Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 9/2014

01-11-2014 | Original Article

Evaluation of location and dimensions of mandibular lingual foramina using cone-beam computed tomography

Authors: Ahmet Ercan Sekerci, Yıldıray Sisman, Mehtap Arikan Payveren

Published in: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy | Issue 9/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the regional frequency and anatomical properties of mandibular lingual foramina (MLF) and their bony canals with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was conducted by selecting images of the mandible from CBCT examination of 500 patients. MLF were located according to tooth areas and were grouped into midline, paramedian, and posterior foramina. In addition, the frequency of bony canals originating from lingual foramina was calculated, and the course and anastomoses were examined.

Results

In total, 491 areas with lingual foramina were observed. The highest regional frequency was recognized in the midline area (95.2 %), followed by left first premolar (15.1 %) area. The frequency of foramina in the midline was different from the paramedian and posterior (p < 0.01) regions. 95.6 % of lingual vascular canals originating from midline lingual foramina had a perpendicular course into the symphysis, whereas 60.3 % of canals from paramedian foramina and 83.6 % of canals from lateral lingual foramina presented with an anteriorly directed course.

Conclusions

CBCT examination easily demonstrates the presence of the lingual vascular canals. MLF are frequently present in a Turkish population; radiologists and oral surgeons should be aware of this anatomic feature and its possible implications.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Babiuc I, Tarlungeanu I, Pauna M (2011) Cone beam computed tomography observations of the lingual foramina and their bony canals in the median region of the mandible. Rom J Morphol Embryol 52:827–829PubMed Babiuc I, Tarlungeanu I, Pauna M (2011) Cone beam computed tomography observations of the lingual foramina and their bony canals in the median region of the mandible. Rom J Morphol Embryol 52:827–829PubMed
2.
go back to reference Baldissera EZ, Silveira HD (2002) Radiographic evaluation of the relationship between the project of genial tubercles and the lingual foramen. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 31:368–372PubMedCrossRef Baldissera EZ, Silveira HD (2002) Radiographic evaluation of the relationship between the project of genial tubercles and the lingual foramen. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 31:368–372PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Ellies LG (1992) Altered sensation following mandibular implant surgery: a retrospective study. J Prosthet Dent 68:664–671PubMedCrossRef Ellies LG (1992) Altered sensation following mandibular implant surgery: a retrospective study. J Prosthet Dent 68:664–671PubMedCrossRef
4.
5.
6.
go back to reference Gahleitner A, Hofschneider U, Tepper G, Pretterklieber M, Schick S, Zauza K et al (2001) Lingual vascular canal of the mandible: evaluation with dental CT. Radiology 220:186–189PubMedCrossRef Gahleitner A, Hofschneider U, Tepper G, Pretterklieber M, Schick S, Zauza K et al (2001) Lingual vascular canal of the mandible: evaluation with dental CT. Radiology 220:186–189PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Haveman CW, Tebo HG (1976) Posterior accessory foramina of the human mandible. J Prosthet Dent 36:462–468CrossRef Haveman CW, Tebo HG (1976) Posterior accessory foramina of the human mandible. J Prosthet Dent 36:462–468CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Jacobs R, Mraiwa N, van Steenberghe D, Gijbels F, Quirynen M (2002) Appearance, location, course, and morphology of the mandibular incisive canal: an assessment on spiral CT scan. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 31:322–327PubMedCrossRef Jacobs R, Mraiwa N, van Steenberghe D, Gijbels F, Quirynen M (2002) Appearance, location, course, and morphology of the mandibular incisive canal: an assessment on spiral CT scan. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 31:322–327PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Jaju P, Jaju S (2011) Lingual vascular canal assessment by dental computed tomography: a retrospective study. Indian J Dent Res 22:232–236PubMedCrossRef Jaju P, Jaju S (2011) Lingual vascular canal assessment by dental computed tomography: a retrospective study. Indian J Dent Res 22:232–236PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Kalpidis CDR, Setayesh RM (2004) Hemorrhaging associated with endosseous implant placement in the anterior mandible: a review of the literature. J Periodontol 75:631–645PubMedCrossRef Kalpidis CDR, Setayesh RM (2004) Hemorrhaging associated with endosseous implant placement in the anterior mandible: a review of the literature. J Periodontol 75:631–645PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Katakami K, Mishima A, Kuribayashi A, Shimoda S, Hamada Y, Kobayashi K (2009) Anatomical characteristics of the mandibular lingual foramina observed on limited cone-beam CT images. Clin Oral Implants Res 20:386–390PubMedCrossRef Katakami K, Mishima A, Kuribayashi A, Shimoda S, Hamada Y, Kobayashi K (2009) Anatomical characteristics of the mandibular lingual foramina observed on limited cone-beam CT images. Clin Oral Implants Res 20:386–390PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Kawai T, Asaumi R, Sato I, Yoshida S, Yosue T (2007) Classification of the lingual foramina and their bony canals in the median region of the mandible: cone beam computed tomography observations of dry Japanese mandibles. Oral Radiol 23:42–48CrossRef Kawai T, Asaumi R, Sato I, Yoshida S, Yosue T (2007) Classification of the lingual foramina and their bony canals in the median region of the mandible: cone beam computed tomography observations of dry Japanese mandibles. Oral Radiol 23:42–48CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Krenkel C, Holzner K, Poisel (1985) Hematoma of the mouth floor following oral surgery and its anatomical characteristics. Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 9:448–451PubMed Krenkel C, Holzner K, Poisel (1985) Hematoma of the mouth floor following oral surgery and its anatomical characteristics. Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 9:448–451PubMed
14.
go back to reference Liang X, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Vandewalle G, van Oostveldt D, Schepers E et al (2005) Microanatomical and histological assessment of the content of superior genial foramen and its bony canals. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 34:362–368PubMedCrossRef Liang X, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Vandewalle G, van Oostveldt D, Schepers E et al (2005) Microanatomical and histological assessment of the content of superior genial foramen and its bony canals. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 34:362–368PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Liang X, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Vandewalle G (2007) Lingual foramina on the mandibular midline revisited: a macroanatomical study. Clin Anat 20:246–251PubMedCrossRef Liang X, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Vandewalle G (2007) Lingual foramina on the mandibular midline revisited: a macroanatomical study. Clin Anat 20:246–251PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Liang X, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I (2006) An assessment on spiral CT scan of the superior and inferior genial spinal foramina and canals. Surg Radiol Anat 28:98–104PubMedCrossRef Liang X, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I (2006) An assessment on spiral CT scan of the superior and inferior genial spinal foramina and canals. Surg Radiol Anat 28:98–104PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Loukas M, Kinsella CR, Kapos T, Tubbs RS, Ramachandra S (2008) Anatomical variation in arterial supply of the mandible with special regard to implant placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37:367–371PubMedCrossRef Loukas M, Kinsella CR, Kapos T, Tubbs RS, Ramachandra S (2008) Anatomical variation in arterial supply of the mandible with special regard to implant placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37:367–371PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Lusting JP, London D, Dor BL, Yanko R (2003) Ultrasound identification and quantitative measurement of blood supply to the anterior part of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 96:625–629CrossRef Lusting JP, London D, Dor BL, Yanko R (2003) Ultrasound identification and quantitative measurement of blood supply to the anterior part of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 96:625–629CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Mason ME, Triplett RG, Alfonso WF (1990) Life-threatening hemorrhage from placement of a dental implant. J Oral Maxillofacl Surg 48:201–204CrossRef Mason ME, Triplett RG, Alfonso WF (1990) Life-threatening hemorrhage from placement of a dental implant. J Oral Maxillofacl Surg 48:201–204CrossRef
20.
go back to reference McDonnell D, Nouri MR, Todd ME (1994) The mandibular lingual foramen: a consistent arterial foramen in the middle of the mandible. J Anat 184:363–369PubMedPubMedCentral McDonnell D, Nouri MR, Todd ME (1994) The mandibular lingual foramen: a consistent arterial foramen in the middle of the mandible. J Anat 184:363–369PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
go back to reference McGregor DA, Mac Donald DG (1998) Routes of entry of squamous cell carcinoma into the mandible. Head Neck Surg 10:294–301CrossRef McGregor DA, Mac Donald DG (1998) Routes of entry of squamous cell carcinoma into the mandible. Head Neck Surg 10:294–301CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Przystanska A, Bruska M (2005) Foramina on the internal aspect of the alveolar part of the mandible. Folia Morphol 64:89–91 Przystanska A, Bruska M (2005) Foramina on the internal aspect of the alveolar part of the mandible. Folia Morphol 64:89–91
23.
go back to reference Pyle MA, Jasinevicius TR, Lalumandier JA, Kohrs KJ, Sawyer DR (1999) Prevalence and implications of accessory retromolar foramina in clinical dentistry. Gen Dent 47:500–505PubMed Pyle MA, Jasinevicius TR, Lalumandier JA, Kohrs KJ, Sawyer DR (1999) Prevalence and implications of accessory retromolar foramina in clinical dentistry. Gen Dent 47:500–505PubMed
24.
go back to reference Sahman H, Sekerci AE, Ertas ET (2014) Lateral lingual vascular canals of the mandible: a CBCT study of 500 cases. Surg Radiol Anat (epub ahead of print) (record supplied by publisher) Sahman H, Sekerci AE, Ertas ET (2014) Lateral lingual vascular canals of the mandible: a CBCT study of 500 cases. Surg Radiol Anat (epub ahead of print) (record supplied by publisher)
26.
go back to reference Sutton RN (1974) The practical significance of mandibular accessory foramina. Aust Dent J 19:167–173PubMedCrossRef Sutton RN (1974) The practical significance of mandibular accessory foramina. Aust Dent J 19:167–173PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Suzuki M, Sakai T (1957) The foramina on the lingual surface of the mandible in the Japanese. Med J Shinahu Univ 2:1–8 Suzuki M, Sakai T (1957) The foramina on the lingual surface of the mandible in the Japanese. Med J Shinahu Univ 2:1–8
28.
go back to reference Tepper G, Hofschneider U, Gahleitner A, Ulm C (2001) Computed tomographic diagnosis and localization of bone canals in the mandibular interforaminal region prevention of bleeding complications during implant surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implant 16:68–72 Tepper G, Hofschneider U, Gahleitner A, Ulm C (2001) Computed tomographic diagnosis and localization of bone canals in the mandibular interforaminal region prevention of bleeding complications during implant surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implant 16:68–72
29.
go back to reference Trost O, Kazemi A, Cheynel N et al (2009) Spatial relationships between lingual nerve and mandibular ramus: original study method, clinical and educational applications. Surg Radiol Anat 31(6):447–452PubMedCrossRef Trost O, Kazemi A, Cheynel N et al (2009) Spatial relationships between lingual nerve and mandibular ramus: original study method, clinical and educational applications. Surg Radiol Anat 31(6):447–452PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference von Arx T, Matter D, Buser D, Bornstein MM (2011) Evaluation of location and dimensions of lingual foramina using limited cone-beam computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 69:2777–2785CrossRef von Arx T, Matter D, Buser D, Bornstein MM (2011) Evaluation of location and dimensions of lingual foramina using limited cone-beam computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 69:2777–2785CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Wyatt WM (1996) Accessory mandibular canal: literature review and presentation of additional variant. Quintessence Int 27:111–113PubMed Wyatt WM (1996) Accessory mandibular canal: literature review and presentation of additional variant. Quintessence Int 27:111–113PubMed
32.
go back to reference Yoshida S, Kawai T, Okutsu K, Yosue T, Takamori H, Sunohara M et al (2005) The appearance of foramen in the internal aspect of the mental region of mandible from Japanese cadavers and dry skulls under macroscopic observation and three-dimensional CT images. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 82:83–88PubMedCrossRef Yoshida S, Kawai T, Okutsu K, Yosue T, Takamori H, Sunohara M et al (2005) The appearance of foramen in the internal aspect of the mental region of mandible from Japanese cadavers and dry skulls under macroscopic observation and three-dimensional CT images. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 82:83–88PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Evaluation of location and dimensions of mandibular lingual foramina using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors
Ahmet Ercan Sekerci
Yıldıray Sisman
Mehtap Arikan Payveren
Publication date
01-11-2014
Publisher
Springer Paris
Published in
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy / Issue 9/2014
Print ISSN: 0930-1038
Electronic ISSN: 1279-8517
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-014-1311-9

Other articles of this Issue 9/2014

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 9/2014 Go to the issue

Book Review

Book Reviews