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29-11-2021 | Rhinoplasty | Original Article

Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) in Italian

Authors: Rosa Alessia Battista, Milena Ferraro, Lucia Oriella Piccioni, Mohamed Abdelwahab, Federica Battista, Michael John, Mikhail Saltychev, Sam P. Most, Mario Bussi

Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | Issue 3/2022

Abstract

Backgrounds

Rhinoplasty necessarily concerns functional and cosmetic aspects, and outcomes of both should be assessed in each patient. There has been a lack in the literature in Italian for a comprehensive tool for assessing both aspects of rhinoplasty. The objective is to translate and validate the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) into Italian.

Methods

Forward and back-translation was used. Content validity was evaluated by experts and by patient interviews. Internal consistency was assessed by a Cronbach’s alpha. The structure validity was assessed by an exploratory factor analysis.

Results

Cognitive interviews of 10 rhinoplasty patients resulted in a good overall comprehension of the SCHNOS. Of the 411 respondents, 281 (32%) were women, and the average age was 33.6 (11.3) years. The alpha was excellent for both the obstruction domain (SCHNOS-O) (0.90) and the cosmetic domain (SCHNOS-C) (0.94). All the correlations between repeated measures were moderate to very strong. The exploratory factor analysis demonstrated unidimensionality of both the SCHNOS-O and the SCHNOS-C scores.

Conclusions

The SCHNOS was successfully translated and validated in Italian and can be recommended for a clinical use among rhinoplasty patients.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Title: Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) in Italian
Authors: Rosa Alessia Battista
Milena Ferraro
Lucia Oriella Piccioni
Mohamed Abdelwahab
Federica Battista
Michael John
Mikhail Saltychev
Sam P. Most
Mario Bussi
Publication date: 29-11-2021
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty
Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery / Issue 3/2022
Print ISSN: 0364-216X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5241
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-021-02677-7

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) in Italian

Abstract

Backgrounds

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Level of Evidence III

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Backgrounds

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Level of Evidence III

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