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Open Access 01-01-2017 | Case Report

Deep sequencing reveals persistence of cell-associated mumps vaccine virus in chronic encephalitis

Authors: Sofia Morfopoulou, Edward T. Mee, Sarah M. Connaughton, Julianne R. Brown, Kimberly Gilmour, WK ‘Kling’ Chong, W. Paul Duprex, Deborah Ferguson, Mike Hubank, Ciaran Hutchinson, Marios Kaliakatsos, Stephen McQuaid, Simon Paine, Vincent Plagnol, Christopher Ruis, Alex Virasami, Hong Zhan, Thomas S. Jacques, Silke Schepelmann, Waseem Qasim, Judith Breuer

Published in: Acta Neuropathologica | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

Routine childhood vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella has virtually abolished virus-related morbidity and mortality. Notwithstanding this, we describe here devastating neurological complications associated with the detection of live-attenuated mumps virus Jeryl Lynn (MuV^JL5) in the brain of a child who had undergone successful allogeneic transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). This is the first confirmed report of MuV^JL5 associated with chronic encephalitis and highlights the need to exclude immunodeficient individuals from immunisation with live-attenuated vaccines. The diagnosis was only possible by deep sequencing of the brain biopsy. Sequence comparison of the vaccine batch to the MuV^JL5 isolated from brain identified biased hypermutation, particularly in the matrix gene, similar to those found in measles from cases of SSPE. The findings provide unique insights into the pathogenesis of paramyxovirus brain infections.

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Title: Deep sequencing reveals persistence of cell-associated mumps vaccine virus in chronic encephalitis
Authors: Sofia Morfopoulou
Edward T. Mee
Sarah M. Connaughton
Julianne R. Brown
Kimberly Gilmour
WK ‘Kling’ Chong
W. Paul Duprex
Deborah Ferguson
Mike Hubank
Ciaran Hutchinson
Marios Kaliakatsos
Stephen McQuaid
Simon Paine
Vincent Plagnol
Christopher Ruis
Alex Virasami
Hong Zhan
Thomas S. Jacques
Silke Schepelmann
Waseem Qasim
Judith Breuer
Publication date: 01-01-2017
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Acta Neuropathologica / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 0001-6322
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0533
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-016-1629-y

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Deep sequencing reveals persistence of cell-associated mumps vaccine virus in chronic encephalitis

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