Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Radiology 7/2006

01-07-2006 | Breast

CAD for mammography: the technique, results, current role and further developments

Authors: Ansgar Malich, Dorothee R. Fischer, Joachim Böttcher

Published in: European Radiology | Issue 7/2006

Login to get access

Abstract

CAD systems, developed to assist the radiologist in the detection of suspicious lesions on mammograms, are currently controversially discussed. The highly sensitive detection of malignant structures including priors by CAD is linked with a low specific performance and a high rate of falsely positive markings. This causes controversial results regarding the effect of CAD systems for the diagnosing radiologist. This review aims to give an overview of the current literature, to state the currently discussed controversial results of CAD and to give an outlook on the next developments, which are not limited to senology, but include many other applications of CAD systems in radiology.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Krebsatlas der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1998) 3. Auflage Becker N, Wahrendorf J. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York Krebsatlas der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1998) 3. Auflage Becker N, Wahrendorf J. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
2.
go back to reference Alexander FE, Anderson TJ, Brown HK et al (1994) The Edinburgh randomised trial of breast cancer screening. Results after 10 years of follow - up. Br J Cancer 70:542–548PubMed Alexander FE, Anderson TJ, Brown HK et al (1994) The Edinburgh randomised trial of breast cancer screening. Results after 10 years of follow - up. Br J Cancer 70:542–548PubMed
3.
go back to reference Andersson I, Aspegren K, Janzon L et al (1988) Mammographic screening and mortality from breast cancer. The Malmoe mammographic screening trail. BMJ 297:943–948PubMedCrossRef Andersson I, Aspegren K, Janzon L et al (1988) Mammographic screening and mortality from breast cancer. The Malmoe mammographic screening trail. BMJ 297:943–948PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Larsson LG, Andersson I, Bjurstam N et al (1997) Updated overview of the Swedish randomized trials on breast cancer screening with mammography. Age group 40–49 at randomization. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 22:57–61PubMed Larsson LG, Andersson I, Bjurstam N et al (1997) Updated overview of the Swedish randomized trials on breast cancer screening with mammography. Age group 40–49 at randomization. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 22:57–61PubMed
5.
go back to reference Mushlin AI, Kouides RW, Shapiro DE (1998) Estimating the accuracy of screening mammography. A meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med 14:143–153CrossRefPubMed Mushlin AI, Kouides RW, Shapiro DE (1998) Estimating the accuracy of screening mammography. A meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med 14:143–153CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Poplack SP, Tosteson AN, Grove MR, Wells WA, Carney PA (2000) Mammography in 53,803 women from New Hampshire mammopraphy network. Radiology 217:832–840PubMed Poplack SP, Tosteson AN, Grove MR, Wells WA, Carney PA (2000) Mammography in 53,803 women from New Hampshire mammopraphy network. Radiology 217:832–840PubMed
7.
go back to reference Zonderland HM, Coerkamp EG, Hermans J, van de VijverMJ, van Voorthuisen ADE (1999) Diagnosis of breast cancer. Contribution of US as an adjunct to mammography. Radiology 213:413–422PubMed Zonderland HM, Coerkamp EG, Hermans J, van de VijverMJ, van Voorthuisen ADE (1999) Diagnosis of breast cancer. Contribution of US as an adjunct to mammography. Radiology 213:413–422PubMed
8.
go back to reference Blanks RG, Moss SM, McGahan CE, Quinn MJ, Babb PJ (2000) Effect of NHS breast screening programme on mortality from breast cancer in England and Wales, 1990–1998: comparison of observed with predicted mortality. BMJ 321:665–669CrossRefPubMed Blanks RG, Moss SM, McGahan CE, Quinn MJ, Babb PJ (2000) Effect of NHS breast screening programme on mortality from breast cancer in England and Wales, 1990–1998: comparison of observed with predicted mortality. BMJ 321:665–669CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Tayler P (2002) Computer aids for detection and diagnosis in mammography. Imaging 14:472–477 Tayler P (2002) Computer aids for detection and diagnosis in mammography. Imaging 14:472–477
10.
go back to reference Bird RE (1990) Professional quality assurance for mammography screening programs. Radiology 177:8–10 Bird RE (1990) Professional quality assurance for mammography screening programs. Radiology 177:8–10
11.
go back to reference Chan HP, Doi K, Vyborny CJ et al (1990) Improvement in radiologists detection of clustered microcalcifications on mammograms: the potential of computer-aided diagnosis. Invest Radiol 25:1102–1110PubMedCrossRef Chan HP, Doi K, Vyborny CJ et al (1990) Improvement in radiologists detection of clustered microcalcifications on mammograms: the potential of computer-aided diagnosis. Invest Radiol 25:1102–1110PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Zheng B, Chang YH, Staiger M, Good W, Gur D (1995) Computer-aided detection of clustered microcalcifications in digitized mammograms. Acad Radiol 2:655–662CrossRefPubMed Zheng B, Chang YH, Staiger M, Good W, Gur D (1995) Computer-aided detection of clustered microcalcifications in digitized mammograms. Acad Radiol 2:655–662CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Chan HP, Sahiner B, Helvie MA et al (1999) Improvement of radiologist’s characterization of mammographic masses by using computer-aided diagnosis: an ROC-study. Radiology 212:817–827PubMed Chan HP, Sahiner B, Helvie MA et al (1999) Improvement of radiologist’s characterization of mammographic masses by using computer-aided diagnosis: an ROC-study. Radiology 212:817–827PubMed
14.
go back to reference Thurfjell EL, Lernevall KA, Taube AAS (1994) Benefit of independent double reading in a population-based mammography screening program. Radiology 191:241–244PubMed Thurfjell EL, Lernevall KA, Taube AAS (1994) Benefit of independent double reading in a population-based mammography screening program. Radiology 191:241–244PubMed
15.
go back to reference Fields S (1998) UK radiologist workforce survey-breast imaging service. Royal College of Radiologists Newsletter 54:12–14 Fields S (1998) UK radiologist workforce survey-breast imaging service. Royal College of Radiologists Newsletter 54:12–14
16.
go back to reference Winsberg F, Elkin M, Macy J, Bordaz V, Weymouth W (1967) Detection of radiographic abnormalities in mammograms by means of optical scanning and computer analysis. Radiology 89:211–215 Winsberg F, Elkin M, Macy J, Bordaz V, Weymouth W (1967) Detection of radiographic abnormalities in mammograms by means of optical scanning and computer analysis. Radiology 89:211–215
17.
go back to reference Taylor P, Champness J, Given-Wilson R, Johnston K, Potts H (2005) Impact of computer-aided detection prompts on the sensitivity and specificity of screening mammography. Health Technology Assessment 9:1–58PubMed Taylor P, Champness J, Given-Wilson R, Johnston K, Potts H (2005) Impact of computer-aided detection prompts on the sensitivity and specificity of screening mammography. Health Technology Assessment 9:1–58PubMed
18.
20.
go back to reference Image Checker M 1000 System, Draft Document. 12.11.1997:1–35 Image Checker M 1000 System, Draft Document. 12.11.1997:1–35
22.
go back to reference Acar B, Beaulieu CF, Paik DS, Yee J, Jeffrey RB, Napel SS (2002) 3D differential descriptors for improved computer aided detection (CAD) of colonic polyps in computed tomography colonography (CTC). Radiology 255(S):405 Acar B, Beaulieu CF, Paik DS, Yee J, Jeffrey RB, Napel SS (2002) 3D differential descriptors for improved computer aided detection (CAD) of colonic polyps in computed tomography colonography (CTC). Radiology 255(S):405
23.
go back to reference Helvie MA, Hadjiiski L, Makariou E et al (2004) Sensitivity of noncommercial computer-aided detection system for mammographic breast cancer detection: pilot clinical trial. Radiology 231:208–214PubMedCrossRef Helvie MA, Hadjiiski L, Makariou E et al (2004) Sensitivity of noncommercial computer-aided detection system for mammographic breast cancer detection: pilot clinical trial. Radiology 231:208–214PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Petrick N, Sahiner B, Chan HP, Helvie MA, Paquerault S, Hadjiiski LM (2002) Breast cancer detection: evaluation of a mass detection algorithm for computer-aided diagnosis-experience in 263 patients. Radiology 224:217–224PubMedCrossRef Petrick N, Sahiner B, Chan HP, Helvie MA, Paquerault S, Hadjiiski LM (2002) Breast cancer detection: evaluation of a mass detection algorithm for computer-aided diagnosis-experience in 263 patients. Radiology 224:217–224PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Malich A, Marx C, Facius M, Boehm T, Fleck M, Kaiser WA (2001) Tumor detection rate of a new commercially available computer-aided detection system. Eur Radiol 12:2454–2459CrossRef Malich A, Marx C, Facius M, Boehm T, Fleck M, Kaiser WA (2001) Tumor detection rate of a new commercially available computer-aided detection system. Eur Radiol 12:2454–2459CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Funovics M, Schamp S, Lackner B, Wunderbaldinger P, Lechner G, Wolf G (1998) Computerassistierte diagnose in der mammographie: das R2 imagechecker-system in der detektion spikulierter läsionen. Wien Med Wschr 148:321–324PubMed Funovics M, Schamp S, Lackner B, Wunderbaldinger P, Lechner G, Wolf G (1998) Computerassistierte diagnose in der mammographie: das R2 imagechecker-system in der detektion spikulierter läsionen. Wien Med Wschr 148:321–324PubMed
27.
go back to reference Jiang Y, Nishikawa RM, Schmidt RA, Metz CE, Doi K (1999) Comparison of Independent double reading and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for the diagnosis of breast lesions. Radiology 213(S):323 Jiang Y, Nishikawa RM, Schmidt RA, Metz CE, Doi K (1999) Comparison of Independent double reading and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for the diagnosis of breast lesions. Radiology 213(S):323
28.
go back to reference Thurfjell E, Thurfjell G, Egge E, Bjurstam N (1998) Sensitivity and specificity of computer-assisted breast cancer detection in mammography screening. Acta Radiol 39:384–388PubMedCrossRef Thurfjell E, Thurfjell G, Egge E, Bjurstam N (1998) Sensitivity and specificity of computer-assisted breast cancer detection in mammography screening. Acta Radiol 39:384–388PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Chang YH, Zheng B, Gur D (1997) Computer-aided detection of clustered microcalcifications on digitized mammograms: a robustness experiment. Acad Radiol 4:415–418CrossRefPubMed Chang YH, Zheng B, Gur D (1997) Computer-aided detection of clustered microcalcifications on digitized mammograms: a robustness experiment. Acad Radiol 4:415–418CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Ibrahim N, Fujita H, Hara T, Endo T (1997) Automated detection of clustered MC on mammograms. CAD system application to MIAS database. Phys Med Biol 42:2577–2589CrossRefPubMed Ibrahim N, Fujita H, Hara T, Endo T (1997) Automated detection of clustered MC on mammograms. CAD system application to MIAS database. Phys Med Biol 42:2577–2589CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Chang YH, Zheng B, Gur D (1996) Robustness of computerized identification of MA in digitized mammograms. A preliminary assessment. Invest Radiol 31:563–568CrossRefPubMed Chang YH, Zheng B, Gur D (1996) Robustness of computerized identification of MA in digitized mammograms. A preliminary assessment. Invest Radiol 31:563–568CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Nishikawa RM, Giger ML, Doi K et al (1994) Effect of case selection on the performance of computer-aided detection schemes. Med Phys 21:265–269CrossRefPubMed Nishikawa RM, Giger ML, Doi K et al (1994) Effect of case selection on the performance of computer-aided detection schemes. Med Phys 21:265–269CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Veldkamp WJ, Karssmeijer N (1998) Accurate segmentation and contrast measurement of microcalcifications in mammograms: a phantom study. Med Phys 25:1102–1110CrossRefPubMed Veldkamp WJ, Karssmeijer N (1998) Accurate segmentation and contrast measurement of microcalcifications in mammograms: a phantom study. Med Phys 25:1102–1110CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Sittek H, Perlet C, Helmberger R, Linsmeier E, Kessler M, Reiser M (1998) Computer assistierte analyse von mammographien in der klinischen routinediagnostik. Radiologe 38:848–852CrossRefPubMed Sittek H, Perlet C, Helmberger R, Linsmeier E, Kessler M, Reiser M (1998) Computer assistierte analyse von mammographien in der klinischen routinediagnostik. Radiologe 38:848–852CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Warren Burhenne LJ, Wood SA, D’Orsi CJ, Feig SA, Kopans DB, O’Shaughnessy KF et al (2000) Potential contribution of computer-aided detection to the sensitivity of screening mammography. Radiology 215:554–562PubMed Warren Burhenne LJ, Wood SA, D’Orsi CJ, Feig SA, Kopans DB, O’Shaughnessy KF et al (2000) Potential contribution of computer-aided detection to the sensitivity of screening mammography. Radiology 215:554–562PubMed
36.
go back to reference Butler SA, Gabbay RJ, Kass DA, Siedler DE, O’Shaughnessy KF, Castellino RA (2004) Computer-aided detection in diagnostic mammography: detection of clinically unsuspected cancers. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183:1155–1511 Butler SA, Gabbay RJ, Kass DA, Siedler DE, O’Shaughnessy KF, Castellino RA (2004) Computer-aided detection in diagnostic mammography: detection of clinically unsuspected cancers. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183:1155–1511
37.
go back to reference Malich A (2006) Is there a diagnostic input of CAD in the detection of initially overseen or not detectable breast cancer lesions at mammograms? Presented ECR 2006 Malich A (2006) Is there a diagnostic input of CAD in the detection of initially overseen or not detectable breast cancer lesions at mammograms? Presented ECR 2006
38.
go back to reference Malich A, Marx C, Facius M, Wurdinger S, Pfleiderer SO, Freesmeyer MG, Kaiser WA (2004) Value of computer-aided detection (CAD) of breast cancers on mammograms, which were not detected by radiologists. ECR 2004: Eur Radiol 14(S2):235 Malich A, Marx C, Facius M, Wurdinger S, Pfleiderer SO, Freesmeyer MG, Kaiser WA (2004) Value of computer-aided detection (CAD) of breast cancers on mammograms, which were not detected by radiologists. ECR 2004: Eur Radiol 14(S2):235
39.
go back to reference Marx C, Schütze B, Fleck M, O’Shaughnessy K, Kaiser WA (1998) Computer-aided diagnosis - help to detect breast cancer earlier? A retrospective analysis of 58 casa with previous mammograms. 10th International Congress on Senology, 31 May-4 June 1998, Porto, Portugal. Breast J 4(S):39 Marx C, Schütze B, Fleck M, O’Shaughnessy K, Kaiser WA (1998) Computer-aided diagnosis - help to detect breast cancer earlier? A retrospective analysis of 58 casa with previous mammograms. 10th International Congress on Senology, 31 May-4 June 1998, Porto, Portugal. Breast J 4(S):39
40.
go back to reference Blanks RG, Wallis MG, Given-Wilson RM (1999) Observer variability in cancer detection during routine repeat (incident) mammographic screening in a study of two versus one view mammography. J Med Screen 6:152–158PubMed Blanks RG, Wallis MG, Given-Wilson RM (1999) Observer variability in cancer detection during routine repeat (incident) mammographic screening in a study of two versus one view mammography. J Med Screen 6:152–158PubMed
41.
go back to reference Marx C, Malich A, Grebenstein U, Kaiser WA (2004) Are unnecessary follow-up procedures induced by computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in mammography? Comparison of mammographic diagnosis with and without use of CAD. Eur J Radiol 51:66–72CrossRefPubMed Marx C, Malich A, Grebenstein U, Kaiser WA (2004) Are unnecessary follow-up procedures induced by computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in mammography? Comparison of mammographic diagnosis with and without use of CAD. Eur J Radiol 51:66–72CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Moberg K, Bjurstam N, Wilczek B, Rostgard L, Egge E, Muren C (2001) Computed assisted detection of interval cancers. Eur J Radiol 39:104–110CrossRefPubMed Moberg K, Bjurstam N, Wilczek B, Rostgard L, Egge E, Muren C (2001) Computed assisted detection of interval cancers. Eur J Radiol 39:104–110CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Brem RF, Schoonjans JM (2001) Radiologist detection of microcalcifications with and without computer aided detection: a comparative study. Clin Radiol 56:150–154CrossRefPubMed Brem RF, Schoonjans JM (2001) Radiologist detection of microcalcifications with and without computer aided detection: a comparative study. Clin Radiol 56:150–154CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Malich A (2006) The role of CAD as a primer diagnostic tool and as an assisting aid for radiologists tested on an official mammography test collection. Presented ECR 2006 Malich A (2006) The role of CAD as a primer diagnostic tool and as an assisting aid for radiologists tested on an official mammography test collection. Presented ECR 2006
45.
go back to reference Freer TW, Ulissey MJ (2001) Screening mammography with computer-aided detection: prospective study of 12,860 patients in a community breast center. Radiology 220:781–786PubMedCrossRef Freer TW, Ulissey MJ (2001) Screening mammography with computer-aided detection: prospective study of 12,860 patients in a community breast center. Radiology 220:781–786PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Morton M, Whaley D, Brandt K, Amrami K (2002) The effects of computer-aided detection (CAD) on a local/regional screening mammography program: prospective evaluation of 12,646 patients . RSNA 2002. Radiology 225:459 Morton M, Whaley D, Brandt K, Amrami K (2002) The effects of computer-aided detection (CAD) on a local/regional screening mammography program: prospective evaluation of 12,646 patients . RSNA 2002. Radiology 225:459
47.
go back to reference Alberdi E, Povykalo A, Strigini L, Ayton P (2004) Effects of incorrect computer-aided detection (CAD) output on human decision-making in mammography. Acad Radiol 11:909–918CrossRefPubMed Alberdi E, Povykalo A, Strigini L, Ayton P (2004) Effects of incorrect computer-aided detection (CAD) output on human decision-making in mammography. Acad Radiol 11:909–918CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Yankaskas BC, Cleveland RJ, Schell MJ, Kozar R (2001) Association of recall rates with sensitivity and positive predictive values of screening mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 177:543–549PubMed Yankaskas BC, Cleveland RJ, Schell MJ, Kozar R (2001) Association of recall rates with sensitivity and positive predictive values of screening mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 177:543–549PubMed
49.
go back to reference Haiaert D, Henderson J (1991) A comparison of interpretation of screening mammograms by a radiographer, a doctor and a radiologist: results and implications. Br J Clin Practise 45:43–45 Haiaert D, Henderson J (1991) A comparison of interpretation of screening mammograms by a radiographer, a doctor and a radiologist: results and implications. Br J Clin Practise 45:43–45
50.
go back to reference Pauli R, Hammond S, Ansell J (1996) Comparison of radiographer/radiologist double film reading with single reading in breast cancer screening. J Med Screen 3:18–22PubMed Pauli R, Hammond S, Ansell J (1996) Comparison of radiographer/radiologist double film reading with single reading in breast cancer screening. J Med Screen 3:18–22PubMed
51.
go back to reference Balleyguier C, Kinkel K, Fermanian J et al (2005) Computer-aided detection (CAD) in mammography: does it help the junior of the senior radiologist? Eur J Radiol 54:90–96CrossRefPubMed Balleyguier C, Kinkel K, Fermanian J et al (2005) Computer-aided detection (CAD) in mammography: does it help the junior of the senior radiologist? Eur J Radiol 54:90–96CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Blanks RG, Wallis MG, Given-Wilson RM (1999) Observer variability in cancer detection during routine repeat (incident) mammographic screening in a study of two versus one view mammography. J Med Screen 6:152–158PubMed Blanks RG, Wallis MG, Given-Wilson RM (1999) Observer variability in cancer detection during routine repeat (incident) mammographic screening in a study of two versus one view mammography. J Med Screen 6:152–158PubMed
53.
go back to reference Malich A, Freesmeyer MG, Petrovitch A et al (2004) Clinical impact of an improved mammographic computer-aided detection (CAD) system in the detection of breast masses. ECR 2004. Eur Radiol 14(S2):328 Malich A, Freesmeyer MG, Petrovitch A et al (2004) Clinical impact of an improved mammographic computer-aided detection (CAD) system in the detection of breast masses. ECR 2004. Eur Radiol 14(S2):328
54.
go back to reference Ehrenstein T, Kenzel PP, Hadijuana J et al (2000) Computer assisted diagnosis in mammography: evaluation of an expert system. Eur Radiol 10(S1):117 Ehrenstein T, Kenzel PP, Hadijuana J et al (2000) Computer assisted diagnosis in mammography: evaluation of an expert system. Eur Radiol 10(S1):117
55.
go back to reference Gavrielides MA, Lo JY, Vargas-Voracek R, Floyd CE Jr (2000) Segmentation of suspicious clustered microcalcifications in mammograms. Med Phys 27:13–22CrossRefPubMed Gavrielides MA, Lo JY, Vargas-Voracek R, Floyd CE Jr (2000) Segmentation of suspicious clustered microcalcifications in mammograms. Med Phys 27:13–22CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Malich A, Vogel D, Facius M et al (2003) Evaluation einer möglichen erweiterten Anwendungsoption eines CAD-Systems als primäres Diagnostikum zum Ausschluß maligner Mikrokalzifikationen. Roefo Fortsch Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 175:1225–1231CrossRef Malich A, Vogel D, Facius M et al (2003) Evaluation einer möglichen erweiterten Anwendungsoption eines CAD-Systems als primäres Diagnostikum zum Ausschluß maligner Mikrokalzifikationen. Roefo Fortsch Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 175:1225–1231CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Pamilo MS, Raulisto L, Dean PB (2003) An evaluation of computer-assisted detection (CAD) performance on screen-detected breast cancers. RSNA 2003. Radiology 229–690 Pamilo MS, Raulisto L, Dean PB (2003) An evaluation of computer-assisted detection (CAD) performance on screen-detected breast cancers. RSNA 2003. Radiology 229–690
58.
go back to reference Zheng Y, Zhang L, Clark RA (2001) False-positive reduction in CAD mass detection using a competitive classification strategy. Med Phys 28:250–258CrossRefPubMed Zheng Y, Zhang L, Clark RA (2001) False-positive reduction in CAD mass detection using a competitive classification strategy. Med Phys 28:250–258CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Young W, Destounis S, Bonaccio E, Zuley M (2002) Computer-aided detection in screening mammography: can it replace the second reader in an independent double read? Preliminary results of a prospective double blinded study. RSNA 2002. Radiology 225:600 Young W, Destounis S, Bonaccio E, Zuley M (2002) Computer-aided detection in screening mammography: can it replace the second reader in an independent double read? Preliminary results of a prospective double blinded study. RSNA 2002. Radiology 225:600
60.
go back to reference Destounis SV, Di Nitto P, Logan-Young W, Bonaccio E, Zuley ML, Willison KM (2004) Can computer aided detection with double reading of screening mammograms help decrease the false negative rate? Initial experience. Radiology 232:578–584PubMedCrossRef Destounis SV, Di Nitto P, Logan-Young W, Bonaccio E, Zuley ML, Willison KM (2004) Can computer aided detection with double reading of screening mammograms help decrease the false negative rate? Initial experience. Radiology 232:578–584PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Ciatto S, Rosselli Del Turco M, Burke P, Visioli C, Paci E, Zappa M (2003) Comparison of standard and double reading and computer-aided detection (CAD) of interval cancers at prior negative screening mammograms: blind review. Br J Cancer 89:1645–1649CrossRefPubMed Ciatto S, Rosselli Del Turco M, Burke P, Visioli C, Paci E, Zappa M (2003) Comparison of standard and double reading and computer-aided detection (CAD) of interval cancers at prior negative screening mammograms: blind review. Br J Cancer 89:1645–1649CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Nelson MT, Lechner MCL (2002) Comparison of three commercially available FDA approved computer aided detection (CAD) systems. RSNA 2002. Radiology 225:600 Nelson MT, Lechner MCL (2002) Comparison of three commercially available FDA approved computer aided detection (CAD) systems. RSNA 2002. Radiology 225:600
63.
go back to reference Oda T, Kubo M, Kawata Y, Niki N, Nakimura R, Morijama N (2002) A computer-aided diagnosis system for lung cancer. Radiology 255(S):750 Oda T, Kubo M, Kawata Y, Niki N, Nakimura R, Morijama N (2002) A computer-aided diagnosis system for lung cancer. Radiology 255(S):750
64.
go back to reference Goodman DN, Boutross-Tadross O, Jong RA (1995) Mammographic features of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast with pathological correlation. Can Assoc Radiol J 46:296–301PubMed Goodman DN, Boutross-Tadross O, Jong RA (1995) Mammographic features of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast with pathological correlation. Can Assoc Radiol J 46:296–301PubMed
65.
go back to reference Sheppard DG, Whitman GJ, Huynh PT, Sahin AA, Fornage BD, Stelling CB (2000) Tubular carcinoma of the breast: mammographic and sonographic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 174:253–257PubMed Sheppard DG, Whitman GJ, Huynh PT, Sahin AA, Fornage BD, Stelling CB (2000) Tubular carcinoma of the breast: mammographic and sonographic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 174:253–257PubMed
66.
go back to reference Tabar L, Dean PB (2002) Lehratlas der Mammographie, 2. Aufl. Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York Tabar L, Dean PB (2002) Lehratlas der Mammographie, 2. Aufl. Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York
67.
go back to reference Malich A, Sauner D, Marx C et al (2003) Influence of size and histology on tumour detection rate of a computer-aided detection (CAD)-system. Radiology 228:851–856PubMedCrossRef Malich A, Sauner D, Marx C et al (2003) Influence of size and histology on tumour detection rate of a computer-aided detection (CAD)-system. Radiology 228:851–856PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Brem RF, Schoonjans JM, Goodman SN, Nolten A, Askin FB, Gatewood OM (2001) Nonpalpable breast cancer: percutaneous diagnosis with 11- and 8-gauge stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy devices. Radiology 219:793–796PubMed Brem RF, Schoonjans JM, Goodman SN, Nolten A, Askin FB, Gatewood OM (2001) Nonpalpable breast cancer: percutaneous diagnosis with 11- and 8-gauge stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy devices. Radiology 219:793–796PubMed
69.
go back to reference Malich A, Fischer D, Hansch A, Marx C, Freesmeyer MG, Kaiser WA (2005) Influence of mammographical density (according to ACR-criteria) on tumour detection using computer-assisted detection (CAD-) systems. J Digit Imaging 16: Epub ahead of print (PMID:15827823) Malich A, Fischer D, Hansch A, Marx C, Freesmeyer MG, Kaiser WA (2005) Influence of mammographical density (according to ACR-criteria) on tumour detection using computer-assisted detection (CAD-) systems. J Digit Imaging 16: Epub ahead of print (PMID:15827823)
70.
go back to reference Ho WT, Lam PW (2003) Clinical performance of computer-aided detection in digital mammography. Clin Radiol 58:133–136CrossRefPubMed Ho WT, Lam PW (2003) Clinical performance of computer-aided detection in digital mammography. Clin Radiol 58:133–136CrossRefPubMed
71.
go back to reference Brem RF, Hoffmeister JW, Rapelyea JA et al (2005) Impact of breast density on computer-aided detection for breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:439–444PubMed Brem RF, Hoffmeister JW, Rapelyea JA et al (2005) Impact of breast density on computer-aided detection for breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:439–444PubMed
73.
go back to reference iCAD device labelling, 2003 (Food and Drug Administration device) iCAD device labelling, 2003 (Food and Drug Administration device)
74.
go back to reference Malich A, Azhari T, Boehm T, Fleck M, Kaiser W (2000) Reproducibility: an important factor determining the quality of computer aided detection (CAD) systems. Eur J Radiol 36:170–174CrossRefPubMed Malich A, Azhari T, Boehm T, Fleck M, Kaiser W (2000) Reproducibility: an important factor determining the quality of computer aided detection (CAD) systems. Eur J Radiol 36:170–174CrossRefPubMed
75.
go back to reference Baker JA, Lo JY, Delong DM, Floyd CE (2004) Computer-aided detection in screening mammography: variability in cues. Radiology 233:411–417PubMedCrossRef Baker JA, Lo JY, Delong DM, Floyd CE (2004) Computer-aided detection in screening mammography: variability in cues. Radiology 233:411–417PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Zheng B, Hardesty L, Poller W, Sumkin J, Golla S (2003) Mammography with computer-aided detection: reproducibility assessment-initial experience. Radiology 228:58–62PubMedCrossRef Zheng B, Hardesty L, Poller W, Sumkin J, Golla S (2003) Mammography with computer-aided detection: reproducibility assessment-initial experience. Radiology 228:58–62PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Zheng B, Gur D, Good WF, Hardesty LA (2004) A method to test the reproducibility and to improve performance of computer-aided detection schemes for digitised mammograms. Med Phys 31:2964–2972CrossRefPubMed Zheng B, Gur D, Good WF, Hardesty LA (2004) A method to test the reproducibility and to improve performance of computer-aided detection schemes for digitised mammograms. Med Phys 31:2964–2972CrossRefPubMed
78.
go back to reference Baker JA, Rosen EL, Lo JY, Gimenez EI, Walsh R, Soo MS (2003) Computer-aided detection (CAD) in screening mammography: sensitivity of commercial CAD systems for detecting architectural distortion. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181:1083–1088PubMed Baker JA, Rosen EL, Lo JY, Gimenez EI, Walsh R, Soo MS (2003) Computer-aided detection (CAD) in screening mammography: sensitivity of commercial CAD systems for detecting architectural distortion. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181:1083–1088PubMed
79.
go back to reference Chen W, Giger ML, Newstead GM, Bick U (2004) Computerized analysis of contrast-enhanced MR images of the breast: automated bias field correction and identification of characteristic signal-time curves. RSNA 2004. Radiology 233(S):448 Chen W, Giger ML, Newstead GM, Bick U (2004) Computerized analysis of contrast-enhanced MR images of the breast: automated bias field correction and identification of characteristic signal-time curves. RSNA 2004. Radiology 233(S):448
80.
go back to reference Wismueller A, Leinsinger G, Meyer-Baese A, Wiegard R, Lange O, Reiser M (2004) Computer-aided diagnosis in dynamic breast MRI: can machine learning by neural networks improve the diagnostic accuracy in suspicious lesions? RSNA 2004. Radiology 233 (S):449 Wismueller A, Leinsinger G, Meyer-Baese A, Wiegard R, Lange O, Reiser M (2004) Computer-aided diagnosis in dynamic breast MRI: can machine learning by neural networks improve the diagnostic accuracy in suspicious lesions? RSNA 2004. Radiology 233 (S):449
81.
go back to reference Drukker K, Giger ML (2004) Robustness of a computerized lesion detection and classifiction scheme for breast ultrasound across acquisition platforms. RSNA 2004. Radiology 233 (S):447 Drukker K, Giger ML (2004) Robustness of a computerized lesion detection and classifiction scheme for breast ultrasound across acquisition platforms. RSNA 2004. Radiology 233 (S):447
82.
go back to reference Helvie MA, Kapur A, Rondot P, Roubidoux MA, Goodsitt MM (2004) Combined digital mammography/automated 3D whole breast ultrasound system for breast imaging: patient acceptance of prototype scanning system. RSNA 2004. Radiology 233(S):654 Helvie MA, Kapur A, Rondot P, Roubidoux MA, Goodsitt MM (2004) Combined digital mammography/automated 3D whole breast ultrasound system for breast imaging: patient acceptance of prototype scanning system. RSNA 2004. Radiology 233(S):654
83.
go back to reference Pietka E, Pospiech-Kurkowa P, Gertych A, Cao F, Huang HK (2002) Computer-assisted bone age assessment: image analysis and fuzzy clarification. Radiology 225(S):751 Pietka E, Pospiech-Kurkowa P, Gertych A, Cao F, Huang HK (2002) Computer-assisted bone age assessment: image analysis and fuzzy clarification. Radiology 225(S):751
84.
go back to reference Malich A, Freesmeyer MG, Mentzel HJ et al (2003) Normative values of bone parameters of children and adolescents using digital computer-assisted radiogrammetry (DXR). J Clin Densitom 6:103–112CrossRefPubMed Malich A, Freesmeyer MG, Mentzel HJ et al (2003) Normative values of bone parameters of children and adolescents using digital computer-assisted radiogrammetry (DXR). J Clin Densitom 6:103–112CrossRefPubMed
85.
go back to reference Malich A, Boettcher J, Pfeil A et al (2004) Impact of technical conditions of X-ray imaging on reproducibility and precision of digital computer-assisted X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR). Skeletal Radiol 33:698–703CrossRefPubMed Malich A, Boettcher J, Pfeil A et al (2004) Impact of technical conditions of X-ray imaging on reproducibility and precision of digital computer-assisted X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR). Skeletal Radiol 33:698–703CrossRefPubMed
86.
go back to reference Boettcher J, Malich A, Pfeil A et al (2004) Digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) as a new method for measurement of bone mineral density in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Radiol 14:631–637CrossRefPubMed Boettcher J, Malich A, Pfeil A et al (2004) Digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) as a new method for measurement of bone mineral density in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Radiol 14:631–637CrossRefPubMed
87.
go back to reference Jorgensen JT, Andersen PB, Rosholm A, Bjarnason NH (2000) Digital X-ray radiogrammetry: a new appendicular bone densitometric method with high precision. Clin Physiol 20:330–335CrossRefPubMed Jorgensen JT, Andersen PB, Rosholm A, Bjarnason NH (2000) Digital X-ray radiogrammetry: a new appendicular bone densitometric method with high precision. Clin Physiol 20:330–335CrossRefPubMed
88.
go back to reference Bouxsein ML, Palermo L, Yeung C, Black DM (2002) Digital X-ray radiogrammetry predicts hip, wrist and vertebral fracture in elderly women: a prospective analysis from the study of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 13:358–365CrossRefPubMed Bouxsein ML, Palermo L, Yeung C, Black DM (2002) Digital X-ray radiogrammetry predicts hip, wrist and vertebral fracture in elderly women: a prospective analysis from the study of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 13:358–365CrossRefPubMed
89.
go back to reference Hyldstrup L, Jorgensen JT, Sorensen TK, Baeksgaard L (2001) Response of cortical bone to antiresorptive treatment. Calcif Tissue Int 68:135–139CrossRefPubMed Hyldstrup L, Jorgensen JT, Sorensen TK, Baeksgaard L (2001) Response of cortical bone to antiresorptive treatment. Calcif Tissue Int 68:135–139CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
CAD for mammography: the technique, results, current role and further developments
Authors
Ansgar Malich
Dorothee R. Fischer
Joachim Böttcher
Publication date
01-07-2006
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
European Radiology / Issue 7/2006
Print ISSN: 0938-7994
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1084
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-0089-x

Other articles of this Issue 7/2006

European Radiology 7/2006 Go to the issue