Diastolic dysfunction predicts the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and outcome post-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in AMI patients with preserved ejection fraction

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are at high risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). However, the risk factors of CIN in AMI patients with preserved LVEF remain largely unknown now. The present study explored the relationship between LV diastolic function and CIN in this patient cohort. The present prospective cohort study enrolled 379 AMI patients with preserved LVEF (≥ 50%) who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before PCI using a portable echocardiography system. Diastolic function was graded as normal, indeterminate and diastolic dysfunction according to the current recommendation of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. A total of 88 patients (23.2%) developed CIN. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both diastolic dysfunction (DD) and the mitral E velocity to mitral annular tissue Doppler E′ velocity ratio (E/E′) were independent predictors of CIN (P < 0.001). Other independent risk factors of CIN included increased Mehran score, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, higher HbA1c and left anterior descending lesion, as well as the use of diuretics. Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that CIN, DD, higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and HbA1c were independent predictors of MACE 2 years after AMI. Diastolic dysfunction determined before emergency PCI is linked with increased risk of CIN in AMI patients with preserved LVEF. CIN and diastolic dysfunction are independent predictors of MACE at 2 years in this patient cohort.