Correlations between serum homocysteine levels and RoPE score in patients with patent foramen ovale

The pathophysiological relationship between elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels and patent foramen ovale (PFO) has not yet been completely clarified. In the present study, we assess the correlation between serum homocysteine levels and the RoPE score in PFO patients. We retrospectively reviewed clinical and instrumental data of 244 subjects referred to a single tertiary center for PFO evaluation and/or treatment between January 2010 and January 2018,stratified as closure and control group, respectively. Patients in the closure group had an higher serum Hcy levels compared to the control group (28.5 ± 8.5 vs 10.2 ± 6.6 μg/dL, p < 0.0001). A significant direct correlation was observed between serum Hcy levels and the RoPE Score in the entire population. A positive significant correlation continued to exist also in the closure and control groups (r = 0.472, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.378, p < 0.0001, respectively). A receiver operating characteristics curve identified the optimal cutoff value of homocysteinemia as a predictor of RoPE score > 7 in the closure group (AUC 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–0.94, p < 0.0001) when 19.5 μg/dL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that an Hcy serum level ≥ 19.5 μg/dL predict an RoPE score > 7 (OR 3.21, 95% CI 2.82–3.26, p < 0.0001) in closed patients independently from the presence of permanent right-to-left (RLS) (OR 2.28, 95% CI 2.01–2.43, p = 0.001) and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) (OR 3.04, 95% CI 2.64–3.51, p < 0.0001). Serum homocysteine levels in PFO patients are positively correlated with the RoPE score. Moreover, a homocysteinemia ≥ 19.5 μg/dL predicts an RoPE score > 7 independently from the presence of a permanent RLS and a concomitant ASA.