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Journal of Neurology
Published in: Journal of Neurology 11/2014

Open Access 01-11-2014 | Review

Progressing haemorrhagic stroke: categories, causes, mechanisms and managements

Authors: Shiyu Chen, Liuwang Zeng, Zhiping Hu

Published in: Journal of Neurology | Issue 11/2014

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Abstract

Haemorrhagic stroke is a severe stroke subtype with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although this condition has been recognised for a long time, the progressing haemorrhagic stroke has not received adequate attention, and it accounts for an even worse clinical outcome than the nonprogressing types of haemorrhagic stroke. In this review article, we categorised the progressing haemorrhagic stroke into acute progressing haemorrhagic stroke, subacute haemorrhagic stroke, and chronic progressing haemorrhagic stroke. Haematoma expansion, intraventricular haemorrhage, perihaematomal oedema, and inflammation, can all cause an acute progression of haemorrhagic stroke. Specific ‘second peak’ of perihaematomal oedema after intracerebral haemorrhage and ‘tension haematoma’ are the primary causes of subacute progression. For the chronic progressing haemorrhagic stroke, the occult vascular malformations, trauma, or radiologic brain surgeries can all cause a slowly expanding encapsulated haematoma. The mechanisms to each type of progressing haemorrhagic stroke is different, and the management of these three subtypes differs according to their causes and mechanisms. Conservative treatments are primarily considered in the acute progressing haemorrhagic stroke, whereas surgery is considered in the remaining two types.
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Metadata
Title
Progressing haemorrhagic stroke: categories, causes, mechanisms and managements
Authors
Shiyu Chen
Liuwang Zeng
Zhiping Hu
Publication date
01-11-2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Journal of Neurology / Issue 11/2014
Print ISSN: 0340-5354
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1459
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-014-7291-1

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