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01-07-2019 | Brachytherapy | Review Article

Uveal melanoma: physiopathology and new in situ-specific therapies

Authors: E. B. Souto, A. Zielinska, M. Luis, C. Carbone, C. Martins-Gomes, S. B. Souto, A. M. Silva

Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults. It can arise from melanocytes in the anterior (iris) or posterior uveal tract (choroid and ciliary body). Uveal melanoma has a particular molecular pathogenesis, being characterized by specific chromosome alterations and gene mutations (e.g., GNAQ/GNA11; BAP1), which are considered promising targets for molecular therapy. Primary treatment of uveal melanoma includes radiotherapy (brachytherapy and charged-particle therapy), phototherapy (photocoagulation, transpupillary thermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy) and surgery (local resection, enucleation and exenteration). Approximately half of patients with uveal melanoma will, however, develop metastasis, especially in the liver. The treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma includes systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. Liver-directed therapies, such as resection, chemoembolization, immunoembolization, radioembolization, isolated hepatic perfusion and percutaneous hepatic perfusion, are also available to treat metastatic uveal melanoma. Several clinical trials are being developed to study new therapeutic options to treat uveal melanoma, mainly for those with identified liver metastases. The present work discusses the physiopathology and new in situ-specific therapies for the treatment of uveal melanoma.

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Title: Uveal melanoma: physiopathology and new in situ-specific therapies
Authors: E. B. Souto
A. Zielinska
M. Luis
C. Carbone
C. Martins-Gomes
S. B. Souto
A. M. Silva
Publication date: 01-07-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Brachytherapy
Metastasis
Melanoma
Melanoma
Photodynamic Therapy
Choroidal Melanoma
Thermal Therapy
Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0344-5704
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-019-03860-z

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