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Open Access 01-08-2010 | Review

Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data

Authors: I. A. C. Vermeltfoort, P. G. H. M. Raijmakers, I. I. Riphagen, D. A. M. Odekerken, A. F. M. Kuijper, A. Zwijnenburg, G. J. J. Teule

Published in: Clinical Research in Cardiology | Issue 8/2010

Abstract

There is no consensus regarding the definition of cardiac syndrome X (CSX). We systematically reviewed recent literature using a standardized search strategy. We included 57 articles. A total of 47 studies mentioned a male/female distribution. A meta-analysis yielded a pooled proportion of females of 0.56 (n = 1,934 patients, with 95% confidence interval: 0.54–0.59). As much as 9 inclusion criteria and 43 exclusion criteria were found in the 57 articles. Applying these criteria to a population with normal coronary angiograms and treated in 1 year at a general hospital, the attributable CSX incidence varied between 3 and 11%. The many inclusion and exclusion criteria result in a wide range of definitions of CSX and these have large effects on the incidence. This shows the need for a generally accepted definition of CSX.

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Title: Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data
Authors: I. A. C. Vermeltfoort
P. G. H. M. Raijmakers
I. I. Riphagen
D. A. M. Odekerken
A. F. M. Kuijper
A. Zwijnenburg
G. J. J. Teule
Publication date: 01-08-2010
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Clinical Research in Cardiology / Issue 8/2010
Print ISSN: 1861-0684
Electronic ISSN: 1861-0692
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-010-0159-1

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