Top

European Journal of Nutrition

Published in:

01-04-2019 | Original Contribution

Winter vitamin D₃ supplementation does not increase muscle strength, but modulates the IGF-axis in young children

Authors: Charlotte Mortensen, Christian Mølgaard, Hanne Hauger, Michael Kristensen, Camilla T. Damsgaard

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 3/2019

Abstract

Purpose

To explore whether muscle strength, the insulin-like growth factor axis (IGF-axis), height, and body composition were associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and affected by winter vitamin D supplementation in healthy children, and furthermore to explore potential sex differences.

Methods

We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose–response winter trial at 55ºN. A total of 117 children aged 4–8 years were randomly assigned to either placebo, 10, or 20 µg/day of vitamin D₃ for 20 weeks. At baseline and endpoint, we measured muscle strength with handgrip dynamometer, fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), height, plasma IGF-1, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and serum 25(OH)D.

Results

At baseline, serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with muscle strength, FFMI, and IGFBP-3 in girls only (all p < 0.01). At endpoint, baseline-adjusted muscle strength, FMI and FFMI did not differ between intervention groups. However, baseline-adjusted IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were higher after 20 µg/day compared to placebo (p = 0.043 and p = 0.006, respectively) and IGFBP-3 was also higher after 20 µg/day compared to 10 µg/day (p = 0.011). Children tended to be taller after 20 µg/day compared to placebo (p = 0.064). No sex interactions were seen at endpoint.

Conclusions

Avoiding the winter-related decline in serum 25(OH)D may influence IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in children. Larger trials are required to confirm these effects, and the long-term implication for linear growth.

Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF (1988) Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in boston and edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67:373–378. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-67-2-373 CrossRef

Mortensen C, Damsgaard CT, Hauger H et al (2016) Estimation of the dietary requirement for vitamin D in white children aged 4–8 y: a randomized, controlled, dose-response trial. Am J Clin Nutr 104:1310–1317. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.136697 CrossRef

Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board (2011) Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. National Academies Press, Washington, DC

Nordisk Ministerråd (2014) Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012, integrating nutrition and physical activity, 5th edn, 1. oplag. Nordic Council of Ministers

Shaw NJ, Mughal MZ (2013) Vitamin D and child health: part 2 (extraskeletal and other aspects). Arch Dis Child 98:368–372. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302585 CrossRefPubMed

Glerup H, Mikkelsen K, Poulsen L et al (2014) Hypovitaminosis D myopathy without biochemical signs of osteomalacic bone involvement. Calcif Tissue Int 66:419–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002230010085 CrossRef

Ceglia L (2008) Vitamin D and skeletal muscle tissue and function. Mol Aspects Med 29:407–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2008.07.002 CrossRefPubMed

Ward KA, Das G, Berry JL et al (2009) Vitamin D status and muscle function in post-menarchal adolescent girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:559–563. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1284 CrossRef

Valtueña J, Gracia-Marco L, Huybrechts I et al (2013) Cardiorespiratory fitness in males, and upper limbs muscular strength in females, are positively related with 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma concentrations in European adolescents: the HELENA study. QJM 106:809–821. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hct089 CrossRefPubMed

10.

Foo LH, Zhang Q, Zhu K et al (2009) Low vitamin D status has an adverse influence on bone Mass, bone turnover, and muscle strength in Chinese adolescent girls. J Nutr 139:1002–1007. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.102053 CrossRef

11.

Carson EL, Pourshahidi LK, Hill TR et al (2015) Vitamin D, muscle function, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents from the young hearts study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:4621–4628. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2956 CrossRefPubMed

12.

El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Nabulsi M, Tamim H et al (2006) Effect of vitamin D replacement on musculoskeletal parameters in school children: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:405–412. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1436 CrossRefPubMed

13.

Ward KA, Das G, Roberts SA et al (2010) A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin D Supplementation upon musculoskeletal health in postmenarchal females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:4643–4651. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-2725 CrossRef

14.

McCarthy EK, Kiely M (2015) Vitamin D and muscle strength throughout the life course: a review of epidemiological and intervention studies. J Hum Nutr Diet 28:636–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12268 CrossRefPubMed

15.

Hazell TJ, DeGuire JR, Weiler HA (2012) Vitamin D: an overview of its role in skeletal muscle physiology in children and adolescents. Nutr Rev 70:520–533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00510.x CrossRefPubMed

16.

Ameri P, Giusti A, Boschetti M et al (2013) Interactions between vitamin D and IGF-I: from physiology to clinical practice. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 79:457–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12268 CrossRef

17.

Soliman AT, Al Khalaf F, AlHemaidi N et al (2008) Linear growth in relation to the circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in children with nutritional rickets before and after treatment: endocrine adaptation to vitamin D deficiency. Metabolism 57:95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.08.011 CrossRefPubMed

18.

Bereket A, Cesur Y, Özkan B et al (2010) Circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is not regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in vivo: evidence from children with rickets. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2:17–20CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Hamilton B (2010) Vitamin D and human skeletal muscle. Scand J Med Sci Sports 20:182–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01016.x CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Closa-Monasterolo R, Ferré N, Luque V et al (2011) Sex differences in the endocrine system in response to protein intake early in life. Am J Clin Nutr 94:1920S–1927S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.001123 CrossRefPubMed

21.

Damsgaard CT, Harsløf LBS, Andersen AD et al (2016) Fish oil supplementation from 9 to 18 months of age affects the insulin-like growth factor axis in a sex-specific manner in Danish infants. Br J Nutr 115:782–790. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515004973 CrossRefPubMed

22.

Earthman CP, Beckman LM, Masodkar K, Sibley SD (2012) The link between obesity and low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations: considerations and implications. Int J Obes 36:387–396. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.119 CrossRef

23.

World Medical Association (2013) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 310:2191–2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053 CrossRef

24.

Newman DG, Pearn J, Barnes A et al (1984) Norms for hand grip strength. Arch Dis Child 59:453–459. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.59.5.453 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Scientist WA, van den BHM, Epidemiologist, Scientist WA van den BHM, et al (2006) Validity and reproducibility of the Jamar dynamometer in children aged 4–11 years. Disabil Rehabil 28:1303–1309. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280600631047 CrossRef

26.

Molenaar HM (Ties), Selles RW, Zuidam JM et al (2009) Growth diagrams for grip strength in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468:217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-0881-z

27.

Hager-Ross C, Rosblad B (2002) Norms for grip strength in children aged 4–16 years. Acta Paediatr 91:617–625CrossRefPubMed

28.

World Health Organization Application tools WHO AnthroPlus software. In: WHO. http://www.who.int/growthref/tools/en/. Accessed 4 Jan 2016

29.

Talma H, Chinapaw MJM, Bakker B et al (2013) Bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate body composition in children and adolescents: a systematic review and evidence appraisal of validity, responsiveness, reliability and measurement error. Obes Rev 14:895–905. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12061 CrossRefPubMed

30.

Andersen LB, Schnohr P, Schroll M, Hein HO (2000) All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work. Arch Intern Med 160:1621–1628. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.11.1621 CrossRefPubMed

31.

Kiely M, Collins A, Lucey AJ et al (2016) Development, validation and implementation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess habitual vitamin D intake. J Hum Nutr Diet 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12348

32.

Aksglaede L, Sørensen K, Petersen JH et al (2009) Recent Decline in Age at Breast Development: The Copenhagen Puberty Study. Pediatrics 123:e932–e939. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2491 CrossRefPubMed

33.

Sørensen K, Aksglaede L, Petersen JH, Juul A (2010) Recent changes in pubertal timing in healthy danish boys: associations with body mass index. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:263–270. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-1478 CrossRefPubMed

34.

Van den Beld WA, Van der Sanden GAC, Janssen AJWM. et al (2011) Comparison of 3 instruments to measure muscle strength in children: A prospective study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 15:512–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2011.05.006 CrossRefPubMed

35.

Beaudart C, Buckinx F, Rabenda V et al (2014) The effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle power: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:4336–4345. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-1742 CrossRef

36.

Juul A, Dalgaard P, Blum WF et al (1995) Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in healthy infants, children, and adolescents: the relation to IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, age, sex, body mass index, and pubertal maturation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:2534–2542. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.80.8.7543116 CrossRefPubMed

37.

Ameri P, Giusti A, Boschetti M et al (2013) Vitamin D increases circulating IGF1 in adults: potential implication for the treatment of GH deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 169:767–772. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-13-0510 CrossRefPubMed

38.

Bogazzi F, Rossi G, Lombardi M et al (2010) Vitamin D status may contribute to serum insulin-like growth factor I concentrations in healthy subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 34:e200–e203. https://doi.org/10.3275/7228 CrossRefPubMed

39.

Kremer R, Campbell PP, Reinhardt T, Gilsanz V (2009) Vitamin D status and its relationship to body fat, final height, and peak bone mass in young women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:67–73. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1575 CrossRefPubMed

40.

Foo LH, Zhang Q, Zhu K et al (2009) Relationship between vitamin D status, body composition and physical exercise of adolescent girls in Beijing. Osteoporos Int 20:417–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0667-2 CrossRef

41.

Drincic AT, Armas LAG, Van Diest EE, Heaney RP (2012) Volumetric dilution, rather than sequestration best explains the low vitamin D status of obesity. Obes Silver Spring Md 20:1444–1448. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.404 CrossRef

42.

Vimaleswaran KS, Berry DJ, Lu C et al (2013) Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts. PLoS Med 10:e1001383CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Arneson WL, Arneson DL (2013) Current methods for routine clinical laboratory testing of vitamin D levels. Lab Med 44:e38–e42. https://doi.org/10.1309/LMONQZQ27TIN7XFS CrossRef

Title: Winter vitamin D3 supplementation does not increase muscle strength, but modulates the IGF-axis in young children
Authors: Charlotte Mortensen
Christian Mølgaard
Hanne Hauger
Michael Kristensen
Camilla T. Damsgaard
Publication date: 01-04-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1637-x

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Winter vitamin D₃ supplementation does not increase muscle strength, but modulates the IGF-axis in young children

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

Chronic fructose intake does not induce liver steatosis and inflammation in female Sprague–Dawley rats, but causes hypertriglyceridemia related to decreased VLDL receptor expression

Association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and incident hypertension in Korean adults: a prospective study

Plasma elemental responses to red meat ingestion in healthy young males and the effect of cooking method

Modulation by hydroxytyrosol of oxidative stress and antitumor activities of paclitaxel in breast cancer

Dietary pattern associated with selenoprotein P and MRI-derived body fat volumes, liver signal intensity, and metabolic disorders

Dietary patterns, their covariates, and associations with severity of depressive symptoms among university students in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page