Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 4/2017

01-08-2017 | Original Article

Literature Review to Optimize the Autologous Fat Transplantation Procedure and Recent Technologies to Improve Graft Viability and Overall Outcome: A Systematic and Retrospective Analytic Approach

Authors: Yoong Hoon Shim, Ru Hong Zhang

Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | Issue 4/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

Investigation and evaluation of the current methods and steps of autologous fat transplantation to optimize the viability of fat grafts and procedure outcome in quest of a more standardized protocol.

Methods

A thorough literature search was performed across the CNKI, Wan Fang, PubMed, Ovid and EMBASE databases from the year 1970 to December 2014, collecting and classifying all of the autologous fat transplantation-related reports and articles, and after screening, a critical retrospective analysis was performed on the included data.

Results

A total of 65 articles were included in the study. However, there were limited numbers of cases dealing with procedure-related steps such as the selection of donor sites, fat acquisition, graft treatment and methodology of transplant, resulting in a significant lack of evidence support, furthermore urging the need for more standardized protocol for the steps of autologous fat transplant to improve graft viability and overall outcome while decreasing procedure-related morbidity.

Conclusion

No good evidence was obtained to optimize the donor site, acquisition, processing and transplantation steps of the whole process of autologous fat transplantation. Tissue engineering and stem cell research have the potential to revolutionize the future of reconstructive surgery by replacing tissue, obviating the need for donor site morbidity. However, the use of stem cell therapies to expand and grow tissue for reconstruction must occur in the context of risk management. Balancing ease of harvest with yield and efficacy has been a delicate and often difficult trade-off which has prompted the scientific community to investigate alternative sources. However, there is much hope in the evaluation and implementation of multimodality approaches for autologous fat transplant, including thriving technologies such as ultrasound-assisted, water jet-assisted, nanotechnology-assisted liposuction in combination with revolutionary fat treatment technologies such as the VASER system.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.​springer.​com/​00266.
Literature
1.
Wenge L, Yanyi Z et al (2009) Factors influencing the survival of free fat particle after transplantation. Chin J Med Aesthet Cosmetol 15(4):237–239
2.
Lam SM, Glasgold RA, Glasgold MJ (2008) Limitations, complications, and long-term sequelae of fat transfer. Facial Plast Surg Clin N Am 16(4):391–399CrossRef
3.
Zocchi ML, Zuliani F (2008) Bicompartmental breast lipostructuring. Aesthetic Plast Surg 32:313–328CrossRefPubMed
4.
Wolf GA, Gallego S, Patron AS et al (2006) Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of gluteal fat grafts. Aesthetic Plast Surg 30:460–468CrossRefPubMed
5.
Niechajev I, Sevcuk O (1994) Long-term results of fat transplantation: clinical and histologic studies. Plast Reconstr Surg 94:496–506CrossRefPubMed
6.
Delay E, Garson S, Tousson G, Sinna R (2009) Fat injection to the breast: technique, results, and indications based on 880 procedures over 10 years. Aesthet Surg J 29:360–376CrossRefPubMed
7.
Park S, Kim B, Shin Y (2011) Correction of superior sulcus deformity with orbital fat anatomic repositioning and fat graft applied to retro-orbicularis oculi fat for Asian eyelids. Aesthetic Plast Surg 35:162–170CrossRefPubMed
8.
Rubin A, Hoefflin SM (2002) Fat purification: survival of the fittest. Plast Reconstr Surg 109:1463–1464CrossRefPubMed
9.
Markman B (1989) Anatomy and physiology of adipose tissue. Clin Plast Surg 16(2):235–244PubMed
10.
Chasan PE, Rahban SR (2000) Presacral donor site for lip augmentation. Aesthetic Plast Surg 24:31–33CrossRefPubMed
11.
Hudson DA, Lambert EV, Block CE (1990) Site selection for fat auto-transplantation: some observations. Aesthetic Plast Surg 14:195–197CrossRefPubMed
12.
Rohrich RJ, Sorokin ES, Brown SA (2004) In search of improved fat transfer viability: a quantitative analysis of the role of centrifugation and harvest site. Plast Reconstr Surg 113:391–395CrossRefPubMed
13.
Ullmann Y, Shoshani O, Fodor A (2005) Searching for the favorable donor site for fat injection: in vivo study using the nude mice model. Dermatol Surg 31:1304–1307CrossRefPubMed
14.
Nan Y (2006) Clinical study on the effect of different fat extraction sites on the injection of autologous fat particles. Chin Cosmestol 07:775–777
15.
Zhu M, Zhou Z, Chen Y (2010) Supplementation of fat grafts with adipose-derived regenerative cells improves long-term graft retention. Ann Plast Surg 64:222–228CrossRefPubMed
16.
Padoin AV, Braga-Silva J, Martins P et al (2008) Sources of processed lipoaspirate cells: influence of donor site on cell concentration. Plast Reconstr Surg 122:614–618CrossRefPubMed
17.
Gir P, Brown SA, Oni G et al (2012) Fat grafting: evidence-based review on autologous fat harvesting, processing, reinjection, and storage. Plast Reconstr Surg 130:249–258CrossRefPubMed
18.
Ullmann Y, Shoshani O, Fodor A et al (2005) Searching for the favorable donor site for fat injection: in vivo study using the nude mice model. Dermatol Surg 31:1304–1307CrossRefPubMed
19.
Kaufman MR, Bradley JP, Dickinson B et al (2007) Autologous fat transfer consensus survey: trends in techniques for harvest, preparation, and application, and perception of short- and long-term results. Plast Reconstr Surg 119:323–331CrossRefPubMed
20.
Pu LL, Cui X, Fink BF (2005) The viability of fatty tissues within adipose aspirates after conventional liposuction: a comprehensive study. Ann Plast Surg 03:288–292
21.
Trepsat F (2003) Periorbital rejuvenation combining fat grafting and blepharoplasties. Aesthetic Plast Surg 27:243–253CrossRefPubMed
22.
Moore JH Jr, Kolaczynski JW, Morales LM et al (1995) Viability of fat obtained by syringe suction lipectomy: effects of local anesthesia with lidocaine. Aesthetic Plast Surg 19:335–339CrossRefPubMed
23.
Shoshani O, Berger J, Fodor L et al (2005) The effect of lidocaine and adrenaline on the viability of injected adipose tissue: an experimental study in nude mice. J Drugs Dermatol 4:311–316PubMed
24.
Kim IH, Yang JD, Lee DG, Chung HY, Cho BC (2009) Evaluation of centrifugation technique and effect of epinephrine on fat cell viability in autologous fat injection. Aesthet Surg J 29:35–39CrossRefPubMed
25.
Keck M, Janke J, Ueberreiter K (2009) Viability of preadipocytes in vitro: the influence of local anesthetics and pH. Dermatol Surg 35:1251–1257CrossRefPubMed
26.
Keck M, Zeyda M, Gollinger K et al (2010) Local anesthetics have a major impact on viability of preadipocytes and their differentiation into adipocytes. Plast Reconstr Surg 126:1500–1505CrossRefPubMed
27.
Karacalar A, Ozcan M (1998) Liposuction of the kneecap area under tourniquet: a superdry procedure. Aesthetic Plast Surg 22:408–411CrossRefPubMed
28.
Livaoglu M, Buruk CK, Uraloglu M et al (2012) Effects of lidocaine plus epinephrine and prilocaine on autologous fat graft survival. J Craniofac Surg 23:1015–1018CrossRefPubMed
29.
Girard A-C, Atlan M, Bencharif K (2013) New insights into lidocaine and adrenaline effects on human adipose stem cells. Aesthet Plast Surg 37:144–152CrossRef
30.
Coleman SR (1997) Facial recontouring with lipostructure. Clin Plast Surg 24:347–367PubMed
31.
Nordstrom REA (1997) “Spaghetti” fat grafting: a new technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 99:917–918CrossRefPubMed
32.
Tzikas TL (2004) Lipografting: autologous fat grafting for total facial rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg 20:135–143CrossRefPubMed
33.
Pu LL, Coleman SR, Cui X et al (2008) Autologous fat grafts harvested and refined by the Coleman technique: a comparative study. Plast Reconstr Surg 122:932–937CrossRefPubMed
34.
Huss FR, Kratz G (2002) Adipose tissue processed for lipoinjection shows increased cellular survival in vitro when tissue engineering principles are applied. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 36:166–171CrossRefPubMed
35.
Pu LL, Cui X, Fink BF, Cibull ML, Gao D (2008) The viability of fatty tissues within adipose aspirates after conventional liposuction: a comprehensive study. Ann Plast Surg 54:288–292 (discussion 292)
36.
Fagrell D, Enestrom S, Berggren A et al (1996) Fat cylinder transplantation: an experimental comparative study of three different kinds of fat transplants. Plast Reconstr Surg 98:90CrossRefPubMed
37.
Chi QW, Yangbin X et al (2012) Experimental and preliminary clinical study of axial fat transplantation. Chin J Surg Reconstr 26:576–582
38.
Nguyen A, Pasyk KA, Bouvier TN (1990) Comparative study of survival of autologous adipose tissue taken and transplanted by different techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg 85:378–386CrossRefPubMed
39.
He ZX, Donglai G, Jianhua G (2001) The observation of human body adipose tissue damage degree by the method of drawing. Chin J Plast Surg 17(5):290–291
40.
Hua L, Qingfeng L (2005) Study on the activity of fat particles by glucose transfer. Chin J Plast Surg 05:375–378
41.
Hua L, Qingfeng L (2005) Study on the effect of suction negative pressure on the activity of extracted fat particles. Chin J Cosmetol 14:27–30
42.
Leong DT, Hutmacher DW, Chew FT, Lim TC (2005) Viability and adipogenic potential of human adipose tissue processed cell population obtained from pump-assisted and syringe-assisted liposuction. J Dermatol Sci 37:169–176CrossRefPubMed
43.
William PS, Adams P et al (2006) Autologous human fat grafting: effect of harvesting and preparation techniques on adipocyte graft survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 117:1836–1844CrossRef
44.
Gonzalez AM et al (2007) An alternative method for harvest and processing fat grafts: an in vitro study of cell viability and survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 120:285–294CrossRefPubMed
45.
Lalikos JF, Li YQ, Roth T et al (1997) Biochemical assessment of cellular damage after adipocyte harvest. J Surg Res 70:95–100CrossRefPubMed
46.
Shiffman MA, Mirrafati S (2001) Fat transfer techniques: the effect of harvest and transfer methods on adipocyte viability and review of the literature. Dermatol Surg 7:819–826
47.
Ozsoy Z, Kul Z, Bilir A (2006) The role of cannula diameter in improved adipocyte viability: a quantitative analysis. Aesthet Surg J 26:287–289CrossRefPubMed
48.
Erdim M, Tezel E, Numanoglu A, Sav A (2009) The effects of the size of liposuction cannula on adipocyte survival and the optimum temperature for fat graft storage: an experimental study. Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62:1210–1214CrossRef
49.
Gonzalez AM, Lobocki C, Kelly CP (2007) An alternative method for harvest and processing fat grafts: an in vitro study of cell viability and survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 120:285–294CrossRefPubMed
50.
Nguyen PS, Desouches C, Gay AM et al (2012) Development of micro-injection as an innovative autologous fat graft technique: the use of adipose tissue as dermal filler. Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 65:1692–1699CrossRef
51.
Rennekampff HO, Reimers K, Gabka CJ et al (2010) Current perspective and limitations of autologous fat transplantation. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 42:137–142CrossRefPubMed
52.
Kaufman MR, Bradley JP, Dickinson B et al (2007) Autologous fat transfer consensus survey: trends in techniques for harvest, preparation, and application, and perception of short- and long-term results. Plast Reconstr Surg 119:323–331CrossRefPubMed
53.
Butterwick KJ (2002) Lipoaugmentation for aging hands: a comparison of the longevity and aesthetic results of centrifuged versus noncentrifuged fat. Dermatol Surg 28:987–991PubMed
54.
Khater R, Atanassova P, Anastassov Y, Pellerin P, Martinot DV (2009) Clinical and experimental study of autologous fat grafting after processing by centrifugation and serum lavage. Aesthetic Plast Surg 33:37–43CrossRefPubMed
55.
Conde Green A, de Amorim NF, Pitanguy I (2010) Influence of decantation, washing and centrifugation on adipocyte and mesenchymal stem cell content of aspirated adipose tissue: a comparative study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63:1375–1381CrossRefPubMed
56.
Conde Green A, Baptista LS, de Amorin NF et al (2010) Effects of centrifugation on cell composition and viability of aspirated adipose tissue processed for transplantation. Aesthet Surg J 30:249–255CrossRefPubMed
57.
Botti G, Pascali M, Botti C, Bodog F, Cervelli V (2011) A clinical trial in facial fat grafting: filtered and washed versus centrifuged fat. Plast Reconstr Surg 127:2464–2473CrossRefPubMed
58.
Ramon Y, Shoshani O, Peled IJ et al (2005) Enhancing the take of injected adipose tissue by a simple method for concentrating fat cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 115:197–201PubMed
59.
Rose JG Jr, Lucarelli MJ, Lemke BN et al (2006) Histologic comparison of autologous fat processing methods. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 22:195–200CrossRefPubMed
60.
Smith P, Adams WP Jr, Lipschitz AH et al (2006) Autologous human fat grafting: effect of harvesting and preparation techniques on adipocyte graft survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 117:1836–1844CrossRefPubMed
61.
Minn KW, Min KH, Chang H, Kim S, Heo EJ (2010) Effects of fat preparation methods on the viabilities of autologous fat grafts. Aesthetic Plast Surg 34:626–631CrossRefPubMed
62.
Ferraro GA, De Francesco F, Tirino V et al (2011) Effects of a new centrifugation method on adipose cell viability for autologous fat grafting. Aesthetic Plast Surg 35:341–348CrossRefPubMed
63.
Boschert MT, Beckert BW, Puckett CL, Concannon MJ (2002) Analysis of lipocyte viability after liposuction. Plast Reconstr Surg 109:761–765CrossRefPubMed
64.
Kurita M, Matsumoto D, Shigeura T et al (2008) Influences of centrifugation on cells and tissues in liposuction aspirates: optimized centrifugation for lipotransfer and cell isolation. Plast Reconstr Surg 121:1033–1041CrossRefPubMed
65.
Xie Y, Zheng D, Li Q, Chen H, Lei H, Pu LL (2010) The effect of centrifugation on viability of fat grafts: an evaluation with the glucose transport test. Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63:482–487CrossRef
66.
Pulsfort AK, Wolter TP, Pallua N (2011) The effect of centrifugal forces on viability of adipocytes in centrifuged lipoaspirates. Ann Plast Surg 66:292–295CrossRefPubMed
67.
68.
Ferguson RE, Cui X, Fink BF (2008) The viability of autologous fat grafts harvested with the LipiVage system: a comparative study. Ann Plast Surg 60(5):594–597CrossRefPubMed
69.
Lee LQ, Coleman SR (2006) American society of plastic surgeons, viability of autologous fat grafts harvested with the Coleman technique and LipiVage system: a controlled study. Plast Reconstr Surg 118(Suppl)
70.
71.
Zocchi ML (1996) Ultrasonic assisted lipoplasty: technical refinements and clinical evaluations. Clin Plast Surg 23(4):575–598PubMed
72.
Rohrich RJ, Morales DE, Krueger JE et al (2000) Comparative lipoplasty analysis of in vivo-treated adipose tissue. Plast Reconstr Surg 105:2152–2158 (discussion 2159–2160) CrossRefPubMed
73.
Garcia O, Nathan N (2008) Comparative analysis of blood loss in suction-assisted lipoplasty and third-generation internal ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty. Aesthetic Surg J 28(4):430–435CrossRef
74.
Nagy MW, Vanek PF Jr (2012) A multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial comparing VASER-assisted lipoplasty and suction-assisted lipoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 129(4):681–689CrossRef
75.
Schafer ME, Hicok KC, Mills DC et al (2013) Acute adipocyte viability after third generation ultrasound-assisted liposuction. Asethet Surg J 33(5):698–704CrossRef
76.
Sasaki GH (2011) Water-assisted liposuction for body contouring and lipoharvesting: safety and efficacy in 41 consecutive patients. Aesthet Surg J 31(1):76–88CrossRefPubMed
77.
Kaufman MR, Miller TA, Huang C et al (2007) Autologous fat transfer for facial recontouring: is there science behind the art. Plast Reconstr Surg 119(7):2287–2296CrossRefPubMed
78.
Chung MT, Zimmermann AS, Paik KJ et al (2013) Isolation of human adipose-derived stromal cells using laser-assisted liposuction and their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2(10):808–817CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
79.
80.
Thanik VD, Chang CC, Lerman OZ (2009) A murine model for studying diffusely injected human fat. Plast Reconstr Surg 124(1):74–81CrossRefPubMed
81.
Xie Y, Zheng DN, Li QF et al (2010) An integrated fat grafting technique for cosmetic facial contouring. Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63(2):270–276CrossRef
82.
Changbing Z, Dawei W, Songlin Y (2006) The lacuna of autologous fat granules injection transplantation for the repair of facial depression. Chin J Cosmetol 15(10):1122–1124
83.
Ohara H, Kishi K, Nakajima T (2010) The unilocular fat-cell graft. Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63(3):488–492CrossRef
84.
85.
Banyard DA, Bourgeois JM, Widgerow AD et al (2015) Regenerative biomaterials: a review. Plast Reconstr Surg 135:1740–1748CrossRefPubMed
86.
Bellas E, Panilaitis BJ, Glettig DL et al (2013) Sustained volume retention in vivo with adipocyte and lipoaspirate seeded silk scaffolds. Biomaterials 34:2960–2968CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
87.
Keane TJ, Swinehart IT, Badylak SF (2015) Methods of tissue decellularization used for preparation of biologic scaffolds and in vivo relevance. Methods 84:25–34CrossRefPubMed
88.
89.
Itoi Y, Takatori M, Hyakusoku H et al (2010) Comparison of readily available scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering using adipose-derived stem cells. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63:858–864CrossRefPubMed
90.
Phadke A, Chang CW, Varghese S (2010) Functional biomaterials for controlling stem cell differentiation. In: Roy K (ed) Biomaterials as stem cell niche. Springer, Berlin, pp 19–44CrossRef
91.
Wei Y, Hu Y, Hao W et al (2008) A novel injectable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering using adipose-derived adult stem cells. J Orthop Res 26:27–33CrossRefPubMed
92.
Kumar VA, Taylor NL, Shi S et al (2015) Self-assembling multidomain peptides tailor biological responses through biphasic release. Biomaterials 52:71–78CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
93.
Li Y, Meng H, Liu Y et al (2015) Fibrin gel as an injectable biodegradable scaffold and cell carrier for tissue engineering. Sci World J 2015:685690
Metadata
Title
Literature Review to Optimize the Autologous Fat Transplantation Procedure and Recent Technologies to Improve Graft Viability and Overall Outcome: A Systematic and Retrospective Analytic Approach
Authors
Yoong Hoon Shim
Ru Hong Zhang
Publication date
01-08-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery / Issue 4/2017
Print ISSN: 0364-216X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5241
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-017-0793-3

Other articles of this Issue 4/2017

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 4/2017 Go to the issue

Letter to the Editor

Discussion: Surgical Management of Gynecomastia—Subcutaneous Mastectomy and Liposuction

Letter to the Editor

Defining “Weight Stability” for Post-Bariatric Body Contouring Procedures

Review

Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Plastic Surgery and Dermatology Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Original Article

Gluteal Augmentation with Silicone Implants: A New Proposal for Intramuscular Dissection

Original Article

Cervico-Mental Angle Suspensory Ligament: The Keystone to Understand the Cervico-Mental Angle and the Ageing Process of the Neck

Editor's Invited Commentary

Discussion: Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: Subcutaneous Mastectomy and Liposuction