Clinical features of potential after-effects of percutaneous coronary intervention in the treatment of silent myocardial ischemia

Clinical predictors for later adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for silent myocardial ischemia remain undetermined. We investigated clinical features leading to later adverse cardiovascular events in patients who underwent PCI for silent myocardial ischemia. Of a total of 294 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia who successfully underwent contemporary PCI in our institute between January 2013 and December 2014, an initial event of any of all-cause death, hospitalized heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, and target vessel revascularization were identified as later adverse cardiovascular events and evaluated an association of them with baseline clinical characteristics. Silent myocardial ischemia was defined by an assessment of either electrocardiogram, myocardial perfusion imaging, coronary angiogram, or coronary fractional flow reserve. During a median follow-up of 565 days (interquartile range 361–816), later adverse cardiovascular events were identified in 38 patients (13%) consisting of 6 deaths, 5 hospitalized heart failures, 2 acute coronary syndromes, and 25 target vessel revascularizations. A presence of chronic kidney disease and/or insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, but not other clinical features, was strongly associated with later adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 8.22; 95% confidential interval 2.95–29.25, P < 0.0001). Those events were increased in accordance with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (P = 0.0003). A presence of chronic kidney disease and/or insulin-treated diabetes mellitus may lead the potential after-effects of PCI in the treatment of silent myocardial ischemia.