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European Journal of Nutrition

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Open Access 01-06-2018 | Original Contribution

Fluid intake of children, adolescents and adults in Indonesia: results of the 2016 Liq.In⁷ national cross-sectional survey

Authors: P. W. Laksmi, C. Morin, J. Gandy, L. A. Moreno, S. A. Kavouras, H. Martinez, J. Salas-Salvadó, I. Guelinckx

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Special Issue 3/2018

Abstract

Purpose

To report daily total fluid intake (TFI) and fluid types in Indonesia according to age, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and geographic region, and compare TFI with the Indonesian adequate fluid intake (AI) recommendations.

Methods

Data were collected in 32 cities over nine regions from children (4–9 years, n = 388), adolescents, (10–17 years, n = 478) and adults (18–65 years, n = 2778) using a fluid intake 7-day record (Liq.In⁷); socio-economic status was also recorded. The 7-day mean TFIs were compared with the AI of water set by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.

Results

Total median fluid intakes for all age groups exceeded 2000 mL/day. At population level, TFI was associated with household income (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001) and Indonesian geographical regions (P < 0.001). More than 67% of participants met the AI of water from fluids. A higher percentage of children and adolescents met the AI (78 and 80%, respectively), compared with adults (72%). Drinking water was the main contributor to TFI in all age groups (76–81%). Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) were consumed by 62% children, 72% adolescents and 61% of adults. An SSB intake ≥ 1 serving per day was observed for 24% children, 41% adolescents and 33% adults.

Conclusions

A high percentage of the population drank enough to meet the AI of water from fluids. Water was the most frequently consumed drink; however, many participants consumed at least one serving of SSB per day. This study provides data to help direct targeted intervention programs.

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Title: Fluid intake of children, adolescents and adults in Indonesia: results of the 2016 Liq.In7 national cross-sectional survey
Authors: P. W. Laksmi
C. Morin
J. Gandy
L. A. Moreno
S. A. Kavouras
H. Martinez
J. Salas-Salvadó
I. Guelinckx
Publication date: 01-06-2018
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue Special Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1740-z

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Purpose

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Results

Conclusions

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