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Open Access 01-09-2019 | Original Contribution

Improved adherence to Mediterranean Diet in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Authors: Minerva Granado-Casas, Nuria Alcubierre, Mariona Martín, Jordi Real, Anna M. Ramírez-Morros, Maribel Cuadrado, Núria Alonso, Mireia Falguera, Marta Hernández, Eva Aguilera, Albert Lecube, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Manel Puig-Domingo, Dídac Mauricio

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 6/2019

Abstract

Purpose

We aimed to assess food intake and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in patients with T1D compared with nondiabetic individuals.

Methods

This was an observational, multicenter study in 262 T1D subjects and 254 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects. A validated food-frequency questionnaire was administered. The alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED) and alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were assessed. The clinical variables were also collected. The analysis of data included comparisons between groups and multivariate models.

Results

Compared to the controls, the patients with T1D had a higher intake of dairy products (p < 0.001), processed meat (p = 0.001), fatty fish (p = 0.009), fruits and vegetables (p < 0.001), nuts (p = 0.011), legumes (p < 0.001), potatoes (p = 0.045), and bread (p = 0.045), and a lower intake of seafood (p = 0.011), sweets (p < 0.001), and alcohol drinks (p = 0.025). This intake pattern resulted in a higher consumption of complex carbohydrates (p = 0.049), fiber (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.007), antioxidants (p < 0.001), vitamins (p < 0.001), and minerals (p < 0.001). The frequency of patients with T1D and low aMED score (23.2%) was lower than that of the controls (35.4%; p = 0.019). The overall multivariate analysis showed that, among other factors, being a T1D subject was associated with improved aMED and aHEI scores (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001). In patients with T1D, residing in a nonurban area was associated with improved aMED and aHEI scores (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Adult patients with T1D showed healthier dietary habits and a higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet than nondiabetic subjects. Residing in a nonurban area is associated with an improved dietary pattern.

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Title: Improved adherence to Mediterranean Diet in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Minerva Granado-Casas
Nuria Alcubierre
Mariona Martín
Jordi Real
Anna M. Ramírez-Morros
Maribel Cuadrado
Núria Alonso
Mireia Falguera
Marta Hernández
Eva Aguilera
Albert Lecube
Esmeralda Castelblanco
Manel Puig-Domingo
Dídac Mauricio
Publication date: 01-09-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 6/2019
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1777-z

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