Top

Published in:

01-06-2020 | Fatty Liver | Original Contribution

Moderate chronic ethanol consumption exerts beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver in mice fed a high-fat diet: possible role of higher formation of triglycerides enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids

Authors: Simon Bucher, Karima Begriche, Daniel Catheline, Viviane Trak-Smayra, François Tiaho, Cédric Coulouarn, Grégory Pinon, Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann, Vincent Rioux, Bernard Fromenty

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 4/2020

Abstract

Purpose

Several clinical studies suggested that light-to-moderate alcohol intake could alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood.

Methods

Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were submitted or not to moderate ethanol intake for 3 months (ca. 10 g/kg/day) via drinking water. Biochemical, analytical and transcriptomic analyses were performed in serum and liver.

Results

Serum ethanol concentrations in ethanol-treated HFD mice comprised between 0.5 and 0.7 g/l throughout the experiment. NAFLD improvement was observed in ethanol-treated HFD mice as assessed by reduced serum transaminase activity. This was associated with less microvesicular and more macrovacuolar steatosis, the absence of apoptotic hepatocytes and a trend towards less fibrosis. Liver lipid analysis showed increased amounts of fatty acids incorporated in triglycerides and phospholipids, reduced proportion of palmitic acid in total lipids and higher desaturation index, thus suggesting enhanced stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase activity. mRNA expression of several glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes was upregulated. Genome-wide expression profiling and gene set enrichment analysis revealed an overall downregulation of the expression of genes involved in collagen fibril organization and leukocyte chemotaxis and an overall upregulation of the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly. In addition, mRNA expression of several proteasome subunits was upregulated in ethanol-treated HFD mice.

Conclusions

Moderate chronic ethanol consumption may alleviate NAFLD by several mechanisms including the generation of non-toxic lipid species, reduced expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory genes, restoration of mitochondrial function and possible stimulation of proteasome activity.

Available only for authorised users

Rehm J (2011) The risks associated with alcohol use and alcoholism. Alcohol Res Health 34:135–143PubMedPubMedCentral

Seitz HK, Bataller R, Cortez-Pinto H et al (2018) Publisher correction: Alcoholic liver disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4:18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0021-8 CrossRefPubMed

Louvet A, Mathurin P (2015) Alcoholic liver disease: mechanisms of injury and targeted treatment. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:231–242. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.35 CrossRefPubMed

GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators (2018) Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 392:1015–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2 CrossRefPubMedCentral

Bonnet F, Disse E, Laville M et al (2012) Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with improved insulin sensitivity, reduced basal insulin secretion rate and lower fasting glucagon concentration in healthy women. Diabetologia 55:3228–3237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2701-3 CrossRefPubMed

Poli A, Marangoni F, Avogaro A et al (2013) Moderate alcohol use and health: a consensus document. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 23:487–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2013.02.007 CrossRefPubMed

Ajmera VH, Terrault NA, Harrison SA (2017) Is moderate alcohol use in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease good or bad? A critical review. Hepatology 65:2090–2099. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.29055 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dunn W, Sanyal AJ, Brunt EM et al (2012) Modest alcohol consumption is associated with decreased prevalence of steatohepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). J Hepatol 57:384–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2012.03.024 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kwon HK, Greenson JK, Conjeevaram HS (2014) Effect of lifetime alcohol consumption on the histological severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 34:129–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12230 CrossRefPubMed

10.

Moriya A, Iwasaki Y, Ohguchi S et al (2015) Roles of alcohol consumption in fatty liver: a longitudinal study. J Hepatol 62:921–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.025 CrossRefPubMed

11.

Seitz HK, Mueller S, Hellerbrand C, Liangpunsakul S (2015) Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 4:147–151. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.12.01 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Kwon I, Jun DW, Moon J-H (2018) Effects of moderate alcohol drinking in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut Liver. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl18175 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

13.

Ajmera V, Belt P, Wilson LA et al (2018) Among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, modest alcohol use is associated with less improvement in histologic steatosis and steatohepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:1511.e5–1520.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2018.01.026 CrossRef

14.

Sookoian S, Flichman D, Castaño GO, Pirola CJ (2016) Mendelian randomisation suggests no beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption on the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 44:1224–1234. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13828 CrossRefPubMed

15.

Fromenty B, Vadrot N, Massart J et al (2009) Chronic ethanol consumption lessens the gain of body weight, liver triglycerides, and diabetes in obese ob/ob mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 331:23–34. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.109.155168 CrossRefPubMed

16.

Kanuri G, Landmann M, Priebs J et al (2016) Moderate alcohol consumption diminishes the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in ob/ob mice. Eur J Nutr 55:1153–1164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0929-7 CrossRefPubMed

17.

Osaki A, Okazaki Y, Kimoto A et al (2014) Beneficial effect of a low dose of ethanol on liver function and serum urate in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 60:408–412. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.60.408 CrossRefPubMed

18.

Sun F, Zhuang Z, Zhang D et al (2018) Chronic moderate alcohol consumption relieves high-fat high-cholesterol diet-induced liver fibrosis in a rat model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 45:1046–1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12976 CrossRefPubMed

19.

Godfrey J, Jeanguenin L, Castro N et al (2015) Chronic voluntary ethanol consumption induces favorable ceramide profiles in selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats. PLoS One 10:e0139012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139012 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Klarich DS, Penprase J, Cintora P et al (2017) Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on gene expression related to colonic inflammation and antioxidant enzymes in rats. Alcohol 61:25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.02.179 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Justice M, Ferrugia A, Beidler J et al (2019) Effects of moderate ethanol consumption on lipid metabolism and inflammation through regulation of gene expression in rats. Alcohol Alcohol 54:5–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agy079 CrossRefPubMed

22.

Buron N, Porceddu M, Roussel C et al (2017) Chronic and low exposure to a pharmaceutical cocktail induces mitochondrial dysfunction in liver and hyperglycemia: differential responses between lean and obese mice. Environ Toxicol 32:1375–1389. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22331 CrossRefPubMed

23.

Trak-Smayra V, Paradis V, Massart J et al (2011) Pathology of the liver in obese and diabetic ob/ob and db/db mice fed a standard or high-calorie diet. Int J Exp Pathol 92:413–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2613.2011.00793.x CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Gailhouste L, Le Grand Y, Odin C et al (2010) Fibrillar collagen scoring by second harmonic microscopy: a new tool in the assessment of liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 52:398–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2009.12.009 CrossRefPubMed

25.

Tabet E, Genet V, Tiaho F et al (2016) Chlordecone potentiates hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Toxicol Lett 255:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.005 CrossRefPubMed

26.

Bucher S, Le Guillou D, Allard J et al (2018) Possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in a cellular model of NAFLD progression induced by benzo[a]pyrene/ethanol CoExposure. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018:4396403. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4396403 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Le Guillou D, Bucher S, Begriche K et al (2018) Drug-induced alterations of mitochondrial DNA homeostasis in steatotic and nonsteatotic HepaRG cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 365:711–726. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.117.246751 CrossRefPubMed

28.

Baraibar MA, Ladouce R, Friguet B (2013) Proteomic quantification and identification of carbonylated proteins upon oxidative stress and during cellular aging. J Proteom 92:63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.008 CrossRef

29.

Bucher S, Tête A, Podechard N et al (2018) Co-exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and ethanol induces a pathological progression of liver steatosis in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 8:5963. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24403-1 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Rioux V, Catheline D, Bouriel M, Legrand P (2005) Dietary myristic acid at physiologically relevant levels increases the tissue content of C20:5n-3 and C20:3n-6 in the rat. Reprod Nutr Dev 45:599–612. https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:2005048 CrossRefPubMed

31.

Rioux V, Lemarchal P, Legrand P (2000) Myristic acid, unlike palmitic acid, is rapidly metabolized in cultured rat hepatocytes. J Nutr Biochem 11:198–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00065-6 CrossRefPubMed

32.

Rioux V, Pédrono F, Blanchard H et al (2013) Trans-vaccenate is Δ13-desaturated by FADS3 in rodents. J Lipid Res 54:3438–3452. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M042572 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Ravinet Trillou C, Delgorge C, Menet C et al (2004) CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout in mice leads to leanness, resistance to diet-induced obesity and enhanced leptin sensitivity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28:640–648. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802583 CrossRefPubMed

34.

Guerville M, Leroy A, Sinquin A et al (2017) Western-diet consumption induces alteration of barrier function mechanisms in the ileum that correlates with metabolic endotoxemia in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 313:E107–E120. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00372.2016 CrossRefPubMed

35.

Goldstein DB, Kakihana R (1977) Circadian rhythms of ethanol consumption by mice: a simple computer analysis for chronopharmacology. Psychopharmacology 52:41–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00426598 CrossRefPubMed

36.

Jelic P, Shih MF, Taberner PV (1998) Diurnal variation in plasma ethanol levels of TO and CBA mice on chronic ethanol drinking or ethanol liquid diet schedules. Psychopharmacology 138:143–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130050656 CrossRefPubMed

37.

Haczeyni F, Yeh MM, Ioannou GN et al (2018) Mouse models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a reflection on recent literature. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 33:1312–1320. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14122 CrossRefPubMed

38.

Livy DJ, Parnell SE, West JR (2003) Blood ethanol concentration profiles: a comparison between rats and mice. Alcohol 29:165–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0741-8329(03)00025-9 CrossRefPubMed

39.

Stead AH, Moffat AC (1983) A collection of therapeutic, toxic and fatal blood drug concentrations in man. Hum Toxicol 2:437–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718300200301 CrossRefPubMed

40.

Schulz M, Iwersen-Bergmann S, Andresen H, Schmoldt A (2012) Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics. Crit Care 16:R136. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc11441 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Ronis MJ, Huang J, Crouch J et al (1993) Cytochrome P450 CYP 2E1 induction during chronic alcohol exposure occurs by a two-step mechanism associated with blood alcohol concentrations in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 264:944–950PubMed

42.

Badger TM, Huang J, Ronis M, Lumpkin CK (1993) Induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 during chronic ethanol exposure occurs via transcription of the CYP 2E1 gene when blood alcohol concentrations are high. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 190:780–785. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1993.1117 CrossRefPubMed

43.

Roberts BJ, Song BJ, Soh Y et al (1995) Ethanol induces CYP2E1 by protein stabilization. Role of ubiquitin conjugation in the rapid degradation of CYP2E1. J Biol Chem 270:29632–29635. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.50.29632 CrossRefPubMed

44.

Wang Y, Seitz HK, Wang X-D (2010) Moderate alcohol consumption aggravates high-fat diet induced steatohepatitis in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34:567–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01122.x CrossRefPubMed

45.

Sanchez Vega MC, Chong S, Burne THJ (2013) Early gestational exposure to moderate concentrations of ethanol alters adult behaviour in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Res 252:326–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.06.003 CrossRefPubMed

46.

Stragier E, Martin V, Davenas E et al (2015) Brain plasticity and cognitive functions after ethanol consumption in C57BL/6 J mice. Transl Psychiatry 5:e696. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.183 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Haouzi D, Lekehal M, Tinel M et al (2001) Prolonged, but not acute, glutathione depletion promotes Fas-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis in mice. Hepatology 33:1181–1188. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2001.24235 CrossRefPubMed

48.

Lacronique V, Mignon A, Fabre M et al (1996) Bcl-2 protects from lethal hepatic apoptosis induced by an anti-Fas antibody in mice. Nat Med 2:80–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0196-80 CrossRefPubMed

49.

Nova E, Baccan GC, Veses A et al (2012) Potential health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: current perspectives in research. Proc Nutr Soc 71:307–315. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665112000171 CrossRefPubMed

50.

Fang H, Judd RL (2018) Adiponectin regulation and function. Compr Physiol 8:1031–1063. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c170046 CrossRefPubMed

51.

Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Zavos C, Tsiaousi E (2010) The role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 12:365–383. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01176.x CrossRefPubMed

52.

Legrand P, Catheline D, Fichot MC, Lemarchal P (1997) Inhibiting delta9-desaturase activity impairs triacylglycerol secretion in cultured chicken hepatocytes. J Nutr 127:249–256. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.2.249 CrossRefPubMed

53.

Attie AD, Krauss RM, Gray-Keller MP et al (2002) Relationship between stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and plasma triglycerides in human and mouse hypertriglyceridemia. J Lipid Res 43:1899–1907. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M200189-JLR200 CrossRefPubMed

54.

Cazanave SC, Gores GJ (2010) Mechanisms and clinical implications of hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. Clin Lipidol 5:71–85. https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.09.85 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Hirsova P, Ibrahim SH, Gores GJ, Malhi H (2016) Lipotoxic lethal and sublethal stress signaling in hepatocytes: relevance to NASH pathogenesis. J Lipid Res 57:1758–1770. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R066357 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

56.

Marra F, Svegliati-Baroni G (2018) Lipotoxicity and the gut-liver axis in NASH pathogenesis. J Hepatol 68:280–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.014 CrossRefPubMed

57.

Begriche K, Massart J, Robin M-A et al (2013) Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 58:1497–1507. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26226 CrossRefPubMed

58.

Simões ICM, Fontes A, Pinton P et al (2018) Mitochondria in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 95:93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2017.12.019 CrossRefPubMed

59.

Hirsova P, Ibrahim SH, Krishnan A et al (2016) Lipid-induced signaling causes release of inflammatory extracellular vesicles from hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 150:956–967. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2015.12.037 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Puri P, Baillie RA, Wiest MM et al (2007) A lipidomic analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 46:1081–1090. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21763 CrossRefPubMed

61.

Listenberger LL, Han X, Lewis SE et al (2003) Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:3077–3082. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0630588100 CrossRefPubMed

62.

Busch AK, Gurisik E, Cordery DV et al (2005) Increased fatty acid desaturation and enhanced expression of stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase protects pancreatic beta-cells from lipoapoptosis. Diabetes 54:2917–2924. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.10.2917 CrossRefPubMed

63.

Alkhouri N, Dixon LJ, Feldstein AE (2009) Lipotoxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: not all lipids are created equal. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 3:445–451. https://doi.org/10.1586/egh.09.32 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

64.

Li ZZ, Berk M, McIntyre TM, Feldstein AE (2009) Hepatic lipid partitioning and liver damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J Biol Chem 284:5637–5644. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M807616200 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

65.

Yamaguchi K, Yang L, McCall S et al (2007) Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 45:1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21655 CrossRefPubMed

66.

Thiam AR, Farese RV, Walther TC (2013) The biophysics and cell biology of lipid droplets. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14:775–786. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3699 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

67.

Wilfling F, Wang H, Haas JT et al (2013) Triacylglycerol synthesis enzymes mediate lipid droplet growth by relocalizing from the ER to lipid droplets. Dev Cell 24:384–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.013 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Yang H, Galea A, Sytnyk V, Crossley M (2012) Controlling the size of lipid droplets: lipid and protein factors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 24:509–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2012.05.012 CrossRefPubMed

69.

Gao G, Chen F-J, Zhou L et al (2017) Control of lipid droplet fusion and growth by CIDE family proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1862:1197–1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.009 CrossRefPubMed

70.

Fromenty B, Pessayre D (1995) Inhibition of mitochondrial beta-oxidation as a mechanism of hepatotoxicity. Pharmacol Ther 67:101–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(95)00012-6 CrossRefPubMed

71.

Begriche K, Massart J, Robin M-A et al (2011) Drug-induced toxicity on mitochondria and lipid metabolism: mechanistic diversity and deleterious consequences for the liver. J Hepatol 54:773–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.006 CrossRefPubMed

72.

Hegarty R, Deheragoda M, Fitzpatrick E, Dhawan A (2018) Paediatric fatty liver disease (PeFLD): all is not NAFLD—pathophysiological insights and approach to management. J Hepatol 68:1286–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.006 CrossRefPubMed

73.

Tandra S, Yeh MM, Brunt EM et al (2011) Presence and significance of microvesicular steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 55:654–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.021 CrossRefPubMed

74.

Canbay A, Friedman S, Gores GJ (2004) Apoptosis: the nexus of liver injury and fibrosis. Hepatology 39:273–278. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20051 CrossRefPubMed

75.

Zhan S-S, Jiang JX, Wu J et al (2006) Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by hepatic stellate cells induces NADPH oxidase and is associated with liver fibrosis in vivo. Hepatology 43:435–443. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21093 CrossRefPubMed

76.

Chapple SJ, Siow RCM, Mann GE (2012) Crosstalk between Nrf2 and the proteasome: therapeutic potential of Nrf2 inducers in vascular disease and aging. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44:1315–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2012.04.021 CrossRefPubMed

77.

Jung T, Höhn A, Grune T (2014) The proteasome and the degradation of oxidized proteins: part II—protein oxidation and proteasomal degradation. Redox Biol 2:99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.008 CrossRefPubMed

78.

Osna NA, Haorah J, Krutik VM, Donohue TM (2004) Peroxynitrite alters the catalytic activity of rodent liver proteasome in vitro and in vivo. Hepatology 40:574–582. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20352 CrossRefPubMed

79.

Donohue TM, Thomes PG (2014) Ethanol-induced oxidant stress modulates hepatic autophagy and proteasome activity. Redox Biol 3:29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2014.10.006 CrossRefPubMed

80.

Malhotra D, Portales-Casamar E, Singh A et al (2010) Global mapping of binding sites for Nrf2 identifies novel targets in cell survival response through ChIP-Seq profiling and network analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 38:5718–5734. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq212 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

81.

Byrne CD, Targher G (2015) NAFLD: a multisystem disease. J Hepatol 62:S47–S64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012 CrossRefPubMed

82.

Than NN, Newsome PN (2015) A concise review of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis 239:192–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.001 CrossRefPubMed

Title: Moderate chronic ethanol consumption exerts beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver in mice fed a high-fat diet: possible role of higher formation of triglycerides enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Simon Bucher
Karima Begriche
Daniel Catheline
Viviane Trak-Smayra
François Tiaho
Cédric Coulouarn
Grégory Pinon
Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
Vincent Rioux
Bernard Fromenty
Publication date: 01-06-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Fatty Liver
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 4/2020
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02017-1

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 4/2020

Obesity-related inflammatory modulation by juçara berry (Euterpe edulis Mart.) supplementation in Brazilian adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Oxidative stress, DNA stability and evoked inflammatory signaling in young celiac patients consuming a gluten-free diet

Association between dietary insulin index and load with obesity in adults

Association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome determined using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

Combined effect of interventions with pure or enriched mixtures of (poly)phenols and anti-diabetic medication in type 2 diabetes management: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled human trials

Effects of a formula with a probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis Supplement on the gut microbiota of low birth weight infants

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage