalas A, Buono R, Moten M, Mirza F, Chan WY et al (2015) Does anticholinergics drug burden relate to global neuro-disability outcome measures and length of hospital stay? Brain Injury [BI] 29(12):1426–1430CrossRef
88.
Chancellor MB, Staskin DR, Kay GG, Sandage BW, Oefelein MG, Tsao JW (2012) Blood-brain barrier permeation and efflux exclusion of anticholinergics used in the treatment of overactive bladder. Drugs Aging 29(4):259–273CrossRefPubMed
89.
Wagg A, Verdejo C, Molander U (2010) Review of cognitive impairment 80 with antimuscarinic agents in elderly patients with overactive bladder. Int J Clin Pract 64(9):1279–1286CrossRefPubMed
90.
Phe V, Mukhtar B, Couchman A, Grewal M, Hamid R, Ockrim J et al (2015) Progres en urologie: journal de l’Association francaise d’urologie et de la Societe francaise d’urologie 25(13):845–846 (in process citation)
91.
Wu T, Duan X, Cao CX, Peng CD, Bu SY, Wang KJ (2014) The role of mirabegron in overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Int 93(3):326–337CrossRefPubMed
92.
Bosma R, Wynia K, Havlikova E, De Keyser J, Middel B (2005) Efficacy of desmopressin in patients with multiple sclerosis suffering from bladder dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand 112(1):1–5CrossRefPubMed
93.
Kabay SC, Yucel M, Kabay S (2008) Acute effect of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on neurogenic detrusor overactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis: urodynamic study. Urology 71(4):641–645CrossRefPubMed
94.
Peters KM, Macdiarmid SA, Wooldridge LS, Leong FC, Shobeiri SA, Rovner ES et al (2009) Randomized trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus extended-release tolterodine: results from the overactive bladder innovative therapy trial. J Urol 182(3):1055–1061CrossRefPubMed
95.
Peters KM, Carrico DJ, Perez-Marrero RA, Khan AU, Wooldridge LS, Davis GL et al (2010) Randomized trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus Sham efficacy in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome: results from the SUmiT trial. J Urol 183(4):1438–1443CrossRefPubMed
96.
Gobbi C, Digesu GA, Khullar V, El Neil S, Caccia G, Zecca C (2011) Percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation as an effective treatment of refractory lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: preliminary data from a multicentre, prospective, open label trial. Mult Scler 17(12):1514–1519CrossRefPubMed
97.
de Seze M, Raibaut P, Gallien P, Even-Schneider A, Denys P, Bonniaud V et al (2011) Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for treatment of the overactive bladder syndrome in multiple sclerosis: results of a multicenter prospective study. Neurourol Urodyn 30(3):306–311CrossRefPubMed
98.
Monteiro ES, de Carvalho LB, Fukujima MM, Lora MI, do Prado GF (2014) Electrical stimulation of the posterior tibialis nerve improves symptoms of poststroke neurogenic overactive bladder in men: a randomized controlled trial. Urology 84(3):509–514CrossRefPubMed
99.
Kessler TM, La Framboise D, Trelle S, Fowler CJ, Kiss G, Pannek J et al (2010) Sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 58(6):865–874CrossRefPubMed
100.
Datta SN, Chaliha C, Singh A, Gonzales G, Mishra VC, Kavia RB et al (2008) Sacral neurostimulation for urinary retention: 10-year experience from one UK centre. BJU Int 101(2):192–196PubMed
101.
Cruz F, Herschorn S, Aliotta P, Brin M, Thompson C, Lam W et al (2011) Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Urol 60(4):742–750CrossRefPubMed
102.
Ginsberg D, Gousse A, Keppenne V, Sievert KD, Thompson C, Lam W et al (2012) Phase 3 efficacy and tolerability study of onabotulinumtoxinA for urinary incontinence from neurogenic detrusor overactivity. J Urol 187(6):2131–2139CrossRefPubMed
103.
104.
Naumann M, So Y, Argoff CE, Childers MK, Dykstra DD, Gronseth GS et al (2008) Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of autonomic disorders and pain (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 70(19):1707–1714CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: evaluation and management
Authors
Katarina Ivana Tudor
Ryuji Sakakibara
Jalesh N. Panicker
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Journal of Neurology / Issue 12/2016
Print ISSN: 0340-5354
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1459
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8212-2

Other articles of this Issue 12/2016

Journal of Neurology 12/2016 Go to the issue

Letter to the Editors

Low testosterone and myasthenia gravis in males: a national record-linkage study

Letter to the Editors

An autopsy confirmed case of progressive supranuclear palsy with predominant cerebellar ataxia

Original Communication

Altered processing of otolithic information in isolated lateral medullary infarction

Original Communication

Cognitive decline in metabolic syndrome is linked to microstructural white matter abnormalities

Original Communication

Effects of ezetimibe and anticoagulant combined therapy on progressing stroke: a randomized, placebo-controlled study

Letter to the Editors

Ophthalmic findings in myotonic dystrophy type 2: a case series