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European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

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01-08-2020 | Schizophrenia | Original Paper

The vicious circle of social exclusion and psychopathology: a systematic review of experimental ostracism research in psychiatric disorders

Authors: Matthias A. Reinhard, Julia Dewald-Kaufmann, Torsten Wüstenberg, Richard Musil, Barbara B. Barton, Andrea Jobst, Frank Padberg

Published in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience | Issue 5/2020

Abstract

Social exclusion (ostracism) is a major psychosocial factor contributing to the development and persistence of psychiatric disorders and is also related to their social stigma. However, its specific role in different disorders is not evident, and comprehensive social psychology research on ostracism has rather focused on healthy individuals and less on psychiatric patients. Here, we systematically review experimental studies investigating psychological and physiological reactions to ostracism in different responses of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, we propose a theoretical model of the interplay between psychiatric symptoms and ostracism. A systematic MEDLINE and PsycINFO search was conducted including 52 relevant studies in various disorders (some of which evaluated more than one disorder): borderline personality disorder (21 studies); major depressive disorder (11 studies); anxiety (7 studies); autism spectrum disorder (6 studies); schizophrenia (6 studies); substance use disorders (4 studies); and eating disorders (2 studies). Psychological and physiological effects of ostracism were assessed with various experimental paradigms: e.g., virtual real-time interactions (Cyberball), social feedback and imagined scenarios. We critically review the main results of these studies and propose the overall concept of a vicious cycle where psychiatric symptoms increase the chance of being ostracized, and ostracism consolidates or even aggravates psychopathology. However, the specificity and stability of reactions to ostracism, their neurobiological underpinnings, determinants, and moderators (e.g., attachment style, childhood trauma, and rejection sensitivity) remain elusive.

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Title: The vicious circle of social exclusion and psychopathology: a systematic review of experimental ostracism research in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Matthias A. Reinhard
Julia Dewald-Kaufmann
Torsten Wüstenberg
Richard Musil
Barbara B. Barton
Andrea Jobst
Frank Padberg
Publication date: 01-08-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Schizophrenia
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Published in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience / Issue 5/2020
Print ISSN: 0940-1334
Electronic ISSN: 1433-8491
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-019-01074-1

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

The vicious circle of social exclusion and psychopathology: a systematic review of experimental ostracism research in psychiatric disorders

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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