Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Published in: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 6/2016

01-06-2016 | Review Article

Immunotherapy in all aspects

Authors: Deniz Hanci, Ethem Şahin, Nuray Bayar Muluk, Cemal Cingi

Published in: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology | Issue 6/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Allergen immunotherapy is a form of long-term treatment that decreases symptoms for many people with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, conjunctivitis (eye allergy) or stinging insect allergy. In this review, we presented the important topics in immunotherapy. The important aspects of immunotherapy are considered to be “Immunologıcal responses to immunotherapy”; “The principal types of immunotherapy”; “Effectiveness”; “Indications”; “Contraindications”; “Allergen immunotherapy in children”; “Safety”; and “Anaphylactic reactions after immunotherapy”. The principal types of immunotherapy are subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy. Both of them can be used in indicated cases. When using SCIT, physicians must be more careful because of reported rare fatal cases. The risks and benefits of continuing allergen immunotherapy in patients who have experienced severe systemic reactions should be carefully considered.
Literature
1.
2.
Bellinghausen I, Metz G, Enk AH, Christmann S, Knop J, Saloga J (1997) Insect venom immunotherapy induces interleukin-10 production and a Th2-to-Th1 shift, and changes surface marker expression in venom-allergic subjects. Eur J Immunol 27:1131–1139PubMedCrossRef
3.
Blaser K, Akdis CA (2004) Interleukin-10, T regulatory cells and specific allergy treatment. Clin Exp Allergy 34:328–331PubMedCrossRef
4.
Francis JN, Till SJ, Durham SR (2003) Induction of IL-101CD41CD251 T cells by grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111:1255–1261PubMedCrossRef
5.
Jutel M, Akdis M, Budak F et al (2003) IL-10 and TGF-beta cooperate in the regulatory T cell response to mucosal allergens in normal immunity and specific immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 33:1205–1214PubMedCrossRef
6.
Savolainen J, Laaksonen K, Rantio-Lehtimaki A, Terho EO (2004) Increased expression of allergen-induced in vitro interleukin-10 and interleukin-18 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic rhinitis patients after specific immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 34:413–419PubMedCrossRef
7.
Francis J, James L, Paraskevopoulos G et al (2008) Grass pollen immunotherapy: IL-10 induction and suppression of late responses precedes IgG4 inhibitory antibody activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 121:1120–1125PubMedCrossRef
8.
Varney VA, Hamid QA, Gaga M et al (1993) Influence of grass pollen immunotherapy on cellular infiltration and cytokine mRNA expression during allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous responses. J Clin Invest 92:644–651PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Evans R, Pence H, Kaplan H, Rocklin RE (1976) The effect of immunotherapy on humoral and cellular responses in ragweed hayfever. J Clin Invest 57:1378–1385PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Till SJ, Durham SR (2004) Immunological responses to allergen immunotherapy. Clin Allergy Immunol 18:85–104PubMed
11.
Till SJ, Francis JN, Nouri-Aria K, Durham SR (2004) Mechanisms of immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113:1025–1035PubMedCrossRef
12.
Durham SR, Ying S, Varney VA et al (1996) Grass pollen immunotherapy inhibits allergen-induced infiltration of CD41 T lymphocytes and eosinophils in the nasal mucosa and increases the number of cells expressing messenger RNA for interferon- gamma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 97:1356–1365PubMedCrossRef
13.
Hamid QA, Schotman E, Jacobson MR, Walker SM, Durham SR (1997) Increases in IL-12 messenger RNA1 cells accompany inhibition of allergen-induced late skin responses after successful grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99:254–260PubMedCrossRef
14.
Wilson DR, Irani AM, Walker SM et al (2001) Grass pollen immunotherapy inhibits seasonal increases in basophils and eosinophils in the nasal epithelium. Clin Exp Allergy 31:1705–1713PubMedCrossRef
15.
Lichtenstein LM, Ishizaka K, Norman PS, Sobotka AK, Hill BM (1973) IgE antibody measurements in ragweed hay fever. Relationship to clinical severity and the results of immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 52:472–482PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Bousquet J, Braquemond P, Feinberg J, Guerin B, Maasch H, Michel FB (1986) Specific IgE response before and after rush immunotherapy with a standardized allergen or allergoid in grass pollen allergy. Ann Allergy 56:456–459PubMed
17.
Norman PS, Lichtenstein LM, Marsh DG (1981) Studies on allergoids from naturally occurring allergens. IV. Efficacy and safety of long-term allergoid treatment of ragweed hay fever. J Allergy Clin Immunol 68:460–470PubMedCrossRef
18.
Rak S, Lowhagen O, Venge P (1988) The effect of immunotherapy on bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil cationic protein in pollen-allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 82:470–480PubMedCrossRef
19.
Nouri-Aria KT, Wachholz PA, Francis JN, Jacobson MR, Walker SM, Wilcock LK et al (2004) Grass pollen immunotherapy induces mucosal and peripheral IL-10 responses and blocking IgG activity. J Immunol 172:3252–3259PubMedCrossRef
20.
Pilette C, Nouri-Aria KT, Jacobson MR, Wilcock LK, Detry B et al (2007) Grass pollen immunotherapy induces an allergen-specific IgA2 response associated with mucosal TGF-_ expression. J Immunol 178:4658–4666PubMedCrossRef
21.
Shamji MH, Wilcock LK, Wachholz PA, Dearman RJ, Kimber I et al (2006) The IgE-facilitated allergen binding (FAB) assay: validation of a novel flow-cytometric based method for the detection of inhibitory antibody responses. J Immunol Methods 317:71–79PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Wilson DR, Irani AM, Walker SM, Jacobson MR, Mackay IS et al (2001) Grass pollen immunotherapy inhibits seasonal increases in basophils and eosinophils in the nasal epithelium. Clin Exp Allergy 31:1705–1713PubMedCrossRef
23.
Furin MJ, Norman PS, Creticos PS, Proud D, Kagey-Sobotka A et al (1991) Immunotherapy decreases antigen-induced eosinophil cell migration into the nasal cavity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 88:27–32PubMedCrossRef
24.
Mothes N, Heinzkill M, Drachenberg KJ, Sperr WR, Krauth MT et al (2003) Allergen-specific immunotherapy with a monophosphoryl lipid A-adjuvanted vaccine: reduced seasonally boosted immunoglobulin E production and inhibition of basophil histamine release by therapy-induced blocking antibodies. Clin Exp Allergy 33:1198–1208PubMedCrossRef
25.
Ling EM, Smith T, Nguyen XD, Pridgeon C, Dallman M et al (2004) Relation of CD4_CD25_ regulatory T-cell suppression of allergen-driven T-cell activation to atopic status and expression of allergic disease. Lancet 363:608–615PubMedCrossRef
26.
27.
Calderon MA, Alves B, Jacobson M, Hurwitz B, Sheikh A, Durham S (2007) Allergen injection immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001936.
28.
Bousquet J, Hejjaoui A, Michel FB (1990) Specific immunotherapy in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 86:292–305PubMedCrossRef
29.
Cantani A, Arcese G, Lucenti P, Gagliesi D, Bartolucci M (1997) A three-year prospective study of specific immunotherapy to inhalant allergens: evidence of safety and efficacy in 300 children with allergic asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 7:90–97PubMed
30.
Peroni DG, Piacentini GL, Martinati LC, Warner JO, Boner AL (1995) Double-blind trial of house-dust mite immunotherapy in asthmatic children resident at high altitude. Allergy 50:925–930PubMedCrossRef
31.
Olaguibel JM (2005) Alvarez Puebla MJ. Efficacy of sublingual allergen vaccination for respiratory allergy in children. Conclusions from one meta-analysis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 15:9–16PubMed
32.
Calamita Z, Saconato H, Pela AB, Atallah AN (2006) Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in asthma: systematic review of randomized-clinical trials using the Cochrane Collaboration method. Allergy 61:1162–1172PubMedCrossRef
33.
Abramson M, Puy R, Weiner J (1999) Immunotherapy in asthma: an updated systematic review. Allergy 54:1022–1041PubMedCrossRef
34.
Maestrelli P, Zanolla L, Pozzan M, Fabbri LM (2004) Effect of specific immunotherapy added to pharmacologic treatment and allergen avoidance in asthmatic patients allergic to house dust mite. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113:643–649PubMedCrossRef
35.
Lockey RF, Nicoara-Kasti GL, Theodoropoulos DS, Bukantz SC (2001) Systemic reactions and fatalities associated with allergen immunotherapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 87:47–55 (III)PubMedCrossRef
36.
Wilson DR, Torres LI, Durham SR (2003) Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD002893
37.
Penagos M, Compalati E, Tarantini F et al (2006) Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 97:141–148PubMedCrossRef
38.
Bousquet PJ, Cox LS, Durham SR, Nelson HS, Passalacqua G, Ryan DP, Brozek JL, Compalati E, Dahl R, Delgado L, van Wijk RG, Gower RG, Ledford DK, Filho NR, Valovirta EJ, Yusuf OM, Zuberbier T (2009) Sub-Lingual Immunotherapy, World Allergy Organization Position Paper 2009. WAO J 233–281
39.
40.
Cosmi L, Santarlasci V, Angeli R, Liotta F, Maggi L, Frosali F et al (2006) Sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides monomeric allergoid down-regulates allergen-specific immunoglobulin E and increases both interferon-g- and interleukin-10-production. Clin Exp Allergy 36:261–272PubMedCrossRef
41.
Bohle B, Kinaciyan T, Gerstmayr M, Radakovics A, Jahn-Schmid B, Ebner C (2007) Sublingual immunotherapy induces IL-10-producing T regulatory cells, allergen-specific T-cell tolerance, and immune deviation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 120:707–713PubMedCrossRef
42.
Ciprandi G, De Amici M, Marseglia GL (2011) Serum IL9 levels and sublingual immunotherapy: preliminary report. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 25:295–297PubMed
43.
Ciprandi G, Fenoglio D, Cirillo I, Vizzaccaro A, Ferrera A, Tosca MA et al (2005) Induction of interleukin 10 by sublingual immunotherapy for house dust mites: a preliminary report. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 95:38–44PubMedCrossRef
44.
Savolainen J, Jacobsen L, Valovirta E (2006) Sublingual immunotherapy in children modulates allergen-induced in vitro expression of cytokine mRNA in PBMC. Allergy 61:1184–1190PubMedCrossRef
45.
Eifan AO, Akkoc T, Yildiz A, Keles S, Ozdemir C, Bahceciler NN et al (2010) Clinical efficacy and immunological mechanisms of sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy in asthmatic/rhinitis children sensitized to house dust mite: an open randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy 40:922–932PubMedCrossRef
46.
Fujimura T, Yonekura S, Taniguchi Y, Horiguchi S, Saito A, Yasueda H et al (2010) The induced regulatory T Cell level, defined as the proportion of IL-10+ Foxp3+ cells among CD25+ CD4+ leukocytes, is a potential therapeutic biomarker for sublingual immunotherapy: a preliminary report. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 153:378–387PubMedCrossRef
47.
Fujimura T, Yonekura S, Horiguchi S, Taniguchi Y, Saito A, Yasueda H et al (2011) Increase of regulatory T cells and the ratio of specific IgE to total IgE are candidates for response monitoring or prognostic biomarkers in 2-year sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for Japanese cedar pollinosis. Clin Immunol 139:65–74PubMedCrossRef
48.
Swamy RS, Reshamwala N, Hunter T, Vissamsetti S, Santos CB, Baroody FM et al (2012) Epigenetic modifications and improved regulatory T-cell function in subjects undergoing dual sublingual immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 130:215–224PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
Moingeon P, Batard T, Fadel R, Frati F, Sieber J, Overtvelt L (2006) Immune mechanisms of allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy. Allergy 61:151–165PubMedCrossRef
50.
O’Hehir RE, Sandrini A, Anderson GP, Rolland JM (2007) Sublingual allergen immunotherapy: immunological mechanisms and prospects for refined vaccine preparation. Curr Med Chem 14:2235–2244PubMedCrossRef
51.
52.
Akdis CA, Akdis M (2011) Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 127:18–27PubMedCrossRef
53.
Bahceciler NN, Galip N (2012) Comparing subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy: what do we know? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 12:640–647PubMedCrossRef
54.
Bahceciler NN, Arikan C, Taylor A, Akdis M, Blaser K, Barlan IB et al (2005) Impact of sublingual immunotherapy on specific antibody levels in asthmatic children allergic to house dust mites. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 136:287–294PubMedCrossRef
55.
Durham SR, Walker SM, Varga EM et al (1999) Long-term clinical efficacy of grasspollen immunotherapy. N Engl J Med 341:468–475PubMedCrossRef
56.
Des Roches A, Paradis L, Knani J et al (1996) Immunotherapy with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. V. Duration of the efficacy of immunotherapy after its cessation. Allergy 51:430–433
57.
Durham SR, Emminger W, Kapp A et al (2010) Long-term clinical efficacy in grass pollen–induced rhinoconjunctivitis after treatment with SQ-standardized grass allergy immunotherapy tablet. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125:131–138PubMedCrossRef
58.
Bousquet J, Lockey R, Malling HJ (1998) Allergen immunotherapy: therapeutic vaccines for allergic diseases. A WHO position paper. J Allergy Clin Immunol 102:558–562PubMedCrossRef
59.
Malling H, Weeke B (1993) Immunotherapy. Position paper of the European academy of allergy and clinical immunology. Allergy 48(Suppl 14):9–35CrossRef
60.
61.
Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N (2001) Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108(Suppl):S147–S334PubMedCrossRef
62.
Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ et al (2008) Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA2LEN and Aller- Gen). Allergy 63(Suppl 86):8–160PubMedCrossRef
63.
Cox L, Nelson H, Lockey R, Calabria C, Chacko T, Finegold I et al (2011) Allergen immunotherapy: a practice parameter third update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 127(suppl):S1–S55PubMedCrossRef
64.
Cox L, Casale TB, Nayak AS, Bernstein DI, Creticos PS, Ambroisine L et al (2012) Clinical efficacy of 300 IR 5-grass pollen sublingual tablet in a US study: the importance of allergen-specific serum IgE. J Allergy Clin Immunol 130:1327–1334PubMedCrossRef
65.
Marogna M, Spadolini I, Massolo A, Zanon P, Berra D, Chiodini I et al (2007) Effects of sublingual immunotherapy for multiple or single allergens in polysensitized patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 98:274–280PubMedCrossRef
66.
(1986) Desensitising vaccines: an allergist’s view. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 293:1169–1170
67.
Javeed N, Javeed H, Javeed S, Moussa G, Wong P, Rezai F (1996) Refractory anaphylactoid shock potentiated by betablockers. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 39:383–384PubMedCrossRef
68.
Kivity S, Yarchovsky J (1990) Relapsing anaphylaxis to bee sting in a patient treated with beta-blocker and Ca blocker. J Allergy Clin Immunol 85:669–670PubMedCrossRef
69.
Lang DM, Alpern MB, Visintainer PF, Smith ST (1991) Increased risk for anaphylactoid reaction from contrast media in patients on beta-adrenergic blockers or with asthma. Ann Intern Med 115:270–276PubMedCrossRef
70.
71.
Blaiss MS (2003) Management of rhinitis and asthma in pregnancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 90:16–22PubMedCrossRef
72.
Ibanez MD, Kaiser F, Knecht R et al (2007) Safety of specific sublingual immunotherapy with SQ standardized grass allergen tablets in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 18:516–522PubMedCrossRef
73.
Finegold I (2007) Immunotherapy: when to initiate treatment in children. Allergy Asthma Proc 28:698–705PubMedCrossRef
74.
Niggemann B, Jacobsen L, Dreborg S et al (2006) Five-year follow-up on the PAT study: specific immunotherapy and long-term prevention of asthma in children. Allergy 61:855–859PubMedCrossRef
75.
Jacobsen L, Niggemann B, Dreborg S et al (2007) Specific immunotherapy has longterm preventive effect of seasonal and perennial asthma: 10-year follow-up on the PAT study. Allergy 62:943–948PubMedCrossRef
76.
Kuehr J, Brauburger J, Zielen S et al (2002) Efficacy of combination treatment with anti-IgE plus specific immunotherapy in polysensitized children and adolescents with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109:274–280PubMedCrossRef
77.
Ott H, Sieber J, Brehler R et al (2009) Efficacy of grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy for three consecutive seasons and after cessation of treatment: the ECRIT study. Allergy 64:1394–1401PubMedCrossRef
78.
Moller C, Dreborg S, Lanner A, Bjorksten B (1986) Oral immunotherapy of children with rhinoconjunctivitis due to birch pollen allergy. A double blind study. Allergy 41:271–279PubMedCrossRef
79.
Des Roches A, Paradis L, Menardo JL, Bouges S, Daures JP, Bousquet J (1997) Immunotherapy with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. VI. Specific immunotherapy prevents the onset of new sensitizations in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99:450–453PubMedCrossRef
80.
Pajno GB, Barberio G, De LF, Morabito L, Parmiani S (2001) Prevention of new sensitizations in asthmatic children monosensitized to house dust mite by specific immunotherapy. A six-year follow-up study. Clin Exp Allergy 31:1392–1397PubMedCrossRef
81.
Novembre E, Galli E, Landi F et al (2004) Coseasonal sublingual immunotherapy reduces the development of asthma in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 114:851–857PubMedCrossRef
82.
Caffarelli C, Sensi LG, Marcucci F, Cavagni G (2000) Preseasonal local allergoid immunotherapy to grass pollen in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Allergy 55:1142–1147PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zhang L, Wang C, Han D, Wang X, Zhao Y, Liu J (2009) Comparative study of cluster and conventional immunotherapy schedules with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 148:161–169PubMedCrossRef
84.
Seidenberg J, Pajno GB, Bauer CP, La GS, Sieber J (2009) Safety and tolerability of seasonal ultra-rush, high-dose sublingual-swallow immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis to grass and tree pollens: an observational study in 193 children and adolescents. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 19:125–131PubMed
85.
Frew AJ, Powell RJ, Corrigan CJ (2006) Durham SR; UK Immunotherapy Study Group. Efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy with SQ allergen extract in treatment-resistant seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117(2):319–325PubMedCrossRef
86.
Durham SR, Yang WH, Pedersen MR, Johansen N, Rak S (2006) Sublingual immunotherapy with once-daily grass allergen tablets: a randomized controlled trial in seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117(4):802–809PubMedCrossRef
87.
Durham SR, Riis B (2007) Grass allergen tablet immunotherapy relieves individual seasonal eye and nasal symptoms, including nasal blockage. Allergy 62:954–957PubMedCrossRef
88.
89.
Alvarez-Cuesta E, Bousquet J, Canonica GW, Durham SR, Malling HJ, Valovirta E (2006) Standards for practical allergen-specific immunotherapy. Allergy 61(Suppl 82):1–20PubMedCrossRef
90.
Alvarez-Cuesta E, Bousquet J, Canonica WG, Durham S, Malling HJ et al (2008) Reply to the letter by Dr Fleming Madsen (EAACI ‘Standards for practical allergen-specific immunotherapy’). Allergy 63:939–940PubMedCrossRef
91.
Coifman RE, Cox LS (2007) 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology member immunotherapy practice patterns and concerns. J Allergy Clin Immunol 119:1012–1013PubMedCrossRef
92.
Blazowski L (2008) Anaphylactic shock because of sublingual immunotherapy overdose during third year of maintenance dose. Allergy 63:374PubMedCrossRef
93.
Lombardi C, Gargioni S, Cottini M, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G (2008) The safety of sublingual immunotherapy with one or more allergens in adults. Allergy 63:375–376PubMedCrossRef
94.
Cox L, Larenas-Linnemann D, Lockey RF, Passalacqua G (2010) Speaking the same language: the world allergy organization subcutaneous immunotherapy systemic reaction grading system. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125:569–574PubMedCrossRef
95.
Corrigan CJ, Kettner J, Doemer C, Cromwell O, Narkus A, Study Group (2005) Efficacy and safety of preseasonal-specific immunotherapy with an aluminium-adsorbed six-grass pollen allergoid. Allergy 60(6):801–807PubMedCrossRef
96.
Jutel M, Jaeger L, Suck R, Meyer H, Fiebig H, Cromwell O (2005) Allergen-specific immunotherapy with recombinant grass pollen allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 116(3):608–613PubMedCrossRef
97.
Malling HJ, Weeke B (1993) Immunotherapy (Position Paper). Allergy 48:9–35CrossRef
98.
Nielsen L, Johnsen CR, Mosbech H, Poulsen LK, Malling HJ (1996) Antihistamine premedication in specific cluster immunotherapy: a double-blind, placebo- controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 97:1207–1213PubMedCrossRef
99.
Bernstein DI, Wanner M, Borish L, Liss GM (2004) Twelve-year survey of fatal reactions to allergen injections and skin testing: 1990–2001. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113:1129–1136PubMedCrossRef
100.
Andre C, Fadel R (2007) Anaphylaxis caused by allergen sublingual immunotherapy? Allergy 62:1220–1221PubMedCrossRef
101.
Dunsky EH, Goldstein MF, Dvorin DJ, Belecanech GA (2006) Anaphylaxis to sublingual immunotherapy. Allergy 61:1235PubMedCrossRef
102.
Eifan AO, Keles S, Bahceciler NN, Barlan IB (2007) Anaphylaxis to multiple pollen allergen sublingual immunotherapy. Allergy 62:567–568PubMedCrossRef
103.
de Groot H, Bijl A (2009) Anaphylactic reaction after the first dose of sublingual immunotherapy with grass pollen tablet. Allergy 64:963–964PubMedCrossRef
104.
Gidaro GB, Marcucci F, Sensi L, Incorvaia C, Frati F, Ciprandi G (2005) The safety of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy: an analysis of published studies. Clin Exp Allergy 35:565–571PubMedCrossRef
105.
Cox LS, Larenas LD, Nolte H, Weldon D, Finegold I, Nelson HS (2006) Sublingual immunotherapy: a comprehensive review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117:1021–1035PubMedCrossRef
106.
Lombardi C, Gargioni S, Cottini M, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G (2008) The safety of sublingual immunotherapy with one or more allergens in adults. Allergy 63:375–376PubMedCrossRef
107.
Cox L, Nelson H, Lockey R (2011) Allergen immunotherapy: A practice parameter third update. J Allergy Clin Immunol S1–S55.
108.
Cox L, Larenas-Linnemann D, Lockey RF, Passalacqua G (2010) Speaking the same language: the World Allergy Organization Subcutaneous Immunotherapy Systemic Reaction Grading System. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125:569 e7–574 e7 (IV)
109.
Tinkelman DG, Cole WQ 3rd, Tunno J (1995) Immunotherapy: a one-year prospective study to evaluate risk factors of systemic reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 95:8–14 (III)PubMedCrossRef
110.
DaVeiga SP, Caruso K, Golubski S, Lang DM (2008) A retrospective survey of systemic reaction from allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 121(suppl):S124 (III)CrossRef
111.
Lin MS, Tanner E, Lynn J, Friday GA Jr (1993) Nonfatal systemic allergic reactions induced by skin testing and immunotherapy. Ann Allergy 71:557–562 (III)PubMed
112.
Rank MA, Oslie CL, Krogman JL, Park MA, Li JT (2008) Allergen immunotherapy safety: characterizing systemic reactions and identifying risk factors. Allergy Asthma Proc 29:400–405 (III)PubMedCrossRef
113.
Winther L, Arnved J, Malling HJ, Nolte H, Mosbech H (2006) Side-effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy: a prospective multi-centre study. Clin Exp Allergy 36:254–260 (III)PubMedCrossRef
114.
Amin HS, Liss GM, Bernstein DI (2006) Evaluation of near-fatal reactions to allergen immunotherapy injections. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117:169–175 (III)PubMedCrossRef
115.
Reid MJ, Lockey RF, Turkeltaub PC, Platts-Mills TA (1993) Survey of fatalities from skin testing and immunotherapy 1985–1989. J Allergy Clin Immunol 92:6–15 (III)PubMedCrossRef
116.
Alvarez-Cuesta E, Bousquet J, Canonica GW, Durham SR, Malling HJ, Valovirta E (2006) Standards for practical allergen-specific immunotherapy. Allergy 61(suppl 82):1–20 (NR)PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Immunotherapy in all aspects
Authors
Deniz Hanci
Ethem Şahin
Nuray Bayar Muluk
Cemal Cingi
Publication date
01-06-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology / Issue 6/2016
Print ISSN: 0937-4477
Electronic ISSN: 1434-4726
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3553-5

Other articles of this Issue 6/2016

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 6/2016 Go to the issue

Head and Neck

Feasibility of FDG-PET/CT for the initial diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer

Rhinology

Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome is not associated with local production of specific IgE in nasal mucosa

Rhinology

Managing turbinate hypertrophy: coblation vs. radiofrequency treatment

Rhinology

Assessment of the effect of deviated nasal septum on the structure of nasal cavity

Review Article

Meta-analysis on the clinical outcomes in patients with intralabyrinthine schwannomas: conservative management vs. microsurgery

Head and Neck

The effect of partial superficial parotidectomy on amplitude, latency and threshold of facial nerve stimulation