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01-03-2013 | Original Contribution

Influence of breastfeeding versus formula feeding on lymphocyte subsets in infants at risk of coeliac disease: the PROFICEL study

Authors: Tamara Pozo-Rubio, Amalia Capilla, Jorge R. Mujico, Giada de Palma, Ascensión Marcos, Yolanda Sanz, Isabel Polanco, Maria Dolores García-Novo, Gemma Castillejo, Carmen Ribes-Koninckx, Vicente Varea, Francesc Palau, Luis Ortigosa, Luis Peña-Quintana, Esther Nova

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 2/2013

Abstract

Purpose

In addition to genetic risk, environmental factors might influence coeliac disease (CD) development. We sought to assess the effect of the interaction between milk-feeding practices and the HLA-DQ genotype on peripheral lymphocyte subsets and their activation markers in infants at familial risk for CD.

Methods

170 newborns were classified in 3 different genetic risk groups (high risk, HR; intermediate risk, IR; and low risk, LR) after DQB1 and DQA1 typing. Lymphocyte subsets were studied at the age of 4 months by flow cytometry analysis.

Results

79 infants were receiving exclusive breastfeeding (BF) and 91 partial breastfeeding or formula feeding (FF). Regarding genetic risk, 40 infants were classified in HR group, 75 in IR group and 55 in LR group. Two-way ANOVA did not show significant interactions between the type of milk feeding and genetic risk group on the lymphocyte subsets analysed. One-way ANOVA for milk-feeding practice alone showed that the percentage of CD4 + CD25+ cells was significantly higher in BF group than in FF group (BF, 10.92 ± 2.71; FF, 9.94 ± 2.96; p = 0.026), and absolute counts of CD4 + CD38+ cells were significantly higher in FF group than in BF group (FF, 2,881.23 ± 973.48; BF, 2,557.95 ± 977.06; p = 0.038). One-way ANOVA for genetic risk alone showed that absolute counts of NK cells were significantly higher in IR group than HR and LR groups (IR, 539.24 ± 340.63; HR, 405.01 ± 239.53; LR, 419.86 ± 262.85; p = 0.028).

Conclusion

Lymphocyte subset profiles in the early stages of life could be modulated by milk-feeding practices and genetic risk separately. Breastfeeding might have a positive immunomodulatory effect on lymphocyte subsets in infants at risk of CD.

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Title: Influence of breastfeeding versus formula feeding on lymphocyte subsets in infants at risk of coeliac disease: the PROFICEL study
Authors: Tamara Pozo-Rubio
Amalia Capilla
Jorge R. Mujico
Giada de Palma
Ascensión Marcos
Yolanda Sanz
Isabel Polanco
Maria Dolores García-Novo
Gemma Castillejo
Carmen Ribes-Koninckx
Vicente Varea
Francesc Palau
Luis Ortigosa
Luis Peña-Quintana
Esther Nova
Publication date: 01-03-2013
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0367-8

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Conclusion

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