The mucosal immune system and IgA nephropathy

go back to reference Gharavi AG, Yan Y, Scolari F, Schena FP, Frasca GM, Ghiggeri GM, Cooper K, Amoroso A, Viola BF, Battini G, Caridi G, Canova C, Farhi A, Subramanian V, Nelson-Williams C, Woodford S, Julian BA, Wyatt RJ, Lifton RP (2000) IgA nephropathy, the most common cause of glomerulonephritis, is linked to 6q22-23. Nat Genet 26(3):354–357PubMedCrossRef Gharavi AG, Yan Y, Scolari F, Schena FP, Frasca GM, Ghiggeri GM, Cooper K, Amoroso A, Viola BF, Battini G, Caridi G, Canova C, Farhi A, Subramanian V, Nelson-Williams C, Woodford S, Julian BA, Wyatt RJ, Lifton RP (2000) IgA nephropathy, the most common cause of glomerulonephritis, is linked to 6q22-23. Nat Genet 26(3):354–357PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Berger J (1969) IgA glomerular deposits in renal disease. Transplant Proc 1(4):939–944PubMed Berger J (1969) IgA glomerular deposits in renal disease. Transplant Proc 1(4):939–944PubMed

go back to reference Miura M, Tomino Y, Endoh M, Suga T, Kaneshige H, Nomoto Y, Sakai H (1982) A case of IgA nephropathy associated with marked hematuria after upper respiratory tract infections. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 7(5):583–587PubMed Miura M, Tomino Y, Endoh M, Suga T, Kaneshige H, Nomoto Y, Sakai H (1982) A case of IgA nephropathy associated with marked hematuria after upper respiratory tract infections. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 7(5):583–587PubMed

go back to reference Seikrit C, Rauen T, Floege J (2019) Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Internist (Berl) 60(5):432–439CrossRef Seikrit C, Rauen T, Floege J (2019) Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Internist (Berl) 60(5):432–439CrossRef

go back to reference Monteiro RC (2018) Recent advances in the physiopathology of IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Ther 14(Suppl 1):S1–S8PubMedCrossRef Monteiro RC (2018) Recent advances in the physiopathology of IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Ther 14(Suppl 1):S1–S8PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Placzek WJ, Yanagawa H, Makita Y, Renfrow MB, Julian BA, Rizk DV, Suzuki Y, Novak J, Suzuki H (2018) Serum galactose-deficient-IgA1 and IgG autoantibodies correlate in patients with IgA nephropathy. PLoS One 13(1):e0190967PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Placzek WJ, Yanagawa H, Makita Y, Renfrow MB, Julian BA, Rizk DV, Suzuki Y, Novak J, Suzuki H (2018) Serum galactose-deficient-IgA1 and IgG autoantibodies correlate in patients with IgA nephropathy. PLoS One 13(1):e0190967PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Suzuki H, Kiryluk K, Novak J, Moldoveanu Z, Herr AB, Renfrow MB, Wyatt RJ, Scolari F, Mestecky J, Gharavi AG, Julian BA (2011) The pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 22(10):1795–1803PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Suzuki H, Kiryluk K, Novak J, Moldoveanu Z, Herr AB, Renfrow MB, Wyatt RJ, Scolari F, Mestecky J, Gharavi AG, Julian BA (2011) The pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 22(10):1795–1803PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Suzuki H (2019) Biomarkers for IgA nephropathy on the basis of multi-hit pathogenesis. Clin Exp Nephrol 23(1):26–31PubMedCrossRef Suzuki H (2019) Biomarkers for IgA nephropathy on the basis of multi-hit pathogenesis. Clin Exp Nephrol 23(1):26–31PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Yan Y, Xu LX, Zhang JJ, Zhang Y, Zhao MH (2006) Self-aggregated deglycosylated IgA1 with or without IgG were associated with the development of IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol 144(1):17–24PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yan Y, Xu LX, Zhang JJ, Zhang Y, Zhao MH (2006) Self-aggregated deglycosylated IgA1 with or without IgG were associated with the development of IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol 144(1):17–24PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R (2015) The intestine-renal connection in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30(3):360–366PubMedCrossRef Coppo R (2015) The intestine-renal connection in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30(3):360–366PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R (2017) C4d deposits in IgA nephropathy: where does complement activation come from? Pediatr Nephrol 32(7):1097–1101PubMedCrossRef Coppo R (2017) C4d deposits in IgA nephropathy: where does complement activation come from? Pediatr Nephrol 32(7):1097–1101PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Maillard N, Wyatt RJ, Julian BA, Kiryluk K, Gharavi A, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Novak J (2015) Current understanding of the role of complement in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 26(7):1503–1512PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Maillard N, Wyatt RJ, Julian BA, Kiryluk K, Gharavi A, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Novak J (2015) Current understanding of the role of complement in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 26(7):1503–1512PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Bienenstock, KCAJ (1994) Characteristics and functions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Handbook of mucosal immunology 141-149 Bienenstock, KCAJ (1994) Characteristics and functions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Handbook of mucosal immunology 141-149

go back to reference Gormley PD, Powell-Richards AOR, Azuara-Blanco A, Donoso LA, Dua HS (1998) Lymphocyte subsets in conjunctival mucosa-associated-lymphoid-tissue after exposure to retinal-S-antigen. Int Ophthalmol 22(2):77–80PubMedCrossRef Gormley PD, Powell-Richards AOR, Azuara-Blanco A, Donoso LA, Dua HS (1998) Lymphocyte subsets in conjunctival mucosa-associated-lymphoid-tissue after exposure to retinal-S-antigen. Int Ophthalmol 22(2):77–80PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Kiyono H, Fukuyama S (2004) NALT- versus Peyer’s-patch-mediated mucosal immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 4(9):699–710PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kiyono H, Fukuyama S (2004) NALT- versus Peyer’s-patch-mediated mucosal immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 4(9):699–710PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Randall TD, Mebius RE (2014) The development and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues: a balancing act with micro-organisms. Mucosal Immunol 7(3):455–466PubMedCrossRef Randall TD, Mebius RE (2014) The development and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues: a balancing act with micro-organisms. Mucosal Immunol 7(3):455–466PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Kimura S (2018) Molecular insights into the mechanisms of M-cell differentiation and transcytosis in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. Anat Sci Int 93(1):23–34PubMedCrossRef Kimura S (2018) Molecular insights into the mechanisms of M-cell differentiation and transcytosis in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. Anat Sci Int 93(1):23–34PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Cesta MF (2006) Normal structure, function, and histology of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Toxicol Pathol 34(5):599–608PubMedCrossRef Cesta MF (2006) Normal structure, function, and histology of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Toxicol Pathol 34(5):599–608PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Harabuchi Y, Takahara M (2019) Recent advances in the immunological understanding of association between tonsil and immunoglobulin A nephropathy as a tonsil-induced autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome. Immun Inflamm Dis 7(2):86–93PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Harabuchi Y, Takahara M (2019) Recent advances in the immunological understanding of association between tonsil and immunoglobulin A nephropathy as a tonsil-induced autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome. Immun Inflamm Dis 7(2):86–93PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Fagarasan S, Kawamoto S, Kanagawa O, Suzuki K (2010) Adaptive immune regulation in the gut: T cell-dependent and T cell-independent IgA synthesis. Annu Rev Immunol 28:243–273PubMedCrossRef Fagarasan S, Kawamoto S, Kanagawa O, Suzuki K (2010) Adaptive immune regulation in the gut: T cell-dependent and T cell-independent IgA synthesis. Annu Rev Immunol 28:243–273PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Xin G, Shi W, Xu LX, Su Y, Yan LJ, Li KS (2013) Serum BAFF is elevated in patients with IgA nephropathy and associated with clinical and histopathological features. J Nephrol 26(4):683–690PubMedCrossRef Xin G, Shi W, Xu LX, Su Y, Yan LJ, Li KS (2013) Serum BAFF is elevated in patients with IgA nephropathy and associated with clinical and histopathological features. J Nephrol 26(4):683–690PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Gutzeit C, Magri G, Cerutti A (2014) Intestinal IgA production and its role in host-microbe interaction. Immunol Rev 260(1):76–85PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Gutzeit C, Magri G, Cerutti A (2014) Intestinal IgA production and its role in host-microbe interaction. Immunol Rev 260(1):76–85PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Rollino C, Vischini G, Coppo R (2016) IgA nephropathy and infections. J Nephrol 29(4):463–468PubMedCrossRef Rollino C, Vischini G, Coppo R (2016) IgA nephropathy and infections. J Nephrol 29(4):463–468PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Knoppova B et al (2016) The origin and activities of IgA1-containing immune complexes in IgA nephropathy. Front Immunol 7:117PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Knoppova B et al (2016) The origin and activities of IgA1-containing immune complexes in IgA nephropathy. Front Immunol 7:117PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R (2018) Treatment of IgA nephropathy: recent advances and prospects. Nephrol Ther 14(Suppl 1):S13–S21PubMedCrossRef Coppo R (2018) Treatment of IgA nephropathy: recent advances and prospects. Nephrol Ther 14(Suppl 1):S13–S21PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Yu HH, Chu KH, Yang YH, Lee JH, Wang LC, Lin YT, Chiang BL (2011) Genetics and immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 41(2):198–213PubMedCrossRef Yu HH, Chu KH, Yang YH, Lee JH, Wang LC, Lin YT, Chiang BL (2011) Genetics and immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 41(2):198–213PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Yuste C, Gutierrez E, Sevillano AM, Rubio-Navarro A, Amaro-Villalobos JM, Ortiz A, Egido J, Praga M, Moreno JA (2015) Pathogenesis of glomerular haematuria. World J Nephrol 4(2):185–195PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yuste C, Gutierrez E, Sevillano AM, Rubio-Navarro A, Amaro-Villalobos JM, Ortiz A, Egido J, Praga M, Moreno JA (2015) Pathogenesis of glomerular haematuria. World J Nephrol 4(2):185–195PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Feehally J, Beattie TJ, Brenchley PEC, Coupes BM, Mallick NP, Postlethwaite RJ (1986) Sequential study of the IgA system in relapsing IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 30(6):924–931PubMedCrossRef Feehally J, Beattie TJ, Brenchley PEC, Coupes BM, Mallick NP, Postlethwaite RJ (1986) Sequential study of the IgA system in relapsing IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 30(6):924–931PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Tomino Y, Sakai H, Endoh M, Suga T, Miura M, Kaneshige H, Nomoto Y (1983) Cross-reactivity of IgA antibodies between renal mesangial areas and nuclei of tonsillar cells in patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol 51(3):605–610PubMedPubMedCentral Tomino Y, Sakai H, Endoh M, Suga T, Miura M, Kaneshige H, Nomoto Y (1983) Cross-reactivity of IgA antibodies between renal mesangial areas and nuclei of tonsillar cells in patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol 51(3):605–610PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Bene MC et al (1993) Tonsils in IgA nephropathy. Contrib Nephrol 104:153–161PubMedCrossRef Bene MC et al (1993) Tonsils in IgA nephropathy. Contrib Nephrol 104:153–161PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R, Amore A, Peruzzi L, Vergano L, Camilla R (2010) Innate immunity and IgA nephropathy. J Nephrol 23(6):626–632PubMed Coppo R, Amore A, Peruzzi L, Vergano L, Camilla R (2010) Innate immunity and IgA nephropathy. J Nephrol 23(6):626–632PubMed

go back to reference Amore A, Coppo R, Nedrud JG, Sigmund N, Lamm ME, Emancipator SN (2004) The role of nasal tolerance in a model of IgA nephropathy induced in mice by Sendai virus. Clin Immunol 113(1):101–108PubMedCrossRef Amore A, Coppo R, Nedrud JG, Sigmund N, Lamm ME, Emancipator SN (2004) The role of nasal tolerance in a model of IgA nephropathy induced in mice by Sendai virus. Clin Immunol 113(1):101–108PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Gesualdo L, Lamm ME, Emancipator SN (1990) Defective oral tolerance promotes nephritogenesis in experimental IgA nephropathy induced by oral immunization. J Immunol 145(11):3684–3691PubMedCrossRef Gesualdo L, Lamm ME, Emancipator SN (1990) Defective oral tolerance promotes nephritogenesis in experimental IgA nephropathy induced by oral immunization. J Immunol 145(11):3684–3691PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Ogura Y, Suzuki S, Shirakawa T, Masuda M, Nakamura H, Iijima K, Yoshikawa N (2000) Haemophilus parainfluenzae antigen and antibody in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 36(1):47–52PubMedCrossRef Ogura Y, Suzuki S, Shirakawa T, Masuda M, Nakamura H, Iijima K, Yoshikawa N (2000) Haemophilus parainfluenzae antigen and antibody in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 36(1):47–52PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Watanabe H et al (2017) Comprehensive microbiome analysis of tonsillar crypts in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32(12):2072–2079PubMed Watanabe H et al (2017) Comprehensive microbiome analysis of tonsillar crypts in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32(12):2072–2079PubMed

go back to reference Park JI, Kim TY, Oh B, Cho H, Kim JE, Yoo SH, Lee JP, Kim YS, Chun J, Kim BS, Lee H (2020) Comparative analysis of the tonsillar microbiota in IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases. Sci Rep 10(1):16206PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Park JI, Kim TY, Oh B, Cho H, Kim JE, Yoo SH, Lee JP, Kim YS, Chun J, Kim BS, Lee H (2020) Comparative analysis of the tonsillar microbiota in IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases. Sci Rep 10(1):16206PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Muto M, Manfroi B, Suzuki H, Joh K, Nagai M, Wakai S, Righini C, Maiguma M, Izui S, Tomino Y, Huard B, Suzuki Y (2017) Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation induces aberrant expression of a proliferation-inducing ligand by tonsillar germinal center B cells in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 28(4):1227–1238PubMedCrossRef Muto M, Manfroi B, Suzuki H, Joh K, Nagai M, Wakai S, Righini C, Maiguma M, Izui S, Tomino Y, Huard B, Suzuki Y (2017) Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation induces aberrant expression of a proliferation-inducing ligand by tonsillar germinal center B cells in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 28(4):1227–1238PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Vergano L, Loiacono E, Albera R, Coppo R, Camilla R, Peruzzi L, Amore A, Donadio ME, Chiale F, Boido A, Mariano F, Mazzucco G, Ravera S, Cancarini G, Magistroni R, Beltrame G, Rollino C, Stratta P, Quaglia M, Bergia R, Cravero R, Cusinato S, Benozzi L, Savoldi S, Licata C (2015) Can tonsillectomy modify the innate and adaptive immunity pathways involved in IgA nephropathy? J Nephrol 28(1):51–58PubMedCrossRef Vergano L, Loiacono E, Albera R, Coppo R, Camilla R, Peruzzi L, Amore A, Donadio ME, Chiale F, Boido A, Mariano F, Mazzucco G, Ravera S, Cancarini G, Magistroni R, Beltrame G, Rollino C, Stratta P, Quaglia M, Bergia R, Cravero R, Cusinato S, Benozzi L, Savoldi S, Licata C (2015) Can tonsillectomy modify the innate and adaptive immunity pathways involved in IgA nephropathy? J Nephrol 28(1):51–58PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Zachova K, Kosztyu P, Zadrazil J, Matousovic K, Vondrak K, Hubacek P, Julian BA, Moldoveanu Z, Novak Z, Kostovcikova K, Raska M, Mestecky J (2020) Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in pathogenesis and racial distribution of IgA nephropathy. Front Immunol 11:267PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zachova K, Kosztyu P, Zadrazil J, Matousovic K, Vondrak K, Hubacek P, Julian BA, Moldoveanu Z, Novak Z, Kostovcikova K, Raska M, Mestecky J (2020) Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in pathogenesis and racial distribution of IgA nephropathy. Front Immunol 11:267PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Feenstra B, Bager P, Liu X, Hjalgrim H, Nohr EA, Hougaard DM, Geller F, Melbye M (2017) Genome-wide association study identifies variants in HORMAD2 associated with tonsillectomy. J Med Genet 54(5):358–364PubMedCrossRef Feenstra B, Bager P, Liu X, Hjalgrim H, Nohr EA, Hougaard DM, Geller F, Melbye M (2017) Genome-wide association study identifies variants in HORMAD2 associated with tonsillectomy. J Med Genet 54(5):358–364PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference D'Amelio R et al (1982) Serum and salivary IgA levels in normal subjects: comparison between tonsillectomized and non-tonsillectomized subjects. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 68(3):256–259PubMedCrossRef D'Amelio R et al (1982) Serum and salivary IgA levels in normal subjects: comparison between tonsillectomized and non-tonsillectomized subjects. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 68(3):256–259PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Xie Y, Nishi S, Ueno M, Imai N, Sakatsume M, Narita I, Suzuki Y, Akazawa K, Shimada H, Arakawa M, Gejyo F (2003) The efficacy of tonsillectomy on long-term renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 63(5):1861–1867PubMedCrossRef Xie Y, Nishi S, Ueno M, Imai N, Sakatsume M, Narita I, Suzuki Y, Akazawa K, Shimada H, Arakawa M, Gejyo F (2003) The efficacy of tonsillectomy on long-term renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 63(5):1861–1867PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Zand L, Fervenza FC (2014) Does tonsillectomy have a role in the treatment of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy? Nephrol Dial Transplant 29(8):1456–1459PubMedCrossRef Zand L, Fervenza FC (2014) Does tonsillectomy have a role in the treatment of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy? Nephrol Dial Transplant 29(8):1456–1459PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R, Troyanov S, Bellur S, Cattran D, Cook HT, Feehally J, Roberts ISD, Morando L, Camilla R, Tesar V, Lunberg S, Gesualdo L, Emma F, Rollino C, Amore A, Praga M, Feriozzi S, Segoloni G, Pani A, Cancarini G, Durlik M, Moggia E, Mazzucco G, Giannakakis C, Honsova E, Sundelin BB, di Palma AM, Ferrario F, Gutierrez E, Asunis AM, Barratt J, Tardanico R, Perkowska-Ptasinska A, on behalf of the VALIGA study of the ERA-EDTA Immunonephrology Working Group (2014) Validation of the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy in cohorts with different presentations and treatments. Kidney Int 86(4):828–836PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Coppo R, Troyanov S, Bellur S, Cattran D, Cook HT, Feehally J, Roberts ISD, Morando L, Camilla R, Tesar V, Lunberg S, Gesualdo L, Emma F, Rollino C, Amore A, Praga M, Feriozzi S, Segoloni G, Pani A, Cancarini G, Durlik M, Moggia E, Mazzucco G, Giannakakis C, Honsova E, Sundelin BB, di Palma AM, Ferrario F, Gutierrez E, Asunis AM, Barratt J, Tardanico R, Perkowska-Ptasinska A, on behalf of the VALIGA study of the ERA-EDTA Immunonephrology Working Group (2014) Validation of the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy in cohorts with different presentations and treatments. Kidney Int 86(4):828–836PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Feehally J, Coppo R, Troyanov S, Bellur SS, Cattran D, Cook T, Roberts ISD, Verhave JC, Camilla R, Vergano L, Egido J, Wiecek A, Karkoszka H, Tesar V, Maixnerova D, Ots-Rosenberg M, Quaglia M, Rollino C, Magistroni R, Cusinato S, Cravero R, Peruzzi L, Lundberg S, Gesualdo L, Cancarini G, Feriozzi S, Ferrario F, on behalf of the VALIGA study of the ERA-EDTA Immunonephrology Working Group (2016) Tonsillectomy in a European cohort of 1,147 patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephron 132(1):15–24PubMedCrossRef Feehally J, Coppo R, Troyanov S, Bellur SS, Cattran D, Cook T, Roberts ISD, Verhave JC, Camilla R, Vergano L, Egido J, Wiecek A, Karkoszka H, Tesar V, Maixnerova D, Ots-Rosenberg M, Quaglia M, Rollino C, Magistroni R, Cusinato S, Cravero R, Peruzzi L, Lundberg S, Gesualdo L, Cancarini G, Feriozzi S, Ferrario F, on behalf of the VALIGA study of the ERA-EDTA Immunonephrology Working Group (2016) Tonsillectomy in a European cohort of 1,147 patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephron 132(1):15–24PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Kawamura T, Yoshimura M, Miyazaki Y, Okamoto H, Kimura K, Hirano K, Matsushima M, Utsunomiya Y, Ogura M, Yokoo T, Okonogi H, Ishii T, Hamaguchi A, Ueda H, Furusu A, Horikoshi S, Suzuki Y, Shibata T, Yasuda T, Shirai S, Imasawa T, Kanozawa K, Wada A, Yamaji I, Miura N, Imai H, Kasai K, Soma J, Fujimoto S, Matsuo S, Tomino Y, The Special IgA Nephropathy Study Group (2014) A multicenter randomized controlled trial of tonsillectomy combined with steroid pulse therapy in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 29(8):1546–1553PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kawamura T, Yoshimura M, Miyazaki Y, Okamoto H, Kimura K, Hirano K, Matsushima M, Utsunomiya Y, Ogura M, Yokoo T, Okonogi H, Ishii T, Hamaguchi A, Ueda H, Furusu A, Horikoshi S, Suzuki Y, Shibata T, Yasuda T, Shirai S, Imasawa T, Kanozawa K, Wada A, Yamaji I, Miura N, Imai H, Kasai K, Soma J, Fujimoto S, Matsuo S, Tomino Y, The Special IgA Nephropathy Study Group (2014) A multicenter randomized controlled trial of tonsillectomy combined with steroid pulse therapy in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 29(8):1546–1553PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Hirano K, Matsuzaki K, Yasuda T, Nishikawa M, Yasuda Y, Koike K, Maruyama S, Yokoo T, Matsuo S, Kawamura T, Suzuki Y (2019) Association between tonsillectomy and outcomes in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. JAMA Netw Open 2(5):e194772PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hirano K, Matsuzaki K, Yasuda T, Nishikawa M, Yasuda Y, Koike K, Maruyama S, Yokoo T, Matsuo S, Kawamura T, Suzuki Y (2019) Association between tonsillectomy and outcomes in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. JAMA Netw Open 2(5):e194772PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R (2018) The gut-kidney axis in IgA nephropathy: role of microbiota and diet on genetic predisposition. Pediatr Nephrol 33(1):53–61PubMedCrossRef Coppo R (2018) The gut-kidney axis in IgA nephropathy: role of microbiota and diet on genetic predisposition. Pediatr Nephrol 33(1):53–61PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Kiryluk K, Li Y, Scolari F, Sanna-Cherchi S, Choi M, Verbitsky M, Fasel D, Lata S, Prakash S, Shapiro S, Fischman C, Snyder HJ, Appel G, Izzi C, Viola BF, Dallera N, del Vecchio L, Barlassina C, Salvi E, Bertinetto FE, Amoroso A, Savoldi S, Rocchietti M, Amore A, Peruzzi L, Coppo R, Salvadori M, Ravani P, Magistroni R, Ghiggeri GM, Caridi G, Bodria M, Lugani F, Allegri L, Delsante M, Maiorana M, Magnano A, Frasca G, Boer E, Boscutti G, Ponticelli C, Mignani R, Marcantoni C, di Landro D, Santoro D, Pani A, Polci R, Feriozzi S, Chicca S, Galliani M, Gigante M, Gesualdo L, Zamboli P, Battaglia GG, Garozzo M, Maixnerová D, Tesar V, Eitner F, Rauen T, Floege J, Kovacs T, Nagy J, Mucha K, Pączek L, Zaniew M, Mizerska-Wasiak M, Roszkowska-Blaim M, Pawlaczyk K, Gale D, Barratt J, Thibaudin L, Berthoux F, Canaud G, Boland A, Metzger M, Panzer U, Suzuki H, Goto S, Narita I, Caliskan Y, Xie J, Hou P, Chen N, Zhang H, Wyatt RJ, Novak J, Julian BA, Feehally J, Stengel B, Cusi D, Lifton RP, Gharavi AG (2014) Discovery of new risk loci for IgA nephropathy implicates genes involved in immunity against intestinal pathogens. Nat Genet 46(11):1187–1196PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kiryluk K, Li Y, Scolari F, Sanna-Cherchi S, Choi M, Verbitsky M, Fasel D, Lata S, Prakash S, Shapiro S, Fischman C, Snyder HJ, Appel G, Izzi C, Viola BF, Dallera N, del Vecchio L, Barlassina C, Salvi E, Bertinetto FE, Amoroso A, Savoldi S, Rocchietti M, Amore A, Peruzzi L, Coppo R, Salvadori M, Ravani P, Magistroni R, Ghiggeri GM, Caridi G, Bodria M, Lugani F, Allegri L, Delsante M, Maiorana M, Magnano A, Frasca G, Boer E, Boscutti G, Ponticelli C, Mignani R, Marcantoni C, di Landro D, Santoro D, Pani A, Polci R, Feriozzi S, Chicca S, Galliani M, Gigante M, Gesualdo L, Zamboli P, Battaglia GG, Garozzo M, Maixnerová D, Tesar V, Eitner F, Rauen T, Floege J, Kovacs T, Nagy J, Mucha K, Pączek L, Zaniew M, Mizerska-Wasiak M, Roszkowska-Blaim M, Pawlaczyk K, Gale D, Barratt J, Thibaudin L, Berthoux F, Canaud G, Boland A, Metzger M, Panzer U, Suzuki H, Goto S, Narita I, Caliskan Y, Xie J, Hou P, Chen N, Zhang H, Wyatt RJ, Novak J, Julian BA, Feehally J, Stengel B, Cusi D, Lifton RP, Gharavi AG (2014) Discovery of new risk loci for IgA nephropathy implicates genes involved in immunity against intestinal pathogens. Nat Genet 46(11):1187–1196PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Sallustio F et al (2019) A new vision of IgA nephropathy: the missing link. Int J Mol Sci 21(1) Sallustio F et al (2019) A new vision of IgA nephropathy: the missing link. Int J Mol Sci 21(1)

go back to reference Bunker JJ, Bendelac A (2018) IgA responses to microbiota. Immunity 49(2):211–224PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bunker JJ, Bendelac A (2018) IgA responses to microbiota. Immunity 49(2):211–224PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Floege J, Feehally J (2016) The mucosa-kidney axis in IgA nephropathy. Nat Rev Nephrol 12(3):147–156PubMedCrossRef Floege J, Feehally J (2016) The mucosa-kidney axis in IgA nephropathy. Nat Rev Nephrol 12(3):147–156PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Shreiner AB, Kao JY, Young VB (2015) The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 31(1):69–75PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Shreiner AB, Kao JY, Young VB (2015) The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 31(1):69–75PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Sallustio F et al (2020) High levels of gut-homing immunoglobulin A-positive+B lymphocytes support the pathogenic role of intestinal mucosal hyperresponsiveness in immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant Sallustio F et al (2020) High levels of gut-homing immunoglobulin A-positive+B lymphocytes support the pathogenic role of intestinal mucosal hyperresponsiveness in immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant

go back to reference Yiu JH, Dorweiler B, Woo CW (2017) Interaction between gut microbiota and toll-like receptor: from immunity to metabolism. J Mol Med (Berl) 95(1):13–20CrossRef Yiu JH, Dorweiler B, Woo CW (2017) Interaction between gut microbiota and toll-like receptor: from immunity to metabolism. J Mol Med (Berl) 95(1):13–20CrossRef

go back to reference Mazmanian SK, Liu CH, Tzianabos AO, Kasper DL (2005) An immunomodulatory molecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system. Cell 122(1):107–118PubMedCrossRef Mazmanian SK, Liu CH, Tzianabos AO, Kasper DL (2005) An immunomodulatory molecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system. Cell 122(1):107–118PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Davin JC, Forget P, Mahieu PR (1988) Increased intestinal permeability to (51 Cr) EDTA is correlated with IgA immune complex-plasma levels in children with IgA-associated nephropathies. Acta Paediatr Scand 77(1):118–124PubMedCrossRef Davin JC, Forget P, Mahieu PR (1988) Increased intestinal permeability to (51 Cr) EDTA is correlated with IgA immune complex-plasma levels in children with IgA-associated nephropathies. Acta Paediatr Scand 77(1):118–124PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Rostoker G, Wirquin V, Terzidis H, Petit-Phar M, Chaumette MT, Delchier JC, Belghiti † D, Lang P, Dubert JM, Meignan M, Lagrue G, Weil B (1993) Mucosal immunity in primary glomerulonephritis. III. Study of intestinal permeability. Nephron 63(3):286–290PubMedCrossRef Rostoker G, Wirquin V, Terzidis H, Petit-Phar M, Chaumette MT, Delchier JC, Belghiti † D, Lang P, Dubert JM, Meignan M, Lagrue G, Weil B (1993) Mucosal immunity in primary glomerulonephritis. III. Study of intestinal permeability. Nephron 63(3):286–290PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Qin W, Zhong X, Fan JM, Zhang YJ, Liu XR, Ma XY (2008) External suppression causes the low expression of the Cosmc gene in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23(5):1608–1614PubMedCrossRef Qin W, Zhong X, Fan JM, Zhang YJ, Liu XR, Ma XY (2008) External suppression causes the low expression of the Cosmc gene in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23(5):1608–1614PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Yoon HJ, Shin JH, Yang SH, Chae DW, Kim H, Lee DS, Kim HL, Kim S, Lee JS, Kim YS (2003) Association of the CD14 gene -159C polymorphism with progression of IgA nephropathy. J Med Genet 40(2):104–108PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yoon HJ, Shin JH, Yang SH, Chae DW, Kim H, Lee DS, Kim HL, Kim S, Lee JS, Kim YS (2003) Association of the CD14 gene -159C polymorphism with progression of IgA nephropathy. J Med Genet 40(2):104–108PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R, Camilla R, Amore A, Peruzzi L, Daprà V, Loiacono E, Vatrano S, Rollino C, Sepe V, Rampino T, Dal Canton A (2010) Toll-like receptor 4 expression is increased in circulating mononuclear cells of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol 159(1):73–81PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Coppo R, Camilla R, Amore A, Peruzzi L, Daprà V, Loiacono E, Vatrano S, Rollino C, Sepe V, Rampino T, Dal Canton A (2010) Toll-like receptor 4 expression is increased in circulating mononuclear cells of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol 159(1):73–81PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Donadio ME, Loiacono E, Peruzzi L, Amore A, Camilla R, Chiale F, Vergano L, Boido A, Conrieri M, Bianciotto M, Bosetti FM, Coppo R (2014) Toll-like receptors, immunoproteasome and regulatory T cells in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and primary IgA nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 29(9):1545–1551PubMedCrossRef Donadio ME, Loiacono E, Peruzzi L, Amore A, Camilla R, Chiale F, Vergano L, Boido A, Conrieri M, Bianciotto M, Bosetti FM, Coppo R (2014) Toll-like receptors, immunoproteasome and regulatory T cells in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and primary IgA nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 29(9):1545–1551PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference McCarthy DD, Kujawa J, Wilson C, Papandile A, Poreci U, Porfilio EA, Ward L, Lawson MAE, Macpherson AJ, McCoy KD, Pei Y, Novak L, Lee JY, Julian BA, Novak J, Ranger A, Gommerman JL, Browning JL (2011) Mice overexpressing BAFF develop a commensal flora-dependent. IgA-associated nephropathy J Clin Invest 121(10):3991–4002PubMedCrossRef McCarthy DD, Kujawa J, Wilson C, Papandile A, Poreci U, Porfilio EA, Ward L, Lawson MAE, Macpherson AJ, McCoy KD, Pei Y, Novak L, Lee JY, Julian BA, Novak J, Ranger A, Gommerman JL, Browning JL (2011) Mice overexpressing BAFF develop a commensal flora-dependent. IgA-associated nephropathy J Clin Invest 121(10):3991–4002PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference De Angelis M et al (2014) Microbiota and metabolome associated with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). PLoS One 9(6):e99006PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef De Angelis M et al (2014) Microbiota and metabolome associated with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). PLoS One 9(6):e99006PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Dong R, Bai M, Zhao J, Wang D, Ning X, Sun S (2020) A comparative study of the gut microbiota associated with immunoglobulin a nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10:557368PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dong R, Bai M, Zhao J, Wang D, Ning X, Sun S (2020) A comparative study of the gut microbiota associated with immunoglobulin a nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10:557368PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Nyangale EP, Mottram DS, Gibson GR (2012) Gut microbial activity, implications for health and disease: the potential role of metabolite analysis. J Proteome Res 11(12):5573–5585PubMedCrossRef Nyangale EP, Mottram DS, Gibson GR (2012) Gut microbial activity, implications for health and disease: the potential role of metabolite analysis. J Proteome Res 11(12):5573–5585PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R, Amore A, Roccatello D, Gianoglio B, Molino A, Piccoli G, Clarkson AR, Woodroffe AJ, Sakai H, Tomino Y (1991) IgA antibodies to dietary antigens and lectin-binding IgA in sera from Italian, Australian, and Japanese IgA nephropathy patients. Am J Kidney Dis 17(4):480–487PubMedCrossRef Coppo R, Amore A, Roccatello D, Gianoglio B, Molino A, Piccoli G, Clarkson AR, Woodroffe AJ, Sakai H, Tomino Y (1991) IgA antibodies to dietary antigens and lectin-binding IgA in sera from Italian, Australian, and Japanese IgA nephropathy patients. Am J Kidney Dis 17(4):480–487PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Helin H, Mustonen J, Reunala T, Pasternack A (1983) IgA nephropathy associated with celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 107(6):324–327PubMed Helin H, Mustonen J, Reunala T, Pasternack A (1983) IgA nephropathy associated with celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 107(6):324–327PubMed

go back to reference Abbad L, Monteiro RC, Berthelot L (2020) Food antigens and transglutaminase 2 in IgA nephropathy: molecular links between gut and kidney. Mol Immunol 121:1–6PubMedCrossRef Abbad L, Monteiro RC, Berthelot L (2020) Food antigens and transglutaminase 2 in IgA nephropathy: molecular links between gut and kidney. Mol Immunol 121:1–6PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Collin P, Syrjanen J, Partanen J, Pasternack A, Kaukinen K, Mustonen J (2002) Celiac disease and HLA DQ in patients with IgA nephropathy. Am J Gastroenterol 97(10):2572–2576PubMedCrossRef Collin P, Syrjanen J, Partanen J, Pasternack A, Kaukinen K, Mustonen J (2002) Celiac disease and HLA DQ in patients with IgA nephropathy. Am J Gastroenterol 97(10):2572–2576PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Welander A, Sundelin B, Fored M, Ludvigsson JF (2013) Increased risk of IgA nephropathy among individuals with celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 47(8):678–683PubMedCrossRef Welander A, Sundelin B, Fored M, Ludvigsson JF (2013) Increased risk of IgA nephropathy among individuals with celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 47(8):678–683PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R et al (1989) Gluten-induced experimental IgA glomerulopathy. Lab Investig 60(4):499–506PubMed Coppo R et al (1989) Gluten-induced experimental IgA glomerulopathy. Lab Investig 60(4):499–506PubMed

go back to reference Papista C, Lechner S, Ben Mkaddem S, LeStang MB, Abbad L, Bex-Coudrat J, Pillebout E, Chemouny JM, Jablonski M, Flamant M, Daugas E, Vrtovsnik F, Yiangou M, Berthelot L, Monteiro RC (2015) Gluten exacerbates IgA nephropathy in humanized mice through gliadin-CD89 interaction. Kidney Int 88(2):276–285PubMedCrossRef Papista C, Lechner S, Ben Mkaddem S, LeStang MB, Abbad L, Bex-Coudrat J, Pillebout E, Chemouny JM, Jablonski M, Flamant M, Daugas E, Vrtovsnik F, Yiangou M, Berthelot L, Monteiro RC (2015) Gluten exacerbates IgA nephropathy in humanized mice through gliadin-CD89 interaction. Kidney Int 88(2):276–285PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Berthelot L, Papista C, Maciel TT, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Tissandie E, Wang PHM, Tamouza H, Jamin A, Bex-Coudrat J, Gestin A, Boumediene A, Arcos-Fajardo M, England P, Pillebout E, Walker F, Daugas E, Vrtosvnik F, Flamant M, Benhamou M, Cogné M, Moura IC, Monteiro RC (2012) Transglutaminase is essential for IgA nephropathy development acting through IgA receptors. J Exp Med 209(4):793–806PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Berthelot L, Papista C, Maciel TT, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Tissandie E, Wang PHM, Tamouza H, Jamin A, Bex-Coudrat J, Gestin A, Boumediene A, Arcos-Fajardo M, England P, Pillebout E, Walker F, Daugas E, Vrtosvnik F, Flamant M, Benhamou M, Cogné M, Moura IC, Monteiro RC (2012) Transglutaminase is essential for IgA nephropathy development acting through IgA receptors. J Exp Med 209(4):793–806PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Cambier A, Gleeson PJ, Flament H, le Stang MB, Monteiro RC (2021) New therapeutic perspectives for IgA nephropathy in children. Pediatr Nephrol 36(3):497–506PubMedCrossRef Cambier A, Gleeson PJ, Flament H, le Stang MB, Monteiro RC (2021) New therapeutic perspectives for IgA nephropathy in children. Pediatr Nephrol 36(3):497–506PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Coppo R, Basolo B, Rollino C, Roccatello D, Martina G, Amore A, Bongiorno G, Piccoli G (1986) Mediterranean diet and primary IgA nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 26(2):72–82PubMed Coppo R, Basolo B, Rollino C, Roccatello D, Martina G, Amore A, Bongiorno G, Piccoli G (1986) Mediterranean diet and primary IgA nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 26(2):72–82PubMed

go back to reference Coppo R, Roccatello D, Amore A, Quattrocchio G, Molino A, Gianoglio B, Amoroso A, Bajardi P, Piccoli G (1990) Effects of a gluten-free diet in primary IgA nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 33(2):72–86PubMed Coppo R, Roccatello D, Amore A, Quattrocchio G, Molino A, Gianoglio B, Amoroso A, Bajardi P, Piccoli G (1990) Effects of a gluten-free diet in primary IgA nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 33(2):72–86PubMed

go back to reference Coppo R, Amore A, Roccatello D (1992) Dietary antigens and primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2(10 Suppl):S173–S180PubMedCrossRef Coppo R, Amore A, Roccatello D (1992) Dietary antigens and primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2(10 Suppl):S173–S180PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Smerud HK, Fellstrom B, Hallgren R, Osagie S, Venge P, Kristjansson G (2009) Gluten sensitivity in patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24(8):2476–2481PubMedCrossRef Smerud HK, Fellstrom B, Hallgren R, Osagie S, Venge P, Kristjansson G (2009) Gluten sensitivity in patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24(8):2476–2481PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Kloster Smerud H et al (2010) Gastrointestinal sensitivity to soy and milk proteins in patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 74(5):364–371PubMedCrossRef Kloster Smerud H et al (2010) Gastrointestinal sensitivity to soy and milk proteins in patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 74(5):364–371PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Serena G, D'Avino P, Fasano A (2020) Celiac disease and non-celiac wheat sensitivity: state of art of non-dietary therapies. Front Nutr 7:152PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Serena G, D'Avino P, Fasano A (2020) Celiac disease and non-celiac wheat sensitivity: state of art of non-dietary therapies. Front Nutr 7:152PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Galipeau HJ, Verdu EF (2014) Gut microbes and adverse food reactions: focus on gluten related disorders. Gut Microbes 5(5):594–605PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Galipeau HJ, Verdu EF (2014) Gut microbes and adverse food reactions: focus on gluten related disorders. Gut Microbes 5(5):594–605PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Vitetta L, Vitetta G, Hall S (2018) Immunological tolerance and function: associations between intestinal bacteria, probiotics, prebiotics, and phages. Front Immunol 9:2240PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Vitetta L, Vitetta G, Hall S (2018) Immunological tolerance and function: associations between intestinal bacteria, probiotics, prebiotics, and phages. Front Immunol 9:2240PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Cosola C et al (2018) Nutrients, nutraceuticals, and xenobiotics affecting renal health. Nutrients 10(7) Cosola C et al (2018) Nutrients, nutraceuticals, and xenobiotics affecting renal health. Nutrients 10(7)

go back to reference Caggiano G, Cosola C, di Leo V, Gesualdo M, Gesualdo L (2020) Microbiome modulation to correct uremic toxins and to preserve kidney functions. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 29(1):49–56PubMedCrossRef Caggiano G, Cosola C, di Leo V, Gesualdo M, Gesualdo L (2020) Microbiome modulation to correct uremic toxins and to preserve kidney functions. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 29(1):49–56PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Maldonado Galdeano C, Cazorla SI, Lemme Dumit JM, Vélez E, Perdigón G (2019) Beneficial effects of probiotic consumption on the immune system. Ann Nutr Metab 74(2):115–124PubMedCrossRef Maldonado Galdeano C, Cazorla SI, Lemme Dumit JM, Vélez E, Perdigón G (2019) Beneficial effects of probiotic consumption on the immune system. Ann Nutr Metab 74(2):115–124PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Chemouny JM, Gleeson PJ, Abbad L, Lauriero G, Boedec E, le Roux K, Monot C, Bredel M, Bex-Coudrat J, Sannier A, Daugas E, Vrtovsnik F, Gesualdo L, Leclerc M, Berthelot L, Ben Mkaddem S, Lepage P, Monteiro RC (2019) Modulation of the microbiota by oral antibiotics treats immunoglobulin A nephropathy in humanized mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 34(7):1135–1144PubMedCrossRef Chemouny JM, Gleeson PJ, Abbad L, Lauriero G, Boedec E, le Roux K, Monot C, Bredel M, Bex-Coudrat J, Sannier A, Daugas E, Vrtovsnik F, Gesualdo L, Leclerc M, Berthelot L, Ben Mkaddem S, Lepage P, Monteiro RC (2019) Modulation of the microbiota by oral antibiotics treats immunoglobulin A nephropathy in humanized mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 34(7):1135–1144PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference He JW, Zhou XJ, Lv JC, Zhang H (2020) Perspectives on how mucosal immune responses, infections and gut microbiome shape IgA nephropathy and future therapies. Theranostics 10(25):11462–11478PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef He JW, Zhou XJ, Lv JC, Zhang H (2020) Perspectives on how mucosal immune responses, infections and gut microbiome shape IgA nephropathy and future therapies. Theranostics 10(25):11462–11478PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Ting SY, Martínez-García E, Huang S, Bertolli SK, Kelly KA, Cutler KJ, Su ED, Zhi H, Tang Q, Radey MC, Raffatellu M, Peterson SB, de Lorenzo V, Mougous JD (2020) Targeted depletion of bacteria from mixed populations by programmable adhesion with antagonistic competitor cells. Cell Host Microbe 28(2):313–321 e6PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ting SY, Martínez-García E, Huang S, Bertolli SK, Kelly KA, Cutler KJ, Su ED, Zhi H, Tang Q, Radey MC, Raffatellu M, Peterson SB, de Lorenzo V, Mougous JD (2020) Targeted depletion of bacteria from mixed populations by programmable adhesion with antagonistic competitor cells. Cell Host Microbe 28(2):313–321 e6PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Bibbo S et al (2020) Fecal microbiota transplantation: screening and selection to choose the optimal donor. J Clin Med 9(6) Bibbo S et al (2020) Fecal microbiota transplantation: screening and selection to choose the optimal donor. J Clin Med 9(6)

go back to reference Barba C et al (2020) Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on composition in mice with CKD. Toxins (Basel) 12(12) Barba C et al (2020) Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on composition in mice with CKD. Toxins (Basel) 12(12)

go back to reference Ambruzs JM, Walker PD, Larsen CP (2014) The histopathologic spectrum of kidney biopsies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9(2):265–270PubMedCrossRef Ambruzs JM, Walker PD, Larsen CP (2014) The histopathologic spectrum of kidney biopsies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9(2):265–270PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Rehnberg J, Symreng A, Ludvigsson JF, Emilsson L (2021) Inflammatory bowel disease is more common in patients with IgA nephropathy and predicts progression of ESKD: a Swedish population-based cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 32(2):411–423PubMedCrossRef Rehnberg J, Symreng A, Ludvigsson JF, Emilsson L (2021) Inflammatory bowel disease is more common in patients with IgA nephropathy and predicts progression of ESKD: a Swedish population-based cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 32(2):411–423PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Robinson M (1997) Optimizing therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 92(12 Suppl):12S–17SPubMed Robinson M (1997) Optimizing therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 92(12 Suppl):12S–17SPubMed

go back to reference Coppo R, Mariat C (2020) Systemic corticosteroids and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue-targeted therapy in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: insight from the NEFIGAN study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 35(8):1291–1294PubMedCrossRef Coppo R, Mariat C (2020) Systemic corticosteroids and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue-targeted therapy in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: insight from the NEFIGAN study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 35(8):1291–1294PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Smerud HK, Barany P, Lindstrom K, Fernstrom A, Sandell A, Pahlsson P, Fellstrom B (2011) New treatment for IgA nephropathy: enteric budesonide targeted to the ileocecal region ameliorates proteinuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26(10):3237–3242PubMedCrossRef Smerud HK, Barany P, Lindstrom K, Fernstrom A, Sandell A, Pahlsson P, Fellstrom B (2011) New treatment for IgA nephropathy: enteric budesonide targeted to the ileocecal region ameliorates proteinuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26(10):3237–3242PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Fellstrom BC et al (2017) Targeted-release budesonide versus placebo in patients with IgA nephropathy (NEFIGAN): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet 389(10084):2117–2127PubMedCrossRef Fellstrom BC et al (2017) Targeted-release budesonide versus placebo in patients with IgA nephropathy (NEFIGAN): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet 389(10084):2117–2127PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Willis R, Seif AM, McGwin G Jr, Martinez-Martinez LA, González EB, Dang N, Papalardo E, Liu J, Vilá LM, Reveille JD, Alarcón GS, Pierangeli SS (2012) Effect of hydroxychloroquine treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokines and disease activity in SLE patients: data from LUMINA (LXXV), a multiethnic US cohort. Lupus 21(8):830–835PubMedCrossRef Willis R, Seif AM, McGwin G Jr, Martinez-Martinez LA, González EB, Dang N, Papalardo E, Liu J, Vilá LM, Reveille JD, Alarcón GS, Pierangeli SS (2012) Effect of hydroxychloroquine treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokines and disease activity in SLE patients: data from LUMINA (LXXV), a multiethnic US cohort. Lupus 21(8):830–835PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Gutierrez E et al (2020) A personalized update on IgA nephropathy: a new vision and new future challenges. Nephron 144(11):555–571PubMedCrossRef Gutierrez E et al (2020) A personalized update on IgA nephropathy: a new vision and new future challenges. Nephron 144(11):555–571PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Liu LJ, Yang YZ, Shi SF, Bao YF, Yang C, Zhu SN, Sui GL, Chen YQ, Lv JC, Zhang H (2019) Effects of hydroxychloroquine on proteinuria in IgA nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 74(1):15–22PubMedCrossRef Liu LJ, Yang YZ, Shi SF, Bao YF, Yang C, Zhu SN, Sui GL, Chen YQ, Lv JC, Zhang H (2019) Effects of hydroxychloroquine on proteinuria in IgA nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 74(1):15–22PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Floege J (2019) Antimalarials in IgA nephropathy: did our supportive therapy armamentarium just increase? Am J Kidney Dis 74(1):6–8PubMedCrossRef Floege J (2019) Antimalarials in IgA nephropathy: did our supportive therapy armamentarium just increase? Am J Kidney Dis 74(1):6–8PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Myette JR, Kano T, Suzuki H, Sloan SE, Szretter KJ, Ramakrishnan B, Adari H, Deotale KD, Engler F, Shriver Z, Wollacott AM, Suzuki Y, Pereira BJG (2019) A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) targeted antibody is a safe and effective treatment of murine IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 96(1):104–116PubMedCrossRef Myette JR, Kano T, Suzuki H, Sloan SE, Szretter KJ, Ramakrishnan B, Adari H, Deotale KD, Engler F, Shriver Z, Wollacott AM, Suzuki Y, Pereira BJG (2019) A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) targeted antibody is a safe and effective treatment of murine IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 96(1):104–116PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Hartono C, Chung M, Perlman AS, Chevalier JM, Serur D, Seshan SV, Muthukumar T (2018) Bortezomib for reduction of proteinuria in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 3(4):861–866PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hartono C, Chung M, Perlman AS, Chevalier JM, Serur D, Seshan SV, Muthukumar T (2018) Bortezomib for reduction of proteinuria in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 3(4):861–866PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

go back to reference Lafayette RA, Canetta PA, Rovin BH, Appel GB, Novak J, Nath KA, Sethi S, Tumlin JA, Mehta K, Hogan M, Erickson S, Julian BA, Leung N, Enders FT, Brown R, Knoppova B, Hall S, Fervenza FC (2017) A randomized, controlled trial of rituximab in IgA nephropathy with proteinuria and renal dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 28(4):1306–1313PubMedCrossRef Lafayette RA, Canetta PA, Rovin BH, Appel GB, Novak J, Nath KA, Sethi S, Tumlin JA, Mehta K, Hogan M, Erickson S, Julian BA, Leung N, Enders FT, Brown R, Knoppova B, Hall S, Fervenza FC (2017) A randomized, controlled trial of rituximab in IgA nephropathy with proteinuria and renal dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 28(4):1306–1313PubMedCrossRef