Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
World Journal of Surgery
Published in: World Journal of Surgery 5/2021

Open Access 01-05-2021 | Laparotomy | Original Scientific Report

Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: Part 1—Preoperative: Diagnosis, Rapid Assessment and Optimization

Authors: Carol J. Peden, Geeta Aggarwal, Robert J. Aitken, Iain D. Anderson, Nicolai Bang Foss, Zara Cooper, Jugdeep K. Dhesi, W. Brenton French, Michael C. Grant, Folke Hammarqvist, Sarah P. Hare, Joaquim M. Havens, Daniel N. Holena, Martin Hübner, Jeniffer S. Kim, Nicholas P. Lees, Olle Ljungqvist, Dileep N. Lobo, Shahin Mohseni, Carlos A. Ordoñez, Nial Quiney, Richard D. Urman, Elizabeth Wick, Christopher L. Wu, Tonia Young-Fadok, Michael Scott

Published in: World Journal of Surgery | Issue 5/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols reduce length of stay, complications and costs for a large number of elective surgical procedures. A similar, structured approach appears to improve outcomes, including mortality, for patients undergoing high-risk emergency general surgery, and specifically emergency laparotomy. These are the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of these patients using an ERAS approach.

Methods

Experts in aspects of management of the high-risk and emergency general surgical patient were invited to contribute by the International ERAS® Society. Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE database searches on English language publications were performed for ERAS elements and relevant specific topics. Studies on each item were selected with particular attention to randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and large cohort studies, and reviewed and graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Recommendations were made on the best level of evidence, or extrapolation from studies on non-emergency patients when appropriate. The Delphi method was used to validate final recommendations. The guideline has been divided into two parts: Part 1—Preoperative Care and Part 2—Intraoperative and Postoperative management. This paper provides guidelines for Part 1.

Results

Twelve components of preoperative care were considered. Consensus was reached after three rounds.

Conclusions

These guidelines are based on the best available evidence for an ERAS approach to patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Initial management is particularly important for patients with sepsis and physiological derangement. These guidelines should be used to improve outcomes for these high-risk patients.
Literature
1.
Huddart S, Peden CJ, Swart M et al (2015) Use of a pathway quality improvement care bundle to reduce mortality after emergency laparotomy. Br J Surg 102:57–66PubMed
2.
Lohsiriwat V (2014) Enhanced recovery after surgery vs conventional care in emergency colorectal surgery. World J Gastroenterol 20:13950–13955PubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Møller MH, Adamsen S, Thomsen RW et al (2011) Multicentre trial of a perioperative protocol to reduce mortality in patients with peptic ulcer perforation. Br J Surg 98:802–810PubMed
4.
Wisely JC, Barclay KL (2016) Effects of an enhanced recovery after surgery programme on emergency surgical patients. ANZ J Surg 86:883–888PubMed
5.
6.
Aggarwal G, Peden CJ, Mohammed MA et al (2019) Evaluation of the collaborative use of an evidence-based care bundle in emergency laparotomy. JAMA Surg 154:e190145PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Paduraru M, Ponchietti L, Casas IM et al (2017) Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)—the evidence in geriatric emergency surgery: a systematic review. Chirurgia 112:546–557PubMed
8.
Gonenc M, Dural AC, Celik F et al (2014) Enhanced postoperative recovery pathways in emergency surgery: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Am J Surg 207:807–814PubMed
9.
Mohsina S, Shanmugam D, Sureshkumar S et al (2018) Adapted ERAS pathway vs. standard care in patients with perforated duodenal ulcer—a randomized controlled trial. J Gastrointest Surg 22:107–116PubMed
10.
Shida D, Tagawa K, Inada K et al (2017) Modified enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. BMC Surg 17:18PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Shang Y, Guo C, Zhang D (2018) Modified enhanced recovery after surgery protocols are beneficial for postoperative recovery for patients undergoing emergency surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer. Medicine 97:e12348PubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Symons NRA, Moorthy K, Almoudaris AM et al (2013) Mortality in high-risk emergency general surgical admissions. Br J Surg 100:1318–1325PubMed
13.
Shafi S, Aboutanos MB, Agarwal S Jr et al (2013) Emergency general surgery: definition and estimated burden of disease. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 74:1092–1097PubMed
14.
Al-Temimi MH, Griffee M, Enniss TM et al (2012) When is death inevitable after emergency laparotomy? Analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. J Am Coll Surg 215:503–511PubMed
15.
Lee KC, Sturgeon D, Lipsitz S et al (2020) Mortality and health care utilization among Medicare patients undergoing emergency general surgery vs those with acute medical conditions. JAMA Surg 155:216–223PubMed
16.
17.
18.
Vester-Andersen M, Lundstrøm LH, Møller MH et al (2014) Mortality and postoperative care pathways after emergency gastrointestinal surgery in 2904 patients: a population-based cohort study. Br J Anaesth 112:860–870PubMed
19.
Saunders DI, Murray D, Pichel AC et al (2012) Variations in mortality after emergency laparotomy: the first report of the UK Emergency Laparotomy Network. Br J Anaesth 109:368–375PubMed
20.
Cauley CE, Panizales MT, Reznor G et al (2015) Outcomes after emergency abdominal surgery in patients with advanced cancer: opportunities to reduce complications and improve palliative care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 79:399–406PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Havens JM, Peetz AB, Do WS et al (2015) The excess morbidity and mortality of emergency general surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 78:306–311PubMed
22.
Columbus AB, Morris MA, Lilley EJ et al (2018) Critical differences between elective and emergency surgery: identifying domains for quality improvement in emergency general surgery. Surgery 163:832–838PubMed
23.
Ingraham AM, Cohen ME, Bilimoria KY et al (2010) Comparison of hospital performance in nonemergency versus emergency colorectal operations at 142 hospitals. J Am Coll Surg 210:155–165PubMed
24.
Ingraham AM, Ayturk MD, Kiefe CI, Santry HP (2019) Adherence to 20 emergency general surgery best practices: results of a national survey. Ann Surg 270:270–280PubMed
25.
Daniel VT, Ingraham AM, Khubchandani JA et al (2019) Variations in the delivery of emergency general surgery care in the era of acute care surgery. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 45:14–23PubMed
26.
Oliver CM, Bassett MG, Poulton TE et al (2018) Organisational factors and mortality after an emergency laparotomy: multilevel analysis of 39 903 National Emergency Laparotomy Audit patients. Br J Anaesth 121:1346–1356PubMed
27.
Symons NRA, Moorthy K, Vincent CA, London Surgical Research Group (2016) Reliability in the process of care during emergency general surgical admission: a prospective cohort study. Int J Surg 32:143–149
28.
Ingraham AM, Cohen ME, Raval MV et al (2011) Variation in quality of care after emergency general surgery procedures in the elderly. J Am Coll Surg 212:1039–1048PubMed
29.
Tengberg LT, Bay-Nielsen M, Bisgaard T et al (2017) Multidisciplinary perioperative protocol in patients undergoing acute high-risk abdominal surgery. Br J Surg 104:463–471PubMed
30.
Peden C, Scott MJ (2015) Anesthesia for emergency abdominal surgery. Anesthesiol Clin 33:209–221PubMed
31.
Gale SC, Shafi S, Dombrovskiy VY et al (2014) The public health burden of emergency general surgery in the United States: a 10-year analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample–2001 to 2010. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 77:202–208PubMed
32.
Scott JW, Olufajo OA, Brat GA et al (2016) Use of national burden to define operative emergency general surgery. JAMA Surg 151:e160480PubMed
33.
Ingraham AM, Cohen ME, Raval MV et al (2011) Comparison of hospital performance in emergency versus elective general surgery operations at 198 hospitals. J Am Coll Surg 212:20-28.e1PubMed
34.
Cooper Z, Mitchell SL, Gorges RJ et al (2015) Predictors of mortality up to 1 year after emergency major abdominal surgery in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 63:2572–2579PubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Louis DJ, Hsu A, Brand MI, Saclarides TJ (2009) Morbidity and mortality in octogenarians and older undergoing major intestinal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 52:59–63PubMed
36.
Foss NB, Kehlet H (2020) Challenges in optimising recovery after emergency laparotomy. Anaesthesia 75(Suppl 1):e83–e89PubMed
37.
38.
Brown BB (1968) Delphi process: a methodology used for the elicitation of opinions of experts. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
39.
Brindle M, Nelson G, Lobo DN et al (2020) Recommendations from the ERAS® Society for standards for the development of enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines. BJS Open 4:157–163PubMed
40.
41.
Feeney T, Castillo-Angeles M, Scott JW et al (2018) The independent effect of emergency general surgery on outcomes varies depending on case type: a NSQIP outcomes study. Am J Surg 216:856–862PubMed
42.
43.
44.
45.
Poulton T, Murray D, The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) project team (2019) Pre-optimisation of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: a review of best practice. Anaesthesia 74:100–107PubMed
46.
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W et al (2017) Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med 43:304–377PubMed
47.
Sethi A, Debbarma M, Narang N et al (2018) Impact of targeted preoperative optimization on clinical outcome in emergency abdominal surgeries: a prospective randomized trial. Anesth Essays Res 12:149–154PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
49.
50.
Kovacs C, Jarvis SW, Prytherch DR et al (2016) Comparison of the national early warning score in non-elective medical and surgical patients. Br J Surg 103:1385–1393PubMed
51.
Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X et al (2017) Quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and early warning scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195:906–911PubMedPubMedCentral
52.
Garcea G, Ganga R, Neal CP et al (2010) Preoperative early warning scores can predict in-hospital mortality and critical care admission following emergency surgery. J Surg Res 159:729–734PubMed
53.
UK National Surgical Research Collaborative (2017) Multicentre observational study of adherence to Sepsis Six guidelines in emergency general surgery. Br J Surg 104:e165–e171
54.
Becher RD, Hoth JJ, Miller PR et al (2012) Systemic inflammation worsens outcomes in emergency surgical patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 72:1140–1149PubMed
55.
Moore LJ, Moore FA, Todd SR et al (2010) Sepsis in general surgery: the 2005–2007 national surgical quality improvement program perspective. Arch Surg 145:695–700PubMed
56.
Moore LJ, Moore FA, Jones SL et al (2009) Sepsis in general surgery: a deadly complication. Am J Surg 198:868–874PubMed
57.
58.
Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE et al (2006) Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 34:1589–1596PubMed
59.
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW et al (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315:801–810PubMedPubMedCentral
60.
Villegas N, Moore LJ (2018) Sepsis screening: current evidence and available tools. Surg Infect 19:126–130
61.
62.
Daniels R, Nutbeam T, McNamara G, Galvin C (2011) The sepsis six and the severe sepsis resuscitation bundle: a prospective observational cohort study. Emerg Med J 28:507–512PubMed
63.
Levy MM, Evans LE, Rhodes A (2018) The surviving sepsis campaign bundle: 2018 update. Crit Care Med 46:997–1000PubMed
64.
Seymour CW, Gesten F, Prescott HC et al (2017) Time to treatment and mortality during mandated emergency care for sepsis. N Engl J Med 376:2235–2244PubMedPubMedCentral
65.
Buck DL, Vester-Andersen M, Møller MH (2013) Surgical delay is a critical determinant of survival in perforated peptic ulcer. Br J Surg 100:1045–1049PubMed
66.
Azuhata T, Kinoshita K, Kawano D et al (2014) Time from admission to initiation of surgery for source control is a critical determinant of survival in patients with gastrointestinal perforation with associated septic shock. Crit Care 18:R87PubMedPubMedCentral
67.
Vester-Andersen M, Lundstrøm LH, Buck DL, Møller MH (2016) Association between surgical delay and survival in high-risk emergency abdominal surgery. a population-based Danish cohort study. Scand J Gastroenterol 51:121–128PubMed
68.
Peacock O, Bassett MG, Kuryba A et al (2018) Thirty-day mortality in patients undergoing laparotomy for small bowel obstruction. Br J Surg 105:1006–1013PubMed
69.
Bloos F, Thomas-Rüddel D, Rüddel H et al (2014) Impact of compliance with infection management guidelines on outcome in patients with severe sepsis: a prospective observational multi-center study. Crit Care 18:R42PubMedPubMedCentral
70.
71.
72.
73.
De Simone B, Ansaloni L, Sartelli M et al (2018) Is the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy a real contraindication to perform intravenous contrast enhanced computed tomography for non-traumatic acute abdomen in emergency surgery department? Acta Biomed 89:158–172PubMed
74.
Ellis JH, Khalatbari S, Yosef M et al (2019) Influence of clinical factors on risk of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity from IV iodinated low-osmolality contrast material in patients with a low estimated glomerular filtration rate. AJR Am J Roentgenol 213:W188–W193PubMed
75.
Wang DC, Parry CR, Feldman M et al (2015) Acute abdomen in the emergency department: is CT a time-limiting factor? AJR Am J Roentgenol 205:1222–1229PubMed
76.
Moonesinghe SR, Mythen MG, Das P et al (2013) Risk stratification tools for predicting morbidity and mortality in adult patients undergoing major surgery: qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology 119:959–981PubMed
77.
Prytherch DR, Whiteley MS, Higgins B et al (1998) POSSUM and portsmouth POSSUM for predicting mortality. physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity. Br J Surg 85:1217–1220PubMed
78.
Haskins IN, Maluso PJ, Schroeder ME et al (2017) A calculator for mortality following emergency general surgery based on the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 82:1094–1099PubMed
79.
Eugene N, Oliver CM, Bassett MG et al (2018) Development and internal validation of a novel risk adjustment model for adult patients undergoing emergency laparotomy surgery: the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit risk model. Br J Anaesth 121:739–748PubMed
80.
Stonelake S, Thomson P, Suggett N (2015) Identification of the high risk emergency surgical patient: which risk prediction model should be used? Ann Med Surg (Lond) 4:240–247
81.
Barazanchi A, Bhat S, Palmer-Neels K et al (2020) Evaluating and improving current risk prediction tools in emergency laparotomy. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 89(2):382–387PubMed
82.
Martin GP, Kocman D, Stephens T et al (2017) Pathways to professionalism? Quality improvement, care pathways, and the interplay of standardisation and clinical autonomy. Sociol Health Illn 39:1314–1329PubMed
83.
Alvarez-Nebreda ML, Bentov N, Urman RD et al (2018) Recommendations for preoperative management of frailty from the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI). J Clin Anesth 47:33–42PubMed
84.
McIsaac DI, Moloo H, Bryson GL, van Walraven C (2017) The association of frailty with outcomes and resource use after emergency general surgery: a population-based cohort study. Anesth Analg 124:1653–1661PubMed
85.
Akyar S, Armenia SJ, Ratnani P, Merchant AM (2018) The impact of frailty on postoperative cardiopulmonary complications in the emergency general surgery population. Surg J (N Y) 4:e66–e77
86.
87.
Tan HL, Chia STX, Nadkarni NV et al (2019) Frailty and functional decline after emergency abdominal surgery in the elderly: a prospective cohort study. World J Emerg Surg 14:62PubMedPubMedCentral
88.
Joseph B, Zangbar B, Pandit V et al (2016) Emergency general surgery in the elderly: too old or too frail? J Am Coll Surg 222:805–813PubMed
89.
Murphy PB, Savage SA, Zarzaur BL (2020) Impact of patient frailty on morbidity and mortality after common emergency general surgery operations. J Surg Res 247:95–102PubMed
90.
Desserud KF, Veen T, Søreide K (2016) Emergency general surgery in the geriatric patient. Br J Surg 103:e52-61PubMed
91.
92.
Lee KC, Streid J, Sturgeon D et al (2020) The impact of frailty on long-term patient-oriented outcomes after emergency general surgery: a retrospective cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1037–1043PubMedPubMedCentral
93.
Eamer G, Taheri A, Chen SS et al (2018) Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD012485PubMed
94.
Engelhardt KE, Reuter Q, Liu J et al (2018) Frailty screening and a frailty pathway decrease length of stay, loss of independence, and 30-day readmission rates in frail geriatric trauma and emergency general surgery patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 85:167–173PubMed
95.
Khadaroo RG, Warkentin LM, Wagg AS et al (2020) Clinical effectiveness of the elder-friendly approaches to the surgical environment initiative in emergency general surgery. JAMA Surg 155:e196021PubMedPubMedCentral
96.
97.
Eamer GJ, Clement F, Holroyd-Leduc J et al (2019) Frailty predicts increased costs in emergent general surgery patients: a prospective cohort cost analysis. Surgery 166:82–87PubMed
98.
Hofmeister M, Khadaroo RG, Holroyd-Leduc J et al (2020) Cost-effectiveness Analysis of the Elder-Friendly Approaches to the Surgical Environment (EASE) intervention for emergency abdominal surgical care of adults aged 65 years and older. JAMA Netw Open 3:e202034PubMedPubMedCentral
99.
Saravana-Bawan B, Warkentin LM, Rucker D et al (2019) Incidence and predictors of postoperative delirium in the older acute care surgery population: a prospective study. Can J Surg 62:33–38PubMed
100.
de Castro SMM, Ünlü Ç, Tuynman JB et al (2014) Incidence and risk factors of delirium in the elderly general surgical patient. Am J Surg 208:26–32PubMed
101.
Saljuqi AT, Hanna K, Asmar S et al (2020) Prospective evaluation of delirium in geriatric patients undergoing emergency general surgery. J Am Coll Surg 230:758–765PubMed
102.
Culley DJ, Flaherty D, Fahey MC et al (2017) Poor performance on a preoperative cognitive screening test predicts postoperative complications in older orthopedic surgical patients. Anesthesiology 127:765–774PubMed
103.
Berger M, Schenning KJ, Brown CH 4th et al (2018) Best practices for postoperative brain health: recommendations from the fifth international perioperative neurotoxicity working group. Anesth Analg 127:1406–1413PubMedPubMedCentral
104.
Mohanty S, Rosenthal RA, Russell MM et al (2016) Optimal perioperative management of the geriatric patient: a best practices guideline from the American College of Surgeons NSQIP and the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg 222:930–947PubMed
105.
Arias F, Wiggins M, Urman RD et al (2020) Rapid in-person cognitive screening in the preoperative setting: test considerations and recommendations from the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI). J Clin Anesth 62:109724PubMedPubMedCentral
106.
American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults (2015) American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 63:142–150
107.
Sprung J, Roberts RO, Weingarten TN et al (2017) Postoperative delirium in elderly patients is associated with subsequent cognitive impairment. Br J Anaesth 119:316–323PubMed
108.
Gleason LJ, Schmitt EM, Kosar CM et al (2015) Effect of delirium and other major complications on outcomes after elective surgery in older adults. JAMA Surg 150:1134–1140PubMedPubMedCentral
109.
Hshieh TT, Yue J, Oh E et al (2015) Effectiveness of multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 175:512–520PubMedPubMedCentral
110.
Chen CC-H, Li H-C, Liang J-T et al (2017) Effect of a modified hospital elder life program on delirium and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing abdominal surgery: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg 152:827–834PubMedPubMedCentral
111.
The 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel (2019) American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:674–694
112.
Chow WB, Rosenthal RA, Merkow RP et al (2012) American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; American Geriatrics Society. optimal preoperative assessment of the geriatric surgical patient: a best practices guideline from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg 215:453–466PubMed
113.
114.
115.
Scarborough JE, Schumacher J, Pappas TN et al (2016) Which complications matter most? Prioritizing quality improvement in emergency general surgery. J Am Coll Surg 222:515–524PubMedPubMedCentral
116.
McCoy CC, Englum BR, Keenan JE et al (2015) Impact of specific postoperative complications on the outcomes of emergency general surgery patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 78:912–918 (Discussion 918–9)PubMed
117.
Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Spencer FA et al (2012) Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 141:e326S-e350SPubMedPubMedCentral
118.
Baron TH, Kamath PS, McBane RD (2013) Management of antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing invasive procedures. N Engl J Med 368:2113–2124PubMed
119.
Douketis JD, Johnson JA, Turpie AG (2004) Low-molecular-weight heparin as bridging anticoagulation during interruption of warfarin: assessment of a standardized periprocedural anticoagulation regimen. Arch Intern Med 164:1319–1326PubMed
120.
Barnes GD, Lucas E, Alexander GC, Goldberger ZD (2015) National trends in ambulatory oral anticoagulant use. Am J Med 128:1300–5.e2PubMedPubMedCentral
121.
Hornor MA, Duane TM, Ehlers AP et al (2018) American College of Surgeons’ guidelines for the perioperative management of antithrombotic medication. J Am Coll Surg 227:521-536.e1PubMed
122.
Keeling D, Tait RC, Watson H, B Committee of Standards for Haematology (2016) Peri-operative management of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. Br J Haematol 175:602–613PubMed
123.
Tran H, Joseph J, Young L et al (2014) New oral anticoagulants: a practical guide on prescription, laboratory testing and peri-procedural/bleeding management. Australasian Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Intern Med J 44:525–536PubMed
124.
Kozek-Langenecker SA, Ahmed AB, Afshari A et al (2017) Management of severe perioperative bleeding: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology: first update 2016. Eur J Anaesthesiol 34:332–395PubMed
125.
Godier A, Garrigue D, Lasne D et al (2019) Management of antiplatelet therapy for non elective invasive procedures of bleeding complications: proposals from the French working group on perioperative haemostasis (GIHP), in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR). Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 38:289–302PubMed
126.
Pollack CV Jr, Reilly PA, Eikelboom J et al (2015) Idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal. N Engl J Med 373:511–520PubMed
127.
Siegal DM, Curnutte JT, Connolly SJ et al (2015) Andexanet alfa for the reversal of factor Xa inhibitor activity. N Engl J Med 373:2413–2424PubMed
128.
Vilahur G, Choi BG, Zafar MU et al (2007) Normalization of platelet reactivity in clopidogrel-treated subjects. J Thromb Haemost 5:82–90PubMed
129.
Burger W, Chemnitius J-M, Kneissl GD, Rücker G (2005) Low-dose aspirin for secondary cardiovascular prevention—cardiovascular risks after its perioperative withdrawal versus bleeding risks with its continuation—review and meta-analysis. J Intern Med 257:399–414PubMed
130.
Columbo JA, Lambour AJ, Sundling RA et al (2018) A meta-analysis of the impact of aspirin, clopidogrel, and dual antiplatelet therapy on bleeding complications in noncardiac surgery. Ann Surg 267:1–10PubMed
131.
Murphy PB, Vogt KN, Lau BD et al (2018) Venous thromboembolism prevention in emergency general surgery: a review. JAMA Surg 153:479–486PubMed
132.
133.
134.
Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ et al (2012) Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 141:e419S-e496SPubMedPubMedCentral
135.
Hu QL, Grant MC, Hornor MA, et al (2020) Technical evidence review for emergency major abdominal operation conducted for the agency for healthcare research and quality safety program for improving surgical care and recovery. J Am Coll Surg 23:S1072–7515(20)32338–3.
136.
Ban KA, Gibbons MM, Ko CY et al (2019) Evidence review conducted for the agency for healthcare research and quality safety program for improving surgical care and recovery: focus on anesthesiology for colorectal surgery. Anesth Analg 128:879–889PubMed
137.
Duggan EW, Carlson K, Umpierrez GE (2017) Perioperative hyperglycemia management: an update. Anesthesiology 126:547–560PubMed
138.
Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Jacobs S et al (2011) Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing general surgery (RABBIT 2 surgery). Diabetes Care 34:256–261PubMedPubMedCentral
139.
Kwon S, Thompson R, Dellinger P et al (2013) Importance of perioperative glycemic control in general surgery: a report from the surgical care and outcomes assessment program. Ann Surg 257:8–14PubMed
140.
NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Liu B et al (2012) Hypoglycemia and risk of death in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 367:1108–1118
141.
Yatabe T, Inoue S, Sakaguchi M, Egi M (2017) The optimal target for acute glycemic control in critically ill patients: a network meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 43:16–28PubMed
142.
Alghamdi AA, Al-Radi OO, Latter DA (2005) Intravenous magnesium for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Surg 20:293–299PubMed
143.
Nelson R, Edwards S, Tse B (2007) Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 18(3):CD004929
144.
Rao W, Zhang X, Zhang J et al (2011) The role of nasogastric tube in decompression after elective colon and rectum surgery: a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 26:423–429PubMed
145.
Jottard K, Hoff C, Maessen J et al (2009) Life and death of the nasogastric tube in elective colonic surgery in the Netherlands. Clin Nutr 28:26–28PubMed
146.
Ronco M, Iona L, Fabbro C et al (2012) Patient education outcomes in surgery: a systematic review from 2004 to 2010. Int J Evid Based Healthc 10:309–323PubMed
147.
Ayyadhah Alanazi A (2014) Reducing anxiety in preoperative patients: a systematic review. Br J Nurs 23:387–393PubMed
148.
Hounsome J, Lee A, Greenhalgh J et al (2017) A systematic review of information format and timing before scheduled adult surgery for peri-operative anxiety. Anaesthesia 72:1265–1272PubMed
149.
Cooper Z, Courtwright A, Karlage A et al (2014) Pitfalls in communication that lead to nonbeneficial emergency surgery in elderly patients with serious illness: description of the problem and elements of a solution. Ann Surg 260:949–957PubMed
150.
Taylor LJ, Nabozny MJ, Steffens NM et al (2017) A framework to improve surgeon communication in high-stakes surgical decisions: best case/worst case. JAMA Surg 152:531–538PubMedPubMedCentral
151.
Morris RS, Ruck JM, Conca-Cheng AM et al (2018) Shared decision-making in acute surgical illness: the surgeon’s perspective. J Am Coll Surg 226:784–795PubMed
152.
153.
154.
Berian JR, Mohanty S, Ko CY et al (2016) Association of loss of independence with readmission and death after discharge in older patients after surgical procedures. JAMA Surg 151:e161689–e161689PubMed
155.
Cooper Z, Koritsanszky LA, Cauley CE et al (2016) Recommendations for best communication practices to facilitate goal-concordant care for seriously ill older patients with emergency surgical conditions. Ann Surg 263:1–6PubMed
156.
Taylor LJ, Johnson SK, Nabozny MJ et al (2018) Barriers to goal-concordant care for older patients with acute surgical illness. Ann Surg 267:677–682PubMed
157.
Jones CH, O’Neill S, McLean KA et al (2017) Patient experience and overall satisfaction after emergency abdominal surgery. BMC Surg 17:76PubMedPubMedCentral
158.
Kwong E, Neuburger J, Murray D, Black N (2018) Feasibility of collecting and assessing patient-reported outcomes for emergency admissions: laparotomy for gastrointestinal conditions. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 5:e000238PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: Part 1—Preoperative: Diagnosis, Rapid Assessment and Optimization
Authors
Carol J. Peden
Geeta Aggarwal
Robert J. Aitken
Iain D. Anderson
Nicolai Bang Foss
Zara Cooper
Jugdeep K. Dhesi
W. Brenton French
Michael C. Grant
Folke Hammarqvist
Sarah P. Hare
Joaquim M. Havens
Daniel N. Holena
Martin Hübner
Jeniffer S. Kim
Nicholas P. Lees
Olle Ljungqvist
Dileep N. Lobo
Shahin Mohseni
Carlos A. Ordoñez
Nial Quiney
Richard D. Urman
Elizabeth Wick
Christopher L. Wu
Tonia Young-Fadok
Michael Scott
Publication date
01-05-2021
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
World Journal of Surgery / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0364-2313
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2323
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-021-05994-9

Other articles of this Issue 5/2021

World Journal of Surgery 5/2021 Go to the issue

Editorial Perspective

The World Journal of Surgery Announces Rowan Parks of Scotland as a New Associate Editor

Original Scientific Report

Outcomes of Incisional Hernia Repair Surgery After Multiple Re-recurrences: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis

Original Scientific Report

Staging Paradox and Discrepancy in Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with T4N0, T1-2N1, and T3N1 Colon Cancer

Original Scientific Report

Patient Outcomes Following Emergency Bowel Resection for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Impact of Surgical Subspecialisation in the North of England: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Surgery in Low and Middle Income Countries

Assessment of Surgical Care Provided in National Health Services Hospitals in Mozambique: The Importance of Subnational Metrics in Global Surgery

Original Scientific Report

We Asked the Experts: The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations for Content and Implementation Adaptations