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01-05-2021 | Antiphospholipid Syndrome | Cases with a Message

Sneddon syndrome: under diagnosed disease, complex clinical manifestations and challenging diagnosis. A case-based review

Authors: Steve S. Kong, Azin Azarfar, Neha Bhanusali

Published in: Rheumatology International | Issue 5/2021

Abstract

Herein, we report a case-based review of the Sneddon Syndrome (SS), a rare chronic condition which affects small to medium blood vessels. It is known by its skin presentation, livedo racemosa (LRC), and the relapsing cerebrovascular events. However, neither LRC nor cerebrovascular events are exclusive to SS. A 36-year-old female with history of mitral valve prolapse, hypothyroidism, Raynaud phenomenon, hypertension, migraines, and four episodes of transient ischemic attacks (TIA), presented to our clinic with new skin findings, suggestive of LRC. Based on her previous history, current presentation and skin biopsy results, she was diagnosed with SS secondary to antiphospholipid syndrome. The present report illustrates the difficulty in recognizing SS and how the heterogeneity of the disease may be contributing to the difficulty making a distinct diagnosis.

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Title: Sneddon syndrome: under diagnosed disease, complex clinical manifestations and challenging diagnosis. A case-based review
Authors: Steve S. Kong
Azin Azarfar
Neha Bhanusali
Publication date: 01-05-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Published in: Rheumatology International / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0172-8172
Electronic ISSN: 1437-160X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04625-1

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