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Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 4/2019

Open Access 01-08-2019 | Breast Augmentation | Original Article

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) Expression in Contracted Capsules Compared to Uncontracted Capsules

Authors: Y. Bachour, M. J. P. F. Ritt, R. Heijmans, F. B. Niessen, S. P. Verweij

Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | Issue 4/2019

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Abstract

Introduction

The etiology of capsular contracture after surgical implantation of breast implants remains unclear, but an important role is seen for the immune system. Toll-like receptors are immune receptors recognizing both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. The former are present on bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis (bacteria earlier associated with capsular contracture), and the latter are released after (mechanical) stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TLRs 1–10 in relation to capsular contracture.

Materials and Methods

Fifty consecutive breast capsules were collected during implant removal or replacement. The extent of capsular contracture was scored according to the Baker score. A sample specimen (0.5 cm3) was obtained from all tissues. cDNA was synthesized from isolated mRNA from the collected specimens. PCR analyses were conducted to test for cDNA presence and to quantify concentration. TLR1–10 expression was measured for each of the Baker scores separately and compared to all Baker scores.

Results

Expression of all TLRs in all Baker scores was seen. TLR2 and TLR6 were more often present in contracted samples (Baker 3 or 4) compared to uncontracted samples (Baker 1 or 2) [Baker 2 vs. 3 (p = 0.034) and Baker 2 vs. 3 (p = 0.003), respectively]. None of the TLRs displayed a significantly higher expression in contracted capsules compared to uncontracted capsules.

Conclusion

This study shows that TLR2 and TLR6 are more often expressed in contracted capsules compared to non-contracted capsules however not in higher concentrations.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.​springer.​com/​00266.
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Metadata
Title
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) Expression in Contracted Capsules Compared to Uncontracted Capsules
Authors
Y. Bachour
M. J. P. F. Ritt
R. Heijmans
F. B. Niessen
S. P. Verweij
Publication date
01-08-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 0364-216X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5241
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-019-01368-8

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